• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.82-95
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• 1998

In this paper, two series of numerical simulations are performed using LS/DYNA3D: The first series of numerical simulations are collision events between a 310,000 DWT double hull VLCC (struck ship) and two 35,000 and 105,000 DWT tankers (striking ships). Collisions are assumed to occur at the middle of the VLCC with the striking ships moving at right angle to the YLCC centerline. The second ones, grounding accidents of two 40,000 DWT Conventional and Advanced Double Hull lanker bottom structures, CONV/PD328 and ADH/PD328 models. The overall objective of this study is to understand the structural failure and energy absorbing mechanisms during collision and grounding events for double hull tanker side and bottom structures, which lead to the initiation of inner shell rupture and cause the kinetic energy dissipation to bring the ship to a stop. These numerical simulations will contribute to the estimation of damage extents of collision and grounding accidents and the future improvements in lanker safety at the design stage.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2017

Increased alcohol consumption is a burden on the world because it is associated with various health problems. However, the effects of silkworms on alcohol metabolism have not been studied yet. The hard-to-eat mature silkworms have become easier to ingest recently due to the development of technology, steam-lyophilising mature silkworm larvae. In this study, we investigated and compared the effects of SMSPs from three silkworm varieties, Baekokjam, Golden-silk and Yeonnokjam weaving white, golden, and light green cocoons on alcohol metabolism in vivo. Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with three SMSPs (0.1 g/kg or 1 g/kg body weight) or normal diet (AIN-76A) for 2 weeks were subjected to intragastric administration of absolute ethanol (3 g/kg body weight, 3 h). Three SMSPs did not affect the final body weight and liver weight. All 3 SMSPs were effective to reduce the enzymes in alcohol metabolism, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and liver damage and enzymes involved in liver damage, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Among SMSP from 3 varieties of silkworm, preadministration of 1 g/kg Baekokjam SMSP showed the most effective suppressive effect on the activities of ADH, ALDH, AST and ALT. The Baekokjam SMSP contained higher amounts of beneficial amino acids than Golden-silk or Yeonnokjam SMSP. These results suggest that Baekokjam SMSP might be used as a new and promising candidate for improving alcohol metabolism and liver injury through promoting rapid alcohol metabolism.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 1994

Membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) was purified to homogeneous state fron an acetic acid producing bacteria, Acetobacter sp. HA. The enzyme was purified about 153-fold with an overall yield of 35% from the crude cell extract by solubilization and extraction of the enzyme with Triton X-100 and subsequent fractions by column chromatography. Upon sodium dodecyl sulphate-PAGE, the enzyme showed the presence of three subunits with a molecular mass of 79,000 daltons, 49,000, and 45,000 daltons, respectively. Absorption oxidized aliphatic alcohols with a straight carbon chain except for methanol. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and glutaraldehyde were also oxidizable substrates. The apparent $K_m$ for ethanol was 1.38mM. The optimun pH and temperature were 5.0~6.0 and 32${\circ}C$, respectively. $V_2O_5$ and heavy metals such as $ZnCl_2\;and\; NiCl_2$ were inhibitory to the enzyme activity.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.349-355
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• 2013

SC092 strain, producing a polysaccharide degrading enzyme, was isolated from the seawater. This strain was identified as Microbulbifer sp. using the comparative sequence analysis against known 16S rRNA sequence. A polysaccharide degrading enzyme from this strain was used to acquire the enzymatic extracts of Sargassum fulvellum. DPPH radical scavenging and SOD activity of the enzyme extracts of S. fulvellum were about 61.9% and 82.9% at 2 mg/mL, respectively. Nitrite scavenging activities was 52.5% at 2 mg/mL on pH 1.2. In addition, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity was also increased in a dose-dependent manner and was about 52.7% at 2 mg/mL. To determine the influence of enzyme extracts of S. fulvellum on alcohol metabolism, the generating activity of reduced-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) were measured. ADH and ALDH activities were 118.0% and 177% at 2 mg/mL, respectively. ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of enzyme extracts of S. fulvellum was remarkably increased in a dose-dependent manner and was about 52.7% at 2 mg/mL. These results indicate alcoholizing and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities can be enhanced by the enzymatic extracts of S. fulvellum.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.363-368
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate several physiological activities of 4 sweet persimmon cultivar leaf water extracts. One new cultivar ('Hongchu' (HC)]) and three traditional cultivars ('Sangseojosaeng' (UW), Japanese Uenishiwase; 'Seochonjosaeng' (NW), Japanese Nishimurawase; and 'Buyu' (FY), Japanese Fuyu) were used in this study. The HC extract showed significantly higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity than the other extracts, while the FY extract exhibited a relatively higher alcohol dehydrogenase activity. The HC extract contained higher amount of phenolics and ascorbic acid. These results suggest the possibility of high-quality persimmon leaf tea development using the new sweet persimmon cultivar, HC.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.245-251
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• 2000

In order to search the target organ of cylclohexane toxicity, the rats were intraperitoneally treated with cyclohexane (1.56 g/kg of body wt.) four times every other day. In the increasing rate of organ weight per body weight (%) in cyclohexane-treated animals, the lung was highest among the liver, spleen, small intestine, stomach, heart and kidney. And in the decreasing rate of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) activity in each organ, that of lung was also highest among all organs. Lung MDA content was significantly increased (p<0.05) by the cyclohexane treatment. On the other hand, microsomal aniline hydroxylase activity in lung tissue both of control and cyclohexane-treated rats was greatly low as could be scarcely measured, but that in liver possessing high activity was significantly increased (p<0.05) in cyclohexane-treated rats compared with control. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in lung was markedly higher than that of liver and the latter was significantly (p<0.05) increased by the cyclohexane treatment. In conclusion, cyclohexane treatment to the rats showed mainly lung toxicity and it may be responsible for cyclohexanon, cyclohexane metabolite, distributed from liver.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1539-1545
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• 2010

In beer, glutathione works as the main antioxidant compound, which also correlates with the stability of the beer flavor. In addition, high residual sugars in beer contribute to major nonvolatile components, which are reflected in a high caloric content. Therefore, in this study, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GSH1 gene encoding glutamylcysteine synthetase and the Saccharomycopsis fibuligera ALP1 gene encoding ${\alpha}$-amylase were coexpressed in industrial brewing yeast strain Y31 targeting the ${\alpha}$-acetolactate synthase (AHAS) gene (ILV2) and alcohol dehydrogenase gene (ADH2), resulting in the new recombinant strain TY3. The glutathione content in the fermentation broth of TY3 increased to 43.83 mg/l as compared with 33.34 mg/l in the fermentation broth of Y31. The recombinant strain showed a high ${\alpha}$-amylase activity and utilized more than 46% of the starch as the sole carbon source after 5 days. European Brewery Convention tube fermentation tests comparing the fermentation broths of TY3 and Y31 showed that the flavor stability index for TY3 was 1.3-fold higher, whereas its residual sugar concentration was 76.8% lower. Owing to the interruption of the ILV2 gene and ADH2 gene, the contents of diacetyl and acetaldehyde as off-flavor compounds were reduced by 56.93% and 31.25%, respectively, when compared with the contents in the Y31 fermentation broth. In addition, since no drug-resistant genes were introduced to the new recombinant strain, it should be more suitable for use in the beer industry, owing to its better flavor stability and other beneficial characteristics.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.610-615
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• 2010

Alcohol is the most widely psychoactive drug and has known in almost all civilization since ancient time. Recently increase consuming alcoholic beverages, alcohol is on of the major public health problems in the world. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) play important roles in the metabolism of alcohols and aldehydes. The drink consists of medicinal herbs, Puerariae Radix, Phyllostachyos Folium, Citri Pericarpium, Polygonati Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Rhizoma (Vinegar), which have been widely used in oriental medicine. This study was designed to investigate effects of medicinal herbal drink (MHD) on alcohol metabolism in drunken SD rats subjects. In experiment, rats were treated to ethanol (EtOH, 3 g/kg, PO) at 60 min. after saline (CON) or MHD (1 ml/kg, PO) administration. The blood alcohol concentration (BAC), blood acetaldehyde concentration (BALC) activities of ADH, ALDH, AST and ALT were significantly decreased in MHD group than in control group as a time-dependent manner. And drinking water volume in MHD group with duplicate treatment, were significantly decreased than in CON group. These results suggested that MHD intake could give an influence upon the reduction in BAC and BALC may alleviate acute ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by altering alcohol metabolic enzyme activities.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2006

Ethanol abuse is associated with liver injury, neurotoxicity, modulation of immune responses, and increased risk for cancer, whereas moderate ethanol consumption exerts protective effects against liver injury. However, the underlying signal transduction mechanisms of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) which play an important regulatory role in various metabolism mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated the effects of ethanol-induced p42/44 activity on IGF-I secretion, IGF-I receptor and IGFBP-1 secretion using radioimmunoassay and western blotting in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. The p42/44 activity, IGF-I secretion and IGF-I receptor activity significantly accelerated compared to control at 10 and 30 min after 200 mM ethanol treatment, but then it became suppressed at 180 min. In contrast, IGFBP-1 secretion was inhibited compared to control at 30 min after 200 mM ethanol treatment, but increased at 180 min. The IGF-I secretion, IGF-I receptor and p42/44 activity at 30 min after 200 mM ethanol treatment accelerated with increasing ethanol concentration but IGFBP-1 secretion inhibited (p<0.05). The increased IGF-I secretion, inhibited IGFBP-1 secretion and IGF-IR activity by ethanol-induced temporal p42/44 activity at 30 min after ethanol treatment was blocked by treatment with PD98059. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitor, 4-methylpyramazole blocked the changes of IGF-I secretion, IGFBP-1 secretion, and IGF-IR activity by ethanol-induced p42/44 activity at 30 and 180 min. Taken together, these results suggest that ethanol is involved in the modulation of IGF-I and IGFBP-1 secretion and IGF-IR activity by p42/44 activity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. In addition, changing of p42/44 activity by ethanol was caused with ADH.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.818-827
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of freeze-dried Gastrodiae rhizoma powder (GR) on the liver function and alcohol metabolism in alcohol treated rats. Methods: The rats were administered various concentrations of GR (100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg/kg B.W.) for 3 days 1 hour before 50% (v/v) ethanol (3 g/kg B.W.) administration. Two tests focusing on liver function and alcohol metabolism in acute alcohol treatment were carried out. Results: Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity was significantly increased by alcohol treatment, and was decreased by 100 mg GR administration. Acute ethanol treatment led to significant increase in alcohol and acetaldehyde levels of serum and liver. However, 100 mg GR administration led to a significant reduction in increased alcohol level in the serum with decreased alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and increased acetaldehyde level in liver was significantly reduced by three levels. Conclusion: These results suggest that GR can be effective in enhancing liver function and alcohol metabolism in the alcohol-treated rats. Studies on the appropriate dosage of GR should further be developed to treat alcohol detoxification and stimulate liver function.