• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to demonstrate reduction in stroke symptoms by analyzing the changes in respiratory function and activities of daily living (ADL) after respiratory muscle strengthening exercise in patients who had a stroke and thereby, propose an efficient exercise method. Methods: Twenty patients with hemiplegic stroke were divided into two groups, with 10 patients in each. The control group (CG) received the traditional exercise therapy, and the experimental group (EG) received the traditional exercise therapy combined with expiratory muscle strengthening training. The training continued for 6 weeks, 5 days a week. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1) were measured with a spirometer, $SpO_2$ was measured with a pulse oximeter, and ADL were assessed by using the modified Barthel index (MBI). A paired t test was applied to compare the differences before and after the intervention, and an independent t test was used to compare the differences between the groups. The level of statistical significance was set as ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: The changes in the FVC and FEV1 values within the group showed significant differences only in the EG (p<0.01). The between-group difference was statistically significant only for FVC and FEV1 in the EG (p<0.01). The changes in $SpO_2$ and MBI within the group showed significant differences only in the EG and CG (p<0.01). Between-group differences were statistically significant only for $SpO_2$ and MBI in the EG (p<0.05). Conclusion: The interventions with active patient involvement and combined breathing exercises had a positive impact on all the functions investigated in this study.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the patterns of activities of daily living (ADL) functional status and to examine the relationships between sense of coherence(SOC), depression, and uncertainty in gynecologic cancer patients who were receiving chemotherapy. Method: A prospective, longitudinal design with repeated measures was utilized. Women reported depression, SOC, and uncertainty at the beginning of the first cycle of chemotherapy, and they recorded ADL functional status everyday for two consecutive treatment cycles. the The instruments used were the Karnofsky Performance Status Index, Orientation to Life Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale-Adult Form. Result: Data from 42 women showed that the ADL functional status during the second cycle was better than that of the first cycle with significant improvement each week. However, it did not completely recover to the baseline level even three weeks after the treatment ended in both cycles. SOC was correlated with depression(r=-.64, p<.001) and uncertainty(r=-.62, p<.001). Uncertainty was related to depression (r=.66, p<.001) and to functional status during the second cycle(r=-.45, p<.05), while the scores of the functional status during the two cycles were not related. Conclusion: Changing patterns and level of functional status during the treatment phase would be useful information for cancer patients to prepare coping strategies for positive health outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.229-240
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• 2008

Purpose: To develop the patient classification system based on the resource utilization for reimbursement of long-term care hospitals in Korea. Method: Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA) conducted a survey in July 2006 that included 2,899 patients from 35 long-term care hospitals. To calculate resource utilization, we measured care time of direct care staff (physicians, nursing personnel, physical and occupational therapists, social workers). The survey of patient characteristics included ADL, cognitive and behavioral status, diseases and treatments. Major category criteria was developed by modified delphi method from 9 experts. Each category was divided into 2-3 groups by ADL using tree regression. Relative resource use was expressed as a case mix index (CMI) calculated as a proportion of mean resource use. Result: This patient classification system composed of 6 major categories (ultra high medical care, high medical care, medium medical care, behavioral problem, impaired cognition and reduced physical function) and 11 subgroups by ADL score. The differences of CMI between groups were statistically significant (p<.0001). Homogeneity of groups was examined by total coefficient of variation (CV) of CMI. The range of CV was 29.68-40.77%. Conclusions: This patient classification system is feasible for reimbursement of long-term care hospitals.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.637-645
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the occurrences and the factors contributing to constipation in the post surgical period following major orthopedic surgery. Methods: The sample included 133 patients who had surgery of the hip, knee, or spine. Patients were excluded from the study if there was a history of bowel surgery or constipation from chart review. Data were collected using questionnaires such as Korean version of Modified Barthel index (K-MBI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS) before surgery and on the third postoperative day. Results: Reports of constipation occurred in 77 instances (57.9%). The first reported defecation was within $4.0{\pm}2.2days$ following surgery. Mean days of first defecation of constipation group vs. non-constipation group was $5.5{\pm}1.7days$ vs. $2.1{\pm}1.0days$. There were statistically significant differences between patients who reported than those who did not in terms of age, length of NPO period, postoperative ADL, and the reported incidents of preoperative and postoperative depressive symptoms. Postoperative ADL, age, and NPO period were significant influencing factors of constipation and explained 52.4% of the variance. Conclusion: Constipation is a very common symptom for patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. These results indicate a need for improving patient's ADL after surgery to prevent constipation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.15-24
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effects of task-oriented training program on balance, activities of daily living(ADL) performance, and self-efficacy in stroke patients. Method : Two subjects with stroke in experimental group participated in the task-oriented training program, while two subjects with stroke in control group received traditional rehabilitation therapy for 4 weeks, 30 minutes per session, four times per week. The task-oriented training program consisted of four tasks with 4 difficulty levels. In two groups, balance was examined with using the Berg Balance Scale(BBS), ADL performance was examined with using the Modified Barthel Index(MBI), and Self Efficacy was evaluated with using the Self-Efficacy scale(SES) before and after 4-week training. Result : After 4 weeks training, all scores of measurement variables increased in both the experimental group and the control group, but the average rates of change differed between the two groups. After the training program, the scores of BBS, MBI, and SES in experimental group increased to 11.4%, 9.9%, 15.4%, respectively than pre-training. Conclusion : According to the results of this study, task-oriented training program might be proposed as a intervention to improve balance ability, ADL performance, and self-efficacy in stroke patients.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.193-203
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between depression and physical health of the elderly and to provide fundamental data for programs which improve the health of this population. The subjects were 168 elderly people(55 years and older) who resided at home in Taegu. They were surveyed by interview using a closed- ended questionnaire. The survey was done from September 16 to October 16 in 2000. The instruments used in this study were general characteristics, Short form Geriatric Depression Scale(SGDS), Barthel Index, Muscular skeletal symptoms scale, Northern Illinois University's Health Self Rating Scale. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, multiple regression with SPSS PC 10.0 version for Windows. The findings were as follows: 1. As compared 65-74 years elderly group, 75-84 years group was significantly higher score for depression(F=3.17, p=.026). As compared elderly group who has own spouse, the group who has no own spouse was significantly higher score for depression(t=- 2.44, p=.016). 2. The aged who have more limitation of Activities of Daily Living(ADL)(t=3.93, p=.000), pain of muscular skeletal symptoms(F=5.33, p=.002) and poor perceived health state(F=17.04, p=.000) showed the higher severity of depression than the aged who have not. 3. ADL correlated negatively with depression(r=- .293, p=.000), pain of muscular skeletal symptoms correlated positively(r=.251, p=.001), perceived health status correlated negatively(r=-.522, p=.000). 4. The combination of perceived health status and ADL explained 29.1% of the varience of depression. On the basis of the above findings the following recommendations are made; 1. Developing health programs is needed considering ADL, pain of muscular skeletal symptoms, perceived health status, demographic variables (age, spouse status) which have an significant effects on depression of the elderly. 2. In the following study, the use of the various scale is needed which reflects physical status of the elderly in home.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.232-241
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• 2007

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the health-related quality of life of caregivers for demented elders. Method: The subjects of this study were 170 pairs of demented elders and their caregivers. Socio-demographic characteristics of the demented elders and the caregivers, Barthel index and SF-36 were used in this study. Data analysis procedure included t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: The score of overall health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was 288.62 in norm-based scoring. The major factors that affect HRQoL of the demented elders' caregivers were burden, the age of the caregiver, ADL and gender of the demented elder, and these factors explained 34.5% of HRQoL. Conclusion: The factors significantly affecting the caregivers' HRQoL were burden, the age of the caregiver and ADL. The effective social support system should be considered in respective nursing interventions to decrease the level of burden and to increase HRQoL in demented elders' caregivers. Further studies and efforts will be needed to investigate preceding factors of burden and HRQoL.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.146-151
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• 2020

Purpose: To identify the effect of breathing training on the physical function and psychological problems in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: In total, 26 patients with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the experimental group, who underwent breathing training and neurodevelopmental treatment, and the control group, who underwent neurodevelopmental treatment (13 patients per group). Physical function was evaluated using the balance and Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Psychological problems were assessed using the Depression. Balance was measured using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). ADLs were measured using the Modified Barthel Index (MBI). Depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The BBS, MBI, and BDI were recorded before and after the 4-week treatment. Results: As a result of comparison within groups, the experimental and control group showed significant difference for BBS, MBI and BDI after the experiment (p<0.05). In comparison between two groups, the experimental group showed more significant difference in BBS, MBI and BDI than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that breathing training was effective improvement physical function, and psychological problems in patients with chronic stroke.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.34-45
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• 2003

A 'pusher syndrome' encompassing postural imbalance and hemi-neglect is believed to aggravate the prognosis of stroke patients. The patients with pusher syndrome show a particular posture that pushing away from the unaffected side of the body. The objective of this study was to investigate associated proprioception, associated neuro-psychological symptoms and characteristics of functional outcome with and without pusher syndrome. The subjects of this study were 58 acute stroke patients who been rehabilitated at two university hospitals in Seoul and Buchun. Data were collected using proprioception test and line bisection test. The ability of ADL was assessed by the Modified Barthel Index, transfer by the Functional Independence Measure, and balance by the Modified Motor Assessment Scale. The results were that significant difference was found in the presence of proprioception, in the incidence of hemineglect and anosognosia, and in the score of ADL, transfer and balance between patients with and without pusher syndrome. Patients without pusher syndrome gained more motor score than patients with pusher syndrome. From improvement of view, patients with pusher syndrome gained the lowest score in ability of transfer. The finding suggest that the patients with pusher syndrome is a poorer functional outcome, be related to proprioception, hemineglect and anosognosia.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.466-476
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore characteristics of eating behavior according to level of functional status of elders with dementia (EWD), and to examine feeding time, change in food intake and body mass index (BMI) according to eating behavior. Methods: Participants were 149 EWD residing in long-term care facilities located in Seoul or Gyeonggi province and evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Exam-Korean version, Korean version-Activities of Daily Living, and Eating Behavior Scale (EBS). Feeding time, change in food intake, and BMI were also measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0, specifically descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Chi-square test. Results: Participants' mean EBS score was $10.43{\pm}6.01$ and half of them (54.4%) needed moderate or total assistance while eating. The EBS score was significantly lower for elders with severe dementia compared to those with mild or moderate dementia; and elders with severe ADL dependence compared to those with mild or moderate ADL dependence. Lower EBS scores were related to longer feeding time, a greater the rate of participants with decreased food intake and 'underweight' BMI. Conclusion: Nursing intervention programs which are designed for EWD are needed to maintain functional eating skills and prevent negative consequences in this population.