• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 2002

에탄올 투여에 의한 산화적 손상에 대하여 비타민 A의 보충급여 영향을 조사하고자 흰쥐에게 AIN-76 요구량에 2배 수준으로 retinyl acetate와 $\beta$-carotene을 보충한 식이를 5주간 급여한 후 20% 에탄올 용액(3g/kg B.W)을 급성으로 복강내에 투여하였다. 그런 다음 간조직에서 생성되는 지질과산 화물 함량, 간조직에서의 관련 효소활성도와 항산화비타민의 함량을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 간조직에서의 지질과 산화물 함량은 대조군에 비하여 $\beta$-carotene 공급군에서 유의적인 감소를 나타내었다. 그러나 retinyl acetate 공급군과 $\beta$-carotene 공급군 사이에서의 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. SOD 활성은 대조군에 비해 retinyl acetate 공급군이 높았고, catalase 활성과 GSH-Px 활성은 실험군 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. GST 활성은 에탄올만을 투영한 대조군에 비해 retinyl acetate와 $\beta$-carotene을 공급한 군에서 유의적으로 감소되었다. 간조직 내 retinol 함량은 대조군에 비해 retinyl acetate 공급군에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 이는 에탄올 급여로 인한 간조직 비타민 A의 소모를 retinyl acetate의 급여로 인해 완화시킨 것으로 여겨진다. 그러나 혈청에서는 실험군 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 간조직내 $\alpha$-tocopherol의 함량은 retinyl acetate와 $\beta$-carotene 공급군에서 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 금성적인 에탄올의 투여에 대해 retinyl acetate나 $\beta$-carotene을 보충 급여한 경우 항산화효소계 중 superoxide dismutase의 활성이 유도되는 경향을 보였으며, 대표적인 항산화비타민으로 알려진 $\alpha$-tocopherol의 간조직 내 수준이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제40권8호
• /
• pp.1092-1098
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 당뇨병의 치료에 중요한 저해요인으로 제기되고 있는 당뇨합병증을 예방하고자 녹황색 채소 등을 통해 식사 시 한국인들이 쉽게 섭취할 수 있는 ${\beta}$-carotene의 혈관계 합병증 예방효과를 분석하고자 하였다. 간 미토콘드리아에서의 catalase 활성은 ${\beta}$-carotene을 급여한 비당뇨군에서 유의적으로 높은 활성을 나타내었으나 당뇨군에서는 ${\beta}$-carotene 급여에 의한 영향을 나타내지 않았다. 간 사이토졸 내의 superoxide dismutase 활성은 ${\beta}$-carotene을 급여하지 않은 당뇨군에서 그 활성이 가장 저하되었으나 ${\beta}$-carotene 공급에 의해 유의적으로 증가되었다. 간 사이토졸 내의 glutathione-S-transferase 활성은 ${\beta}$-carotene의 급여에 의한 차이가 없었다. 간 마이크로솜에서의 glucose-6-phosphatase 활성은 대조군에 비하여 ${\beta}$-carotene을 급여하지 않은 당뇨군에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났으나 ${\beta}$-carotene을 급여한 당뇨군에서는 활성이 유의적으로 저하되었다. 간조직의 환원형 glutathione 함량은 당뇨군에서 유의적으로 감소되었으며, 당뇨군에서 ${\beta}$-carotene의 급여로 증가하였다. 이상의 결과에서 볼 때 ${\beta}$-carotene의 섭취는 당뇨 유도에 의한 산화스트레스가 증가된 생리적 상태에서 glutathione의 소모를 감소시키고, 항산화 효소계 중 특히 superoxide dismutase 활성을 유도하여 과산화 라디칼을 환원시킴으로써 활성산소에 의해 유발되는 산화적 손상의 일차적 방어에 관여한 것으로 여겨진다. 따라서 인체시험 등을 통한 후속연구와 연계하여 ${\beta}$-carotene 수준을 적절하게 보충 섭취한다면 당뇨로 인한 항산화계 활성의 변화를 조절함으로써 산화스트레스에 대한 보호효과를 나타내어 당뇨병 합병증의 예방에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.5-11
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 명일엽과 그 가공산물의 대사에너지 함량을 분석하기 위해 실시하였다. 명일엽 전초, 명일엽 녹즙, 녹즙박, 발효녹즙 및 녹즙 + 녹즙박 5가지 식품을 기초식이에 30% 첨가하여 실험식이를 제조하였다. 기초식이는 AIN93M을 사용하였다. 실험용 쥐는 실험군당 6마리를 사용하였고, 3일간 실험식이에 적응시킨후 4일간 식이섭취량을 측정하고 분과 뇨를 모두 수거하였다. 수거한 분과 뇨는 bomb calorimeter로 gross energy를 측정하였다. 본 연구결과, 명일엽 가공산물의 대사에너지 함량은 명일엽 1,286.8 kcal/kg, 명일엽 녹즙 1,642.6 kcal/kg, 발효녹즙 2,044.8 kcal/kg, 녹즙박 1,687.5 kacl/kg, 명일엽 녹즙 + 녹즙박 1,763.0 kcal/kg이었다. 수분을 함유한 원물은 각각 193, 82, 102, 270 및 216 kcal/kg이었다. 이를 여러 에너지환산계수를 이용한 에너지가와 비교한 결과 20~60% 차이를 보였다. 특히 원물에서 명일엽은 식품성분표에서는 340 kcal/kg의 열량가를 갖는 것으로 발표되었지만, 동물을 이용한 대사에너지 측정치는 193 kcal/kg으로 76% 낮게 나타났다. 이는 섬유소 함량이 높은 명일엽과 가공 산물들은 실험동물을 이용한 방법이 energy conversion factor로 계산한 수치보다 정확한 대사에너지 함량을 구하기에 더 적합하기 때문으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제28권7호
• /
• pp.585-594
• /
• 1995

Attempts were made to determine the effects of 5-Korean wild vegetabel consumptions on blood glucose leveles and orgen-energy metabolisms in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The 5-Korean wild vegetables were : Cassia tora L.(C.t), Lycium chinese Mill(L.c), Trichosanthes kirilowii Max(T.k), Polygonatum odoratum var. Pluriflorum Ohwi(P.o) and Arctium lappa L(A.l). Sixty male Spargue-Dawley rats(160-220g) were induced diabetes mellitus by streptozotocin injection into the tail vein and were devided into 6 groups : a diabetic control and 5-experimental groups. All groups of the rats were fed on a AIN-76 diet, and the 5-experimental groups were fed with each wild vegetable (10%) for four weeks. An increased tendency in body weight of all the groups was observed and the tendency was more significant in L.c, T.k. and P.o. groups. The organ weight of liver and kidney were higher in L.c. and A.l. groups and lower in T.k. group which has shown the improvement from diabetes. Plasma glucose levels were markedly decreased from the 1st week in C.t, T.k. and P.o. groups and the tendency has lasted throughout the four weeks experimental period. The consumption of P.o. has decreased plasma cholesterol level while any significant difference was not seen in plasma protein levels from all the experimental groups. The level of plasma triglyceride was decreased in P.o. group and the levels of plasma free fatty acids were also significantly lower in P.o. and T.k. groups. The liver protein levels were significantly higher in P.o. and T.k. groups and these two groups also showed the negative or relatively small amount of urinary glucose excretion. The experimental group of T.k. has revealed the decreased level of muscles protein and the increased level of muscle glycogen. The 5-Korean wild vegetables contained dietary fiber and 9-analyzed minerals comparable to the ordinary use vegetables.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제28권8호
• /
• pp.727-736
• /
• 1995

The hypoglycemic effect of Polygonatum odoratum var. Pluriflorum Ohwi was investigated after extracted with methanol. The methanol extract was fractionated into 4 layers ; hexane, chloroform, butanol and aqueous. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats(200-300g) were induced diabetes mellitus by the streptozotocin injection(45mg/kg B.W) into the tail vein and were divided into 5 groups ; diabetic control and 4 experimental groups. All groups of the rats were fed on a AIN-76 diet, and the 4 experimental groups were orally administered with each fraction(500mg/kg B.W) for 12 days and the diabetic control group was orally administered CMC. The body weight gain was monitered and the blood levels of glucose and cholesterol were measured. Levels of protein, triglyceride, and free fatty acid in plasma were analysed. The contents of protein, triglyceride and glycogen in liver and of protein and glycogen in muscle were also determined. The body weight gain was shown significantly higher in the H2O fraction group than that in the diabetic control group and the heart weight was greater in the CHCl3 group. The extents of blood glucose decrement were greater in the BuOH and H2O groups than that in the control group. The urinary glucose excretion was shown relatively small amount in the BuOH and H2O groups. The plasma cholesterol and protein levels were not influenced by these four fractions in diabetic rats. The liver glycogen level was significantly higher in the BuOH group. The results suggest that the orally administered BuOH and H2O fraction of Polygonatum odoratum var. Pluriflorum Ohwi exhibited hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.14-21
• /
• 2017

Gastric ulcer is a clinical symptom characterized by inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Stress and alcohol consumption have been identified as the major cause of gastric ulcer. However, the effects of silkworms on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer have not been studied yet. The mature silkworms that are difficult to eat have become easier to ingest due to recent technological development to make steaming and freeze-drying mature silkworm larval powder (SMSP). In this study, we investigated whether three silkworm varieties, Baekokjam, Golden-silk and Yeonnokjam could alleviate ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in vivo. Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with 3 SMSPs (0.1 or 1 g/kg BW) or normal diet (AIN-76A) were exposed to absolute ethanol (3 g/kg BW, 3 h) by oral gavage. Morphological examination included ulcer index as a measurement of hemorrhages and hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to analyze the severity of gastric ulcer. Results of macroscopic examination suggested that all 3 SMSPs pretreatment significantly protected gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced damage. Microscopic observations demonstrated significant mucosal erosion and inflammation in ethanol-treated rats, which was abrogated in rats pretreated with 3 SMSPs. In addition, pretreatment with all 3 SMSPs showed significant decreases the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, IL-6 and cyclooxygenase-2. Among SMSP from 3 varieties of silkworm, preadministration of 1 g/kg Baekokjam SMSP showed the most effective protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer. These results suggest that Baekokjam SMSP can be a potential gastroprotective agent against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.22-29
• /
• 2017

Increased alcohol consumption is a burden on the world because it is associated with various health problems. However, the effects of silkworms on alcohol metabolism have not been studied yet. The hard-to-eat mature silkworms have become easier to ingest recently due to the development of technology, steam-lyophilising mature silkworm larvae. In this study, we investigated and compared the effects of SMSPs from three silkworm varieties, Baekokjam, Golden-silk and Yeonnokjam weaving white, golden, and light green cocoons on alcohol metabolism in vivo. Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with three SMSPs (0.1 g/kg or 1 g/kg body weight) or normal diet (AIN-76A) for 2 weeks were subjected to intragastric administration of absolute ethanol (3 g/kg body weight, 3 h). Three SMSPs did not affect the final body weight and liver weight. All 3 SMSPs were effective to reduce the enzymes in alcohol metabolism, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and liver damage and enzymes involved in liver damage, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Among SMSP from 3 varieties of silkworm, preadministration of 1 g/kg Baekokjam SMSP showed the most effective suppressive effect on the activities of ADH, ALDH, AST and ALT. The Baekokjam SMSP contained higher amounts of beneficial amino acids than Golden-silk or Yeonnokjam SMSP. These results suggest that Baekokjam SMSP might be used as a new and promising candidate for improving alcohol metabolism and liver injury through promoting rapid alcohol metabolism.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.381-385
• /
• 2010

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), one of naturally occurring main components in cauliflower vegetables, is supposed to have a chemopreventive potential in experimental animals and humans. This study was investigated to examine chemopreventive effect of I3C on colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane (AOM) using C57BL/6J mice. Mice were divided into three groups (10 or 9 mice/group). All mice were subcutaneously injected with AOM (5 mg/kg body weight, four times at weekly interval). After AOM treatment, animals of group 1 were fed by AIN-76A pellets as a basal diet. Animals of groups 2 and 3 were given I3C containing diets (100 and 300 ppm in diets, respectively) for 6 weeks until sacrifice. All mice were sacrificed at week 10 and the aberrant crypt foci (ACF) of the colonic mucosa were assessed after staining with methylene blue. Total numbers of ACF/colon in group 2 ($10.1{\pm}5.1$) or group 3 ($10.6{\pm}5.3$) were decreased compared to the values of group 1 ($14.4{\pm}10.2$). Among numbers of ACF formation, 5, 7, 8 and 10 ACF in group 2 and 3 were greatly different those of group 1. Total numbers of aberrant crypts (AC)/colon of group 2 ($20.1{\pm}10.1$) or group 3 ($22.0{\pm}10.9$) were decreased compared to the value of group 1 ($33.7{\pm}24.7$). Taken together, it suggests that I3C treatment may retard mouse colon carcinogenesis even after administration of AOM.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.1115-1118
• /
• 2012

Diallyl sulfide (DAS), a flavoring compound derived from garlic, is considered to have cancer chemopreventive potential in experimental animals and humans. This study was designated to examine possible chemopreventive effects of DAS on colon carcinogenesis using genetically engineered transgenic $Apc^{Min/+}$ mice, a well-established animal model for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and sporadic colorectal cancer. Male C57BL/6J-$Apc^{Min/+}$ mice were divided into three groups. Animals of group 1 were placed on the basal diet (AIN-76A) as non-treated controls. Animals of groups 2 and 3 were given DAS-containing diets (in doses of 100 and 300 ppm, respectively). All mice were sacrificed at the end of week 10 of the experiment. Histopathological investigation revealed that the incidence of colonic polyps was decreased dose-dependently by 19% (13/16) in group 2 and by 32% (13/20) in group 3 compared to the 100% incidence (10/10) in group 1. The multiplicity of colonic polyps per mouse was also slightly decreased by DAS treatment ($1.88{\pm}0.35$ in group 2 and $1.63{\pm}0.36$ in group 3) compared to $2.00{\pm}0.39$ in group 1. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the numbers of total polyps per mouse in the small intestine between the groups. Taken together, we suggest that DAS may exert promising inhibitory effects on colon carcinogenesis in the transgenic $Apc^{Min/+}$ mice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제31권7호
• /
• pp.1093-1099
• /
• 1998

Dioscorea japonica Thunb its effects has been used in f31k remedies f9r various purposes including treatment of diabetes, on hypoglycemic actiity and energy metabolism were investigated. The plant was extracted with methanol(MeOH) and fractionated into four layers hexane, chloroform(CHCI$_3$), butanol(BuOH), and $H_2O$. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by the injection of streptozotocin(STZ) into tail vein at a dose of 45mg/kg body weight(BW). Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 160-200g were divided into five groups a diabetic control and four experimental groups such as hexane group, CHCl$_3$ group, BuOH group, and $H_2O$ group. The rats of all groups were fed on a AIN-76 diet and the four experimental groups were orally administered each fraction(500mg/kg BW) for 12 days. The diabetic control group was orally administered 5% carboxymethyl cellulose. The body weights were monitored and the concentrations of blood glucose were determined. The levels of glycogen and protein in liver were also measured. The plasma levels of cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and fee fatty acid(FFA) were also analysed. The body weight gain was higher in the $H_2O$ group than in the control group. Heart weight was significantly reduced by administrations of Dioscorea japonica Thunb. The extents of blood glucose decrement in BuOH and $H_2O$ group were greater than that found in the control group. The muscle protein levels showed significantly higher amounts in all experimental groups. Glycogen levels were higher in the BuOH group than in the control group. The levels of TG were decreased in all experimental groups and the levels of plasma FFA were lower in the BuOH group. The plasma cholesterol levels were not influenced by these four fractions in diabetic rats. These results suggest that the orally administered H2O fraction of Dioscorea japonica Thunb exhibited hypoglycemic effects in STZ induced diabetic rats. (Korean J Nutrition 31(7) : 1093-1099, 1998)