• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1992

점박이응애(Tetranychus urticae Koch)에 대한 독성시험방법을 비교하고, 감수성계통을 누대도태하여 in vivo에서 저항성 발달수준과 in vitro에서의 AChE insensitivity의 관계를 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 점박이응애의 살비제 저항성 수준결정의 독성시험방법중 slide dip법 (CV=8.7%)은 leaf dip법(CV=12.2%) 이나 leaf disc법(CV=13.6%)보다 변이가 적고 정확도가 높을 뿐만 아니라 처리방법이 간편하고 한가지 농도에 대하여 여러 계통을 동시에 처리할 수 있고 처리 후의 조건을 균일하게 유지시킬 수 있으며 기주식물 없이 시험이 가능하였다. topical application법(CV=8.1%) 역시 정확도는 높았으나 시험 조작이 어렵고 필요한 장비의 구입 비용이 더 들며 시간이 많이 소요되는 단점이 있었다. 두 유기인제에 의한 누대도태결과 22세대 carbophenothion 도태개체군은 동일약제에 156배의 저항성이 발달하였으며, ethion에 대하여 128배의 저항성 반응을 보였다. 24세대 ethion 도태개체군은 동일약제에 64.1배의 저항성 발달이 되었으며, carbophenothion에 대하여도 65배의 저항성 반응을 보였다. 도태개체군의 AChE 활성저해도를 보면 감수성계통에 비하여 carbophenotion 누대계통은 carbohenothion은 3.3배, ethion은 2.7배의 활성저해도를 보였다. 또한 ethion 도태개체군에 대해서는 ethion은 2.6배 carbophenothion은 3.0배의 활성저해도를 나타냈다. 위와 같이 in vivo에서의 저항성 발달 수준과 in vitro에서의 AChE 저해도와는 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 보아 유기인계 살비제에 대한 점박이응애의 저항성 발현에는 AChE의 insensitivity가 주요인으로 작용하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.318-323
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• 2010

아세틸콜린에스터라아제(AChE) 저해제에 의한 아세틸콜린 분해 억제는 알츠하이머 질병의 가장 확실한 치료 방법 중의 하나로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 최근 웰빙 건강 소재로 각광을 받고 있는 과일과 채소로부터 새로운 AChE 저해제를 개발하여 항치매 식품이나 대체 의약품 생산에 응용하기 위해 과일과 채소로부터 AChE 저해 활성이 우수한 시료를 선별하고, AChE 저해 물질의 추출조건을 최적화하였다. AChE 저해 활성은 호두의 메탄올 추출물에서 72.6% ($IC_{50}=14.2\;{\mu}g$)로 가장 높았고, 호두의 AChE 저해 물질은 80% 메탄올로 $40^{\circ}C$에서 12시간 동안 처리하였을 때 가장 많이 추출되었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.314-317
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• 2016

To develop a new anti-dementia acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor from edible mushrooms, AChE inhibitory activities were determined on water and ethanol extracts of various edible mushrooms from oriental medicine markets and agriculture markets. As a result, the 70% ethanol extract from Pholiota adiposa fruiting body had the highest AChE inhibitory activity of 30.6, and its water extract also had an AChE inhibitory activity of 23.8%. Therefore, we finally selected P. adiposa as a potent anti-dementia AChE inhibitor-containing mushroom. The AChE inhibitor of P. adiposa was maximally extracted when its fruiting body was treated with water for 3hr at $70^{\circ}C$ and 70% ethanol for 12 hr at $70^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1325-1330
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• 2008

This study was carried out with the detection for multiresidue of the carbamate pesticide such as carbaryl and cabofuran by enzyme-inhibition method. The check time for determination of acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity was selected at 60 sec. The AChE activity in chicken brain determined by the Ellman's method was $162{\mu}$mol/min/g protein. $I_{50}$ for AChE by carbamate pesticide with wet kit was 0.169mg/L of carbaryl and 0.089mg/L of cabofuran, respectively. The incubation time for enzyme kit with substrate kit was 30min for determination of AChE activity. Enzyme kit with substrate kit was stable at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;25^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. Limit detection concentration of carbaryl with dry kit for AChE was 0.05mg/L. The dry kit such as wet kit applied Enzyme-Inhibition(EI) method with AChE was confirmed the multi residue method to detect the carbamate pesticides.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.18-28
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• 1991

집파리(Musca domestica L.)외 3종 곤충으로부터 0.01 M sodium phosphate buffer를 이용하여 AChE를 분리, 추출할 때 AChE의 안정성 및 buffer capacity를 고려한 적정 pH는 7.5였으며, 0.1M sidium phosphate buffer의 기질 수용액으로 AChE의 활성을 측정할 경우 효소의 활성화와 buffer capacity를 고려했을 때 pH는 7.5가 적합한 조건이었다. AChE 분리.추출을 위한 조직의 마쇄시에는 Potter Elvehjem homogenizer를 사용하였으며, 마쇄액을 원심분리하여 AChE현탁액을 조제할 때 집파리의 경우에는 성충 두부700g 상등액을, 벼멸구(Nilaparvata lugens Stal)는 5령 약충 전충체의 700g 상등액을, 배추좀나방 (Plutella xylostella L.)의 경우에는 5령 유충 전충체의 지질을 제거한 10,000g 상등액을, 그리고 담배거세미나방(Spodoptera litura F.)의 경우에는 4령 유충.두부의 700g 상등액을 AChE 0.2~0.5U 정도로 조정하여 효소원으로 사용하는 것이 대량조제, 추출수율 및 활성 측정상의 안정성등을 고려할 때 합리적인 것으로 조사되었다. 4종 곤충의 AChE현탁액을 $-18^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 냉동보관할 경우 3주까지는 90% 이상의 활성이 유지되었다. 집파리, 벼멸구 및 배추좀나방 AChE의 Km 값은 각각 0.042, 0.037 및 0.043 mM이었으며, 고농도에서 AChE 특이적 기질 저해 현상이 관찰되었으나 담배거세미나방 ChE의 경우에는 1.15 mM의 Km값을 가지며 BuChE적 특성을 보이는 듯 하나 추가실험이 요구된다. 각 곤충의 AChE를 대상으로 한 저해실험시의 적정 기질농도는 집파리, 벼멸구, 배추좀나방의 경우에는 공히 0.5 mM 그리고 담배거세미나방의 경우는 12 mM 이었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제43권8호
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• pp.573-578
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• 2010

Several organophosphorus (OP) insecticides can selectively kill the silkworm maggot, Exorista sorbillans (Es) (Diptera: Tachinidae), while not obviously affecting the host (Bombyx mori) larvae, but the mechanism is not yet clear. In this study, the cDNA encoding an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from the field Es was isolated. One point mutation (Gly353Ala) was identified. The Es-353G AChE and Es-353A AChE were expressed in baculovirus-insect cell system, respectively. The inhibition results showed that for eserine and Chlorpyrifos, Es-353A AChE was significantly less sensitive than Es-353G AChE. Meanwhile, comparison of the I50 values of eserine, dichlorvos, Chlorpyrifos and omethoate of recombinant Es AChEs with its host (Bombyx mori) AChEs indicated that, both Es AChEs are more sensitive than B. mori AChEs. The results give an insight of the mechanism that some OP insecticides can selectively kills Es while without distinct effect on its host, B. mori.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.706-716
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of age and dietary linolenic acid content and the linolenic acid/linoleic acid (LAN/LA) ratio on the brain lipid composition and membrane-bound enzyme, acetylcholinesterase(AchE) activities. AchE was selected as a test case for the relationship between cell lipid composition and cell membrane function. The male rats were fed diets with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 of LNA/LA ratio within 8% LNA(H-LNA) or 4% LNA(L-LAN) of total fatty acid content for different feeding period(1, 4, 12 month). The fats used s source were sesame oil, perilla oil, soybean oil and beef tallow. The AchE activity of brain crude synaptosomal fraction was reduced with advancing age, showing 20-30% reduction in 12M compared with 1 M, and the P/C ratio was reduced in old rats. In 1 and 4 monthed rats, AchE activites was higher in H-LAN-0.2 and L-LNA-0.2 and 0.4 group. In accordance with rising of AchE activities was higher in H-LNA-0.2 and L-LNA-0.2 and 0.4 group. In accordance with rising of AchE activities, the PC/PE ratio increasedin those groups. Paricularly in L-LNA, the PC/PE ratio increased as the AchE activites for decline of membrane fluidity with increasing cholesterol and decreasing P/C ratio when rats were old. Also, AchE activity increaed with increasing PC/PE ratio which depended on the dietary LNA/LA ratio within each LNA content. Therefore, it is concluded that the lipid composition of cell membrane influenced the AchE activiteis, which was mediated by aging and the modification of dietary LNA/LA ratio.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.131-134
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• 2008

Objective: The surgical approach for anterior choroidal artery (AChA) aneurysm is typically similar to those used for other supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) lesions. However, the surgical clipping of this aneurysm is complicated and as a result. can result in postoperative ischemic complications. The purpose of this study was to clarify the risk of clip-induced ischemic complication in AChA aneurysm and to get the benefits for helping decision making. Methods: We retrospectively investigated 53 cases (4.0%) of AchA aneurysm treated surgically. We divided the AChA aneurysm to 3 subtype according to the origin of aneurysmal neck; A type originating from the AChA itself. J type from junction of AChA and ICA and I type from the ICA itself. We evaluated brain CT about 1 week post-operative day to confirm the low density in AChA territory. Results: Ruptured aneurysm was 26 cases and unruptured aneurysm 27 cases. The aneurysmal subtype of A, J, and I was 13, 17, and 23 cases. Of the 53 cases who performed surgical neck clipping, twelve (22.6%) had postoperative AChA distribution infarcts. Increased infarct after neck clipping had statistic significance in non-I subtype (r=0.005) Conclusion: AChA aneurysm surgery carries a significant risk of postoperative stroke. Don't always stick to clipping only, especially in non-I type of incidental small aneurysm, which has high risk of post-clip ischemic complications.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.121-134
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this in vivo study is to observe anti-amnesic effects of Yeongkyekamjotanggayonggolmoryo (YGYM), a novel mixed herbal prescription, Ossis Mastodi and Ostreae Testa added Yeongkyekamjo-tang, on scopolamine induced amnesia in C57BL/6 mice through acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) mRNA expression, and antioxidant effects. Methods: Six groups, total 20 intact or 100 Sco treated mice were used in this study after one week of acclimatization period. Half the animals were used for passive avoidance task tests and hippocampus ACh content, AChE activity, and ChAT mRNA expression were measured. The other half was subjected to an underwater maze test and then the cerebral cortex antioxidant defense system was measured. Results: In the passive avoidance experiment, there was significant decrease in residence time in the bright room and in the underwater maze test, escape latency to escape from the esophagus significantly increased compared with the normal control group. At the final sacrifice, ACh content and ChAT mRNA expression decreased, AChE activity increased, and cerebral cortical MDA increased GSH content, SOD and CAT activity in Sco control mice, as compared to intact vehicle control mice. However, these Sco treatment-related memory loss through AChE activation destroyed the cerebral cortex antioxidant defense system, and was inhibited dose-dependently by 28 days consecutive oral pretreatments of YGYM extracts 500, 250, 125 mg/kg. Conclusions: In the above results, YGYM extract that oral administration of YGYM extracts alleviates the antioxidant defense system, through preservation of ACh mediated by upregulation of ChAT mRNA expression, and increase of AChE inhibition and brain antioxidant defense systems.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2006

Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), which accumulates in atherosclerotic arteries, has been reported to inhibit endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) in many different species. However, the underlying mechanism of LPC-induced inhibition of EDR is still uncertain. In the present study, we measured simultaneously both isometric tension and cytosolic free $Ca^{2+}$ ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) in rabbit carotid strips, and examined the effect of LPC on tension and $[Ca^{2+}]_i$. In carotid strips with intact-endothelium, high $K^+$ (70 mM) increased both tension and $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, and cumulative addition of acetylcholine (ACh) from 0.1 to $10{\mu}M$ induced dose dependent increase of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ with concomitant relaxation. In the presence of L-NAME (0.1 mM), ACh increased $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ without affecting the amplitude of high $K^+-induced$ tension. These ACh-induced change of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and tension was abolished by removal of endothelium or 10 nM 4-DAMP (muscarinic receptor antagonist) pretreatment. Pretreatment of LPC ($10{\mu}M$) inhibited ACh ($10{\mu}M$)-induced change of tension and $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in endothelium-intact carotid artery. On the other hand, LPC had no effect on ACh-induced change of tension and $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in endothelium denuded artery. In $Ca^{2+}$-free external solution, ACh transiently increased $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, and pretreatment of LPC significantly inhibited ACh-induced transient $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ change. Based on the above results, it may be concluded that LPC inhibits the ACh-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ change through inhibition of $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization in vascular endothelial cells, resulting in decreased production of NO and concomitant inhibition of endotheliumdependent vascular relaxation.