• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.800-805
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• 2012

Rice straw is an important roughage resource for ruminants in many rice-producing countries. In this study, a rice brittle mutant (BM, mutation in OsCesA4, encoding cellulose synthase) and its wild type (WT) were employed to investigate the effects of a cellulose synthase gene mutation on rice straw morphological fractions, chemical composition, stem histological structure and in situ digestibility. The morphological fractions investigation showed that BM had a higher leaf sheath proportion (43.70% vs 38.21%, p<0.01) and a lower leaf blade proportion (25.21% vs 32.14%, p<0.01) than WT. Chemical composition analysis showed that BM rice straw was significantly (p<0.01) higher in CP (crude protein), hemicellulose and acid insoluble ash (AIA) contents, but lower in dry matter (DM), acid detergent fiber (ADFom) and cellulose contents when compared to WT. No significant difference (p>0.05) was detected in neutral detergent fiber (NDFom) and ADL contents for both strains. Histological structure observation indicated that BM stems had fewer sclerenchyma cells and a thinner sclerenchyma cell wall than WT. The results of in situ digestion showed that BM had higher DM, NDFom, cellulose and hemicellulose disappearance at 24 or 48 h of incubation (p<0.05). The effective digestibility of BM rice straw DM and NDFom was greater than that of WT (31.4% vs 26.7% for DM, 29.1% vs 24.3% for NDFom, p<0.05), but the rate of digestion of the slowly digested fraction of BM rice straw DM and NDF was decreased. These results indicated that the mutation in the cellulose synthase gene could improve the nutritive value of rice straw for ruminants.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2011

최근 건설 프로젝트의 원활하고 효과적인 사업관리를 위하여 발주방식의 효율화에 대한 관심이 증대하고 있으며, 방대한 양의 정보에 대하여 효과적으로 통합관리를 위한 건물의 생애주기를 고려한 통합적인 계획이 요구된다. 이를 위하여 프로젝트 초기부터 각 분야의 협업이 필수적이나 기존의 발주방식의 경우 설계업체와 시공업체가 분리되어 계약되는 한계가 있다. 최근 미국의 경우 사업관리의 효율성 증대를 위해 Integrated Project Delivery를 제시하였고 관련 프로젝트 수행 사례가 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 국내의 경우에도 통합적인 프로젝트 관리를 위한 IPD의 도입 필요성이 커짐에 따라 실질적 도입 이전에 IPD의 개념과 원칙을 바탕으로 하여 도출된 핵심가치를 중심으로 건설업종에 종사하는 실무자들의 건설환경에 대한 현황과 인식을 파악하여 IPD의 도입을 위한 제약요인들을 파악하는 것을 목적으로 향후 IPD 관련 연구의 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2007년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.273-276
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• 2007

건설 산업은 다양하고 예측이 어려운 외부 요인에 노출되어 있기 때문에 클레임의 발생 가능성이 높다. 이러한 클레임은 그 준비 과정에서 많은 시간이 필요하고, 결과적으로 많은 비용을 소모하기 때문에 신속한 해결을 요하는 경우가 많다. 그러나 지금까지 클레임은 클레임이 발생한 상황에서 공기지연, 금액증가 등의 이유와 더불어 발주자 우위의 관습 하에서 향후 다른 사업을 발전, 진행, 수주하는데 있어서 방해가 되는 것으로 인식하여 좋지 않은 것, 있어서는 안 되는 것으로 인식되어 회피하려는 경향이 지배적이다. 그러나 클레임은 건설공사의 불확실성 상에서 불주자와 시공자의 이견이 발생한 경우 서로의 이익을 증진시키기 위한 것이다. 이렇게 클레임이 건설공사에서 필수 불가결한 것이라면, 이를 타당하게 혀결하기 위하여 클레임이 발생한 경우 어떻게 해결하는 것이 합리적인지 계약문서상에서 반드시 명시하여줄 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 우리나라의 국내 공공공사에서 일반적으로 사용하는 공사계약일반조건과 해외의 대표적인 계약문서들(FIDIC, AIA, CMAA)과 비교하여 공사계약일반조건 중 클레임의 발생가능성이 높은 변경에 관한 조항과 분쟁해결 조항의 개선방향을 제시하고자 한다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.53.1-53.1
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• 2019

We apply a non-equilibrium ionization (NEI) model to a supra-arcade plasma sheet, shocked plasma, and current sheet. The model assumes that the plasma is initially in ionization equilibrium at low temperature, and it is heated rapidly by a shock or magnetic reconnection. The model presents the temperature and characteristic timescale responses of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board Solar Dynamic Observatory and X-ray Telescope (XRT) on board Hinode. We compare the model ratios of the responses between different passbands with the observed ratios of a supra-arcade plasma sheet on 2012 January 27. We find that most of observations are able to be described by using a combination of temperatures in equilibrium and the plasma closer to the arcade may be close to equilibrium ionization. We also utilize the set of responses to estimate the temperature and density for shocked plasma associated with a coronal mass ejection on 2010 June 13. The temperature, density, and the line of sight depth ranges we obtain are in reasonable agreement with previous works. However, a detailed model of the spherical shock is needed to fit the observations. We also compare the model ratios with the observations of a current sheet feature on 2017 September 10. The long extended current sheet above the solar limb makes it easy to analyze the sheet without background corona. We find that the sheet feature is far from equilibrium ionization while the background plasma is close to equilibrium. We discuss our results with the previous studies assuming equilibrium ionization.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.181-208
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• 2021

본 연구는 최근 북미지역의 공공도서관 신축과 리모델링을 한 사례들 중에서 우수 건축 및 디자인상을 수상하였거나 우수 사례로 소개된 건축물을 대상으로 건축 경향을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 국내 공공도서관의 신축과 리모델링 과정을 위한 시사점들을 도출하여 향후 개관될 공공도서관 건축의 방향성을 제시하고자 하였다. 총 90곳의 우수 도서관들의 주요 건축적 특징에 대한 내용분석을 통해 여섯 개의 건축 경향을 도출하고 각 건축 경향별로 구체적인 사례들을 검토하였다. 끝으로 본 연구는 도출된 주요 건축경향이 국내 공공도서관 신축 혹은 리모델링 과정에서 시사하는 점들을 제시하고 관련 후속연구를 위해 몇가지 사항들을 제언하였다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.884-891
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• 2022

Objective: Free-range systems have been increasingly available to the consumer due to increased demand for more sustainable meat-products. In the current study, the effect of free-range (FR) and cage system (CS) was explored on growth performance, meat quality and oxidation products in Italian White breed rabbits during the growing-fattening phase (5 to 13 weeks of age). Methods: Forty rabbits were randomly allotted to two treatment groups according to the rearing system, and each treatment group was replicated five times with four subjects in each replicate (20 rabbits per treatment-group). All rabbits fed the same diet as pelleted, and under FR system, no additional feeds were available to animals. Results: Rearing system had significant effect on rabbit growth performance, where CS group resulted in higher final body weight (p<0.045) and gain (p<0.029) and better feed efficiency (p<0.025) compared to FR rabbits. Most carcass traits were not affected by rearing system; however, a reduction of abdominal fat content (p<0.015) and meat lipids (p<0.034) was observed in FR rabbits. Rearing system had no effects on meat fatty acid profile, whereas meat from FR rabbits resulted less susceptible to lipid and protein oxidation compared to caged animals. Conclusion: In overall, FR system could be suggested as a substitute for conventional caged system because of FR system preserved rabbit meat from oxidation.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.87-103
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• 2010

요즘 시중의 은행들은 전국적으로 확산된 지점망으로 많은 고객에게 금융 서비스를 제공하고 있으며, 관련 분야의 높은 경쟁으로 인해 서비스의 양과 질은 향상됨은 물론 고객의 돈을 다루는 업종의 특성상 높은 신뢰도를 바탕으로 고객을 유치하고 있다. 하지만, 이러한 발전에도 불구하고 소매금융을 주로 다루는 영업점에서의 은행창구 업무는 고객의 수요와 다양한 욕구를 충족시키지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 은행 창구의 문제점에 주목하고 은행 창구 업무를 프랜차이즈 사업으로 확대하여 은행과 가맹점간의 협력적 이익을 형성하여 영업점에 대한 영업비용의 절감을 추구하고, 점차 증가하는 고객 욕구에 대한 높은 수준의 만족을 제공하며, 사회적인 문제로 대두되고 있는 제 3 금융권에 대한 소비자의 인색을 재정립하는 등 소비자의 바람직한 금융문화 인식의 향상에 기여하고자 다음과 같은 제안을 하였다. 본 제안을 통해 은행본사와 가맹점간의 상호 협력으로 은행은 창구에 대한 영업비용의 절감과 고객 서비스의 질 향상, 고객은 편리하고 신속한 금융 서비스를 제공받고, 소상인의 금융산업으로 진출의 기회, 서민층에 대한 제 3 금융권의 피해 축소 등 사회적인 이익도 고려할 수 있으리라 기대된다. 또한 은행은 창구의 영업비용을 여유자금으로 전환하여 사업 범위를 확장하거나 기존의 약점을 보완할 수 있고, 고객은 현재 소매금융의 한정적인 부분에 효율적인 요소를 가미한 서비스를 받을 수 있으리라 기대된다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.260-266
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• 2013

This study for establishing specific standards of atrium design aims to discuss design of atrium to consider energy performance according to the types of atrium of office building. In order to evaluate a type and a scale of atrium at the early design stage, modeling details of mass design were set as standards of conceptual design. In the experiment, Project Vasari was used to analyze modeling and energy consumption, based on the LOD 100-step suggested by AIA, because there is no guideline to specify a level of modeling details at each design process. From this analysis, the correlation among a simple-typed atrium and scale and energy load was understood, and the followings are the considerations for designing an atrium. First, the single-sided atrium reduced energy the most, and it was followed by three-sided, two-sided, four-sided and continuous-typed ones. On the whole, they could decrease energy by up to about 15%. Also, the atrium with a wide facade facing in the south was more favorable to reduce energy. Second, planning an atria within 10~30% of the whole building area was more energy efficient. Third, rather than the depth, adjusting the length in designing an atrium could reduce cooling and heating loads by 1.5% per 1m. As explained above, energy performance evaluation considering types and planning elements of atrium helps to assess alternatives in a reasonable way. In particular, considering the use of building needs to be preceded to select a type of atrium, although it is also important to consider its planning elements.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.42.1-42.1
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• 2016

The formation process and the dynamical properties of a large-scale quasi-circular flare ribbon were investigated using the SDO AIA and HMI data along with data from RHESSI and SOT. Within one hour time interval, two subsequent M-class flares were detected from the NOAA 12371 that had a ${\beta}{\gamma}{\delta}$ configuration with one bipolar sunspot group in the east and one unipolar spot in the west embedded in a decayed magnetic field. Earlier M2.0 flare was associated with a coronal loop eruption, and a two-ribbon structure formed within the bipolar sunspot group. On the other hand, the later M2.6 flare was associated with a halo CME, and a quasi-circular ribbon developed encircling the full active region. The observed quasi-circular ribbon was strikingly large in size spanning 650" in north-south and 500" in east-west direction. It showed the well-known sequential brightening in the clockwise direction during the decay phase of the M2.6 flare at the estimated speed of 160.7 km s-1. The quasi-circular ribbon also showed the radial expansion, especially in the southern part. Interestingly, at the time of the later M2.6 flare, the third flare ribbon parallel to the early two-ribbon structure also developed near the unipolar sunspot, then showed a typical separation in pair with the eastern most ribbon of the early two ribbons. The potential field reconstruction based on the PFSS model showed a fan shaped magnetic configuration including fan-like field lines stemming from the unipolar spot and fanning out toward the background decayed field. This large-scale fan-like field overarched full active region, and the footpoints of fan-like field lines were co-spatial with the observed quasi-circular ribbon. From the NLFF magnetic field reconstruction, we confirmed the existence of a twisted flux rope structure in the bipolar spot group before the first M2.0 flare. Hard X-ray emission signatures were detected at the site of twisted flux rope during the pre-flare phase of the M2.0 flare. Based on the analysis of both two-ribbon structure and quasi-circular ribbon, we suggest that a tether-cutting reconnection between sheared arcade overarching the twisted flux rope embedded in a fan-like magnetic field may have triggered the first M2.0 flare, then secondary M2.6 flare was introduced by the fan-spine reconnection because of the interaction between the expanding field and the nearby quasi-null and formed the observed large-scale quasi-circular flare ribbon.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.555-564
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• 2002

Twenty Landrace and twenty Min piglets, with an average initial body weight of 22.4 kg, were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 animals per group, within each of the breeds. The piglets were housed in individual concrete pens. Each group of the piglets was fed one of 5 diets. The diets contained either 20% raw Argentine soybeans, 20% processed Argentine soybeans ($118^{\circ}C$ for 7.5 min.), 20% raw Chinese soybeans, 20% processed Chinese soybeans ($118^{\circ}C$ for 7.5 min.) or no soybean products (control diet). Faecal samples were collected on days 6, 7 and 8 of the treatment period. Digestibilities of dietary nutrients were determined with AIA (acid insoluble ash) as a marker. After a 17 day treatment, three piglets were killed from each of the groups. Tissue samples of small and large intestine for light and electron microscopy examination were taken immediately after the opening of abdomen. Then, the weight or size of relevant organs was measured. The results show that the digestibilities of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and fat were higher in Min piglets than in Landrace piglets (p<0.05). The diets containing processed soybeans had a significant higher CP digestibility than the control diet and the diets containing raw soybeans (p<0.05). Landrace piglets had heavier and longer small intestines, heavier kidneys and a lighter spleen than Min piglets (p<0.05). The pancreas of the animals fed the diets containing processed soybeans was heavier than that of the animals fed control diet (p<0.05) and the diets containing raw soybeans. But, the differences between raw and processed soybean diets were not significant. A significant interaction (p<0.05) between diet and pig breed was observed in weight of the small intestine. The Landrace piglets increased the weight in their small intestine when they were fed the diets containing soybeans. In the light micrographs and electron scanning micrographs, it was found that the villi of small intestinal epithelium of animals (especially Landrace piglets) fed the diets containing raw Chinese soybeans were seriously damaged. The transmission electron micrograph showed that a lot of vesicles were located between the small intestinal microvilli of these piglets. The histological examination also indicated that the proportion of goblet cells in villi and crypts in the piglets consuming the control diet was significantly lower (p<0.01 and p<0.02, respectively) than those of the animals consuming the diets containing raw or processed soybeans.