• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.77-82
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• 2012

With developments of architectural and information technologies at the knowledge-information oriented society in the 21st century, there are the needs on intelligent buildings equipped with advanced systems to integrate both technologies. The intelligent building means a smart building which provides comfortable environments, realizes fast and speed information and telecommunication network services, and maximizes work productivities by adopting various systems suitable to uses, sizes, and functions of buildings. In order to meet these needs of the times, the domestic intelligent building certification system has been enforced in 2006. Recently, the intelligent building certification system was newly revised for revitalizing the spread of intelligent buildings. Thus, this paper investigates rating criteria and assessment standards of the new certification system focused on office building projects and suggests strategies for obtaining certifications by analyzing cases which were certified on the previous version of the system.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to find the preconditions of BIM based new design process. As BIM technology improves, investigating new design process will become a greater priority. Our traditional, linear and fragmented design process is not freed from a long-pending questions of poorly coordinated drawings and low production efficiencies. Rather the traditional process is one of the major causes of such issues of low productivity. AIA and NIST proposed new design process to fulfill clients' need for fast and precise delivery recently. The common goal of these two should be better, faster and more precise project delivery created by integration. And we need to create collaborative concurrent design process to optimize the design efforts, But our local AE industry's circumstances are quite different with foreign countries. Therefore, integrated project system cannot be adopted as it stands in foreign countries. This paper will investigate preconditions to expedite the progress of BIM based design process in Korea.

• 발명특허
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.48-53
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• 2012

America Invents Act (이하 'AIA')는 미국의 특허법 역사상 가장 파격적인 수정법이라고 할 수 있다. 많은 규정이 변경되거나, 새로 제정되었는데, 그 중에서도 First-to-Invent(이하 'FTI')로부터 First-to-File(이하 'FTF') 제도로의 변화가 가장 중요한 변화이다. 다만, 미국의 새로운 FTI 제도는 여타 국가의 선출원 제도와 선출원을 한 출원인이 특허를 취득하게 된다는 기본 성격은 공유하되, 예외 규정을 두어 궁극적으로는 사뭇 틀린 독특한 제도를 채택하고 있다. 이 독특한 규정들을 정리해 보면 다음과 같다. 미국의 FTI는 엄격하게 말해 First-Inventor-to-File(이하 'FITF')이라 칭해지고 있다. 여기에는 여타국가와 달리 "Inventor"라는 것이 포함되어 있어 여전히 종전의 "True Inventorship"을 중요한 가치로 여긴다. 따라서, First-to-File이긴 하나, 여전히 진정한 발명자만이 특허를 취득할 수 있게 하는 제도라 할 수 있다.

• Korean Architects
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• no.4 s.348
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• pp.100-105
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• 1998

우리나라의 건축사제도나 건축법 그리고 건축관련 교육제도 등이 일본의 그것과 유사하거나 깊은 관련이 있음을 부정할 수 없다. 이는 건축 초기 법제정과정에서 일본의 건축제도를 참고할 수 밖에 없었던데도 원인이 있겠으나 같은 동양문화권으로서 역사나 문화가 유사한 것과도 깊은 관계가 있다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 같은 동양문화권이면서도 중국은 이미 건축가인증제도나 교육제도 등의 정비에 있어 구미식 모델, 특히 AIA의 제도를 도입하는 등 세계화에 따른 시장개방에 적극 대처하고 있는데 반하여 우리나라와 일본은 이에 크게 뒤지고 있는 듯한 감이 있다. 오는 4월 16일부터 19일까지 제주도 서귀포에서 열리는 동북아3국 건축사협의회에서는 시장개방 대응과 건축사자격상호인증 등을 주의제로 다루게 된다. 따라서 이러한 때에 우리와 제도적으로 매우 흡사한 일본의 건축관계 현황을 알고, 그것을 타산지석으로 삼아 앞으로의 대안을 수립하는데 참고가 되기를 바라는 뜻에서 일본의 건축계와 관련된 여러 가지 자료들을 소개하고자 한다.

• Advances in robotics research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2014

Microgripper is an essential device in the micro-operation system. It can convert other types of energy into mechanical energy and produce clamp movement with required chucking force, which enables it a broad application prospect in the domain of tiny components' processing and assembly, biomedicine and optics, etc. The performance of a microgripper is dependent on its power supply, type of drive, mechanism structure, sensing components, and controller. This paper presents a state-of-the-art survey of recent development on flexure-based microgrippers. According to the drive type, the existing microgrippers can be mainly classified as electrostatic microgripper, electrothermal microgripper, electromagnetic microgripper, piezoelectric microgripper, and shape memory alloy microgripper. Additionally, some different mechanisms, sensors, and control methods that are used in microgripper system are reviewed. The key issue of how to choose those components in microgripper system design is also addressed.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.52.2-52.2
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• 2019

Global map of solar surface magnetic field, such as the synoptic map or daily synchronic frame, does not tell us real-time information about the far side of the Sun. A deep-learning technique based on Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (cGAN) is used to generate farside magnetograms from EUVI $304{\AA}$ of STEREO spacecrafts by training SDO spacecraft's data pairs of HMI and AIA $304{\AA}$. Farside(or backside) data of daily synchronic frames are replaced by the Ai-generated magnetograms. The new type of data is used to calculate the Potential Field Source Surface (PFSS) model. We compare the results of the global field with observations as well as those of the conventional method. We will discuss advantage and disadvantage of the new method and future works.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.41.1-41.1
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• 2021

We generate solar magnetograms and EUV images from Galileo sunspot drawings using a deep learning model based on conditional generative adversarial networks. We train the model using pairs of sunspot drawing from Mount Wilson Observatory (MWO) and their corresponding magnetogram (or UV/EUV images) from 2011 to 2015 except for every June and December by the SDO (Solar Dynamic Observatory) satellite. We evaluate the model by comparing pairs of actual magnetogram (or UV/EUV images) and the corresponding AI-generated one in June and December. Our results show that bipolar structures of the AI-generated magnetograms are consistent with those of the original ones and their unsigned magnetic fluxes (or intensities) are well consistent with those of the original ones. Applying this model to the Galileo sunspot drawings in 1612, we generate HMI-like magnetograms and AIA-like EUV images of the sunspots. We hope that the EUV intensities can be used for estimating solar EUV irradiance at long-term historical times.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.691-696
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• 2009

Introduction: There are two types of asthma according to aspirin hypersensitivity: aspirin intolerant asthma (AIA) and aspirin tolerant asthma (ATA). The genetic risk factors that are related with asthma have been investigated intensively and extensively. However the combinatory effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have hardly been evaluated. In this paper we searched the best set of SNPs that are useful to diagnose the two types of asthma. Methods: We examined 246 asthmatic patients (94 having aspirin intolerant asthma and 152 having aspirin tolerant asthma) and analyzed 25 SNPs typed in them, which are suspected to be associated with asthma. Normalized mutual information values of combinations of typed SNPs are calculated, and those with high normalized mutual information values are selected. We use support vector machines to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the selected combinations. Results: The best combination model turns out four-locus and consists of ALOX5_p1_1708, B2ADR_q1_46, CCR3_p1_520, CysLTR1_p1_634. Its normalized mutual information value is 0.053 and the accuracy in predicting ATA disease risk among asthmatic patients is 71.14%.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.279-285
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• 1998

Fenitrothion-degrading microorganisms were isolated from 124 sampling sites of paddy, upland, forest and polluted soil, and wastewater. A total of 1,071 strains were isolated from each selective medium supplemented with 50mg/l of fenitrothion - nutrient agar (NA) 601, potato dextrose agar (PDA) 201, Actinomycetes isolation agar (AIA) 168 and basal salt medium (BSM) 101, respectively. Twenty-eight effective strains of them, which showed more than 80% degradation of fenitrothion by the gasliquid chromatography(GLC) analysis. were successfully selected from each liquid culture supplemented with 50mg/l of fenitrothion - NB 12(upland soil 3, paddy soil 3, forest soil 2, polluted soil 4), PDB 8(upland soil 1, paddy soil 2, forest soil 2, polluted soil 3) and PSB 8(upland soil 1, forest soil 1, polluted soil 6), respectively. Four strains - NPal, NFol, PFol and BPol, which have the most powerful degradation activity were finally selected among 28 fenitrothion-degrading microorganisms based on the degradation rate at the concentration of 100mg/l fenitrothion in enrichment media.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.367-377
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• 1995

The study of flocculation kinetics is of fundamental interest in the field of water treatment, because rational study of the factors affecting the coagulation process should be based on the rate of particle growth. The effect of sulfate on flocculation kinetics were examined using ferric nitrate as a coagulant to coagulate kaolin clay in water under several experimental conditions. Both the particle size distribution data obtained from the AIA and the on-line measurement of turbidity fluctuation by the PDA were used to measure flocculation kinetics. Results show that sulfate ion added to the kaolin suspension played an important role in the flocculation process, not only improving flocculation kinetics at more acidic pH levels but also changing surface charge of particles. The kinetics of flocculation were improved mainly by the enhanced rate and extent of Fe(III) precipitation attributed to the addition of sulfate, and thereby, better interparticle collision frequency, but little by the charge reductions resulting from the sulfate addition. The increase in sulfate concentration beyond $3\times10^{-4}M (up to 2\times10^{-3}M)$ did not induce further improvement in flocculation kinetics, although the higher concentrations of sulfate ion substantially increased the negative ZP value of particles. Key Words : Flocculation Kinetics, Fe(III) Coagulant, Sulfate ion, Turbidity Fluctuation.