• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.103-123
• /
• 2016

This study is a comparison of the flora and case studies distributed in Gulup-do Ongjingun, Incheon. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 282 taxa including 81 families, 201 genera, 252 species, 3 subspecies, 22 varieties and 5 forms. The Raunkiaer life forms are analyzed in hemicryptophytes were 66 taxa (23.4%) in dormancy form, non-clonal growth ($R_5$) were 160 taxa (56.7%) in propagation form of radicoid form, having no special modification for dissemination ($D_4$) were 197 taxa (48.6%) in propagation form of disseminule form, erect form (e) were 117 taxa (41.5%) in growth form. The halophytes were 23 taxa including Salsola collina, Asparagus oligoclonos and so on. The rare plants were 7 taxa including Pyrrosia hastata (VU), Senecio nemorensis (VU) and so on. The Korean endemic plants were 5 taxa including Hepatica insularis, Lespedeza maritima and so on. In the specific plants by floristic region were 38 taxa, a degree I were 23 taxa (Dictamnus dasycarpus, Vitex rotundifolia and so on), 6 taxa of a degree II (Morus cathayana, Euphorbia esula and so on), 8 taxa of a degree III (Pyrrosia hastata, Rhodotypos scandens and so on), Senecio nemorensis of a degree V and degree IV were not found. The naturalized plants were 17 taxa including Robinia pseudoacacia, Bromus tectorumand so on. Of those Ambrosia artemisiifolia is a invasive alien plants. Naturalization rate (NR) was 6.0% of all 282 taxa of vascular plants and urbanization index (UI) was 5.3% of all 321 taxa of naturalized plants. Gulup-do and adjacent Baega-do were locally investigated field work and it summarizes the results of a total of 41 islands literature in Ongjin-gun and Ganghwa-gun, Incheon including uninhabited islands, Baengnyeong-do, Daecheong-do and so on. The average number of species were each analyzed in about 89 taxa, rare plants are about 2 taxa, endemic plants are about 1 taxa, naturalized plants are about 4 taxa. This study was the comparison of the flora and literature distribution case that the Gulup-do maintain the naturalness and continuously conducted to explore the future conservation measures the adjacent islands.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.89-102
• /
• 2016

Damyang riverine wetland was designated as a wetland protected area in 2004; that is located in the Yeongsan river mainstream. Total 30 phytosociological releves at field studies were classified with 22 vegetation types including of 101 species (unidentified 1 species). Legends of actual vegetation map were separated by 6 types; riparian forest, substitute vegetation, synanthropic vegetation, wet meadow vegetation, open water, an area of wetland vegetation is about 35 % ($386,841.86m^2$). Results of this study area as follows. The plant society of Damyang riverine wetland was conjectured that it was formed by rapidly water environment change with installed weir on the upstream of protected area and operating of Damyang dam on top of the basin. Until recently, the terrace land on the river was used to cultivate, but that would be formed fallow vegetation scenery on riverfront caused by no cultivation after designated protected area. Paspalum distichum var. indutum community designated as invasive alien plant by Korea Ministry of Environment was widely developed and Myriophyllum spicatumunrecorded in the country as newly alien species was discovered in the study zone. The plants as lapped over developing environment for Leersia japonica must be occupied habitat of native plant species having similar niche. The various plant society in Damyang riverine wetland should be developed because of environmental changes, disturbances and damages of stream.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.22-34
• /
• 2024

Recently, in several regions of Korea, we discovered the occurrence of Sagina micropetala Rauschert and S. procumbens L. All the plants of the genus Sagina growing in Korea are 5-merous and belong to the sect. Spergella. However, the two taxa we discovered belong to the sect. Saginella and are 4-merous. In addition, morphological characteristics such as sepals during the fruiting season and seeds were significantly different from those of species of the genus Sagina that occur in Korea. To clearly identify these species, we compared and observed their primary morphological characteristics using illustrated books and literature. Morphologically, S. micropetala exhibits the following traits: pubescence along the leaf margin, horizontally spreading sepals with red margins, and convex protrusions on the seed surface. In contrast, S. procumbens can be distinguished by its pedicels, which are curved during the flowering season and erect during the fruiting season. This plant also has broadly ovate sepals with white or yellowish-green margins, and flat seed surface protrusions. In terms of molecular analyses, 19 samples of Sagina were divided into two clades (S. micropetala and S. procumbens), confirming the taxonomic identity of the Sagina spp.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.250-293
• /
• 2021

Limestone areas are sedimentary rock outcrops consisting of calcium carbonate created several hundreds of millions of years ago by calcium-secreting marine organisms and subsequently lifted above sea level by tectonic movement. Limestone areas support very high levels of endemic species of plants and are recognized as biodiversity areas with much biological information. The purpose of this study is to devise a strategy for the comprehensive conservation of the vegetation of limestone areas through analyses of the floristics and plant species compositions in ten limestone areas on the Korean Peninsula. The results of 153 field surveys from April of 2010 to October of 2016 identified 1,202 taxa in total, representing 1,096 species, 18 subspecies, 84 varieties, 2 forms, and 2 hybrids in 530 genera and 133 families. Among them, 55 taxa were endemic plants to Korea, and 38 taxa were red data plants. The floristic target plants amounted to 102 taxa, specifically 27 taxa of grade V and 75 taxa of grade IV. In all, 121 alien plants were recorded in the investigated area. Calciphilous plants amounted to 102 taxa, specifically 14 taxa of calciphilous indicator plants, 30 taxa of superlative most calciphilous plants, and 58 taxa of comparative more calciphilous plants. A cluster analysis showed a high degree of similarity between sites that are geographically adjacent with similar habitat environments. Limestone areas also supported groups distinct from those in non-limestone areas, demonstrating the specificity of limestone flora. Plant geography approaches therefore appear to be crucial to gain a better understanding of the level of biodiversity in limestone areas, not only at the interspecific but also at the intraspecific level. These results highlight the importance of protecting limestone habitats to preserve not only their interspecific but also the intraspecific diversity, which is highly threatened.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.220-256
• /
• 2022

The most important thing for conserving plant diversity in an area is to make an overall inventory of the plant species inhabiting the area. In particular, limestone areas are known for their high plant diversity and distribution of specific plants. Despite that, only a few have been designated as protected areas. This study investigated the vascular plants distributed in Goyangsan Mtn. and Munraesan Mtn., located in limestone areas of the central part of the Korean Peninsula. A field survey was conducted eight times from April to October 2021. As a result, we identified a total of 654 taxa comprising 113 families, 357 genera, 592 species, 15 subspecies, 44 varieties, and 3 formulas. They included four endangered wild plant species: Astilboides tabularis, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Cypripedium macranthos, and Epilobium hirsutum. Endemic plants in Korea were identified as 32 taxa. Floristic target plants were identified as 168 taxa, specifically 5 taxa of grade V, 41 taxa of grade IV, and 36 taxa of grade III. The red data plants included 2 taxa as "Endangered (EN)", 7 taxa as "Vulnerable (VU)", and 7 taxa as "Near threatened (NT)". A total of 41 taxa of naturalized plants were identified, and 4 of them were invasive alien plants. The surveyed vicinity of Goyangsan Mtn. and Munraesan Mtn. showed high plant diversity and contained core habitats for distribution of an endangered wild plant, Astilboides tabularis,in the limestone area. Moreover, both mountains contained a small population of Cotoneaster integerrimus. These findings confirm that the area has conservation values. Therefore, we propose to identify areas with high plant diversity and designate them as special protected areas.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.450-462
• /
• 2023

This study suggested methodology of Citizen Science as a tool of ecosystem conservation and management to achieve Wetland Protected Area (WPA) Conservation Plan and examined whose applicability in 3 WPAs (Jangrok of Gwangju metropolitan city, Madongho of Goseong in South Gyeongsang Province, and Incheongang estuary of Gochang in North Jeolla Province). It consists of a) figuring out main interests and stakeholder or beneficiaries of WPA and their information demand based on conservation, utilization, and management target in the WPA Conservation Plan, b) conducting research activities to gain outcome to address stakeholder's demand, and c) returning the research outcome to citizen scientists and making diffusion to the society. Based on the suggested method and process, citizen scientists conducted ecosystem monitoring (plants including Invasive Alien Plants, terrestrial insects, traces of mammals, discovering unknown wetland). As a result, citizen scientists contributed to collecting species information of 16 plans, 43 species of terrestrial insects, 5 mammals including Lutra lutra (Endangered Species I) and Prionailurus bengalensis (Endangered Species II). The authors constructed and provided distribution map of Invasive Alien Plants, which included information of location and density which citizen scientists registered, for Environment Agencies and local governments who manage 3 WPAs to aid data-based ecosystem policy, In further studies, not only accumulating research data and outcomes acquired from citizen science to suffice the policy demands but also deliberate reviewing policy applicability and social·economic ripple effect should be processed for the suggested Citizen Science in WPA to be settled down as a tool of ecosystem conservation and management.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.396-418
• /
• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the flora and the vegetation of Samusan mountain on Jecheon-si, located in the middle part of the Korean peninsula. The vascular plants which were collected in 9 times from June 2014 to October 2015 were identified as 502 taxa in total, including 102 families, 314 genera, 445 species, 6 subspecies, 49 varieties, 1 form and 1 hybrid. The largest families were as follows; Asteraceae (70 taxa), Poaceae (52 taxa), Rosaceae (30 taxa), Fabaceae (28 taxa), and Cyperaceae (20 taxa). Of them, Korean endemic plants numbered 10 taxa, and vascular plants listed in the red data according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) numbered 14 taxa. The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 61 taxa in total. Among them, 5 taxa revealed the floristic grade V, 11 for floristic grade IV, 14 for floristic grade III, 10 for floristic grade II, and 21 for floristic grade I. The alien plants were identified as 43 taxa and the percentage of naturalized index (NI) was 8.6%, and urbanization index (UI) was 13.4%, respectively. Samples of the forest vegetation on the Samusan Mt. were mainly classified as Pinus densiflora, Quercus variabilis, Q. acutissima, Q. mongolica, Zelkova serrata and Robinia pseudoacacia forest. The vertical structures of the forest were stable and the DBH-Class analyses showed that the dominant tree species would be maintained. In the surveyed areas, high plant diversity was shown, and a number of endemic, rare, calcicole plants and phytogeographically important plants were found. Nonetheless, numerous and diverse biological resources native have been consistently disturbed or damaged by human activities without some form of protection. Therefore, it is needed to set up strategies for conservation forest vegetation in this study area.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.292-298
• /
• 2014

Purple ammannia (Ammannia coccinea Rottb.) is an exotic weed originated from North America. It was known to be a noxious weed in a rice paddy field for the competition with rice. We investigated its distribution and habitat types in Korea to obtain basic data for the management plan of this species. Although purple ammannia is currently not a dominant species in natural habitats, its nationwide distribution was found in our study. We categorized the types of its habitats as margins of rice paddies, abandoned paddy fields, riverine wetlands and reservoirs. Particularly, purple ammannia plants were frequently located along banks of irrigation channels that ran through rice paddies and surrounding wetlands. Because they mainly occurred along the direction of water flow, we considered that the plants have spread along water courses. A total of 69 vascular plant taxa was identified at the habitats of purple ammannia. The largest group of life form among purple ammannia population was therophytes, which indicates that purple ammannia mostly grow in the disturbed habitats.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.25-35
• /
• 2007

Excess runoff contaminated with N and P can impact the quality of downstream water. It has been known that aquatic plants improve the water quality through their intake of organic or inorganic nutrients. This study was conducted to select aquatic plants having high purification ability for nutrient N and P, and mineral nutrients related to EC such as K, Ca, Na, Cl, and $SO_4$ in raw sewage water in greenhouse. We assessed nutrient phytoremediation potential of alien hydrophyte and hydro-crop as well as native landscape hydrophyte to select suitable aquatic plant applied to artificial wetland and buffering site of stream-side. The amount of irrigation water during whole growing period of aquatic plane ranged from 225 L $m^{-2}$ to 444 L $m^{-2}$. Oryza sativa, Typha orientalis, Zizania latifolia, Aster subulatus, Coix lachryma-jobi var. mayuen, Paspalum disdichum var. indutum which had high biomass consumed the large amount of irrigation water over 350 L $m^{-2}$. As a result of analysis of water purification effect N and P content of shoot biomass, and media soil after experiment, Oryza sativa, Zizania latifolia, Aster subulatus, Coix lachryma-jobi var. mayuen, Paspalum distichum var. indutum showed high purification ability about eutrophication elements such as T-N and T-P. It is presented that Pistia stratiotes, Eichhornia crassipes, and Paspalum distichum var. indutum had excellent purification ability about K, Ca, Na, and Cl. Moreover, Paspalum distichum var. indutum greatly removed $SO_4$ in row sewage water.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.110-127
• /
• 2016

This floristic study was conducted from April to September, 2014 in 12 days. The investigated area was Mt. Segeolsan (1,261 m) which is the part of Chirisan National Park and its neighbor region, Goan-ri, Sandeuk-ri. Based on voucher specimens, flora of this area consisted of 108 families, 376 genera, 584 species, 5 subspecies, 73 varieties, and 16 forma, totally 679 taxa. 17 taxa were endemic to Korea such as Carex okamotoi Ohwi, Cimicifuga austrokoreana H.W. Lee & C.W. Park., Thalictrum rochebrunianum var. grandisepalum (H.Lév.) Nakai, Fallopia koreana B.U. Oh & J.G. Kim, Asarum patens (Yamaki) Yamaki ex Y.N. Lee, and Stewartia pseudocamellia Maxim. etc. Among these species, C. austrokoreana, T. rochebrunianum var. grandisepalum, F. koreana, A. patens are considered having a southern boundary line of distribution in the Chirisan National Park region. And so Carex okamotoi has main distribution center in the Chirisan National Park region, this study region is assumed important in phytogeography. The useful plants were 633 taxa, ethonobotanic plants were 359 taxa in this area. Invasive alien species were 61 taxa, which were naturalized rate (9.0%) and urbanized index (17.4%).