• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.231.1-231.1
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• 2002

The anaerobic pathway for unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis was established in the 1960s in Escherichia coli. The double bond is introduced into the growing acyl chain by FabA., an enzyme capable of both the dehydration of ${\beta}$-hydroxdecanoyl-［acyl carrier protein］ (ACP) to trans-2-decenoyl-ACP. and the isomerization of trans-2 to cis-3-decenoyl-ACP. However. there are a number of anaerobic bacteria whose genomes do not contain a fabA homolog, but these organisms nonetheless produce unsaturated fatty acids. (omitted)

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.278-286
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• 2008

Many studies regarding Casein phosphopeptides-amorphous calcium phosphate(CPP-ACP) have demonstrated the remineralization ability on the demineralized enamel surface. A question is still remained that how deep can the calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) ions supplied by the CPP-ACP paste penetrate into the enamel subsurface. The aims of this study were to measure the penetrating depth of Ca and P ions in the demineralized human enamel in vitro, and were to determine the amount and depth of Ca and P ions according to the duration. The amount and depth of Ca and P ions were measured by microscopic observation with Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM; LEO SUPRA 55, Carl Zeiss, Germany) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS; GENESIS 2000, EDAX, USA: Linescan of Calcium and Phosphorus). Freshly extracted four human 1st premolars were obtained from the Dept. of Pediatric Dent., Kyung Hee Univ. Buccal surfaces of the 1st premolars were covered with nail varnish to form a window on the middle third of buccal surface. All of the teeth with enamel windows were immersed in a solution of 0.1 M lactic acid, Carbopol C907 (carboxypolymethylene BF Goodrich, Cleveland, OH, USA) at pH 4.8, and then incubated for 7 days. Each tooth crown was sawn in half through the midline of buccal window along the long axis of premolar. The four blocks of premolars were immersed in a 10-times diluted solution of CPP-ACP paste (Tooth Mousse, GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan) for 1, 2, 3 and 5 weeks while the rests were immersed in a placebo solution (distilled water) for the same duration. Each specimen was embedded in epoxy resin, and was sectioned perpendicular to the window, using a water-cooled diamond blade saw. The spectrum density indices of Ca and P were measured in the sound, de- and remineralized enamels by FE-SEM and EDS. The Student's t test was performed to compare the Spectrum Density Indices (SDI) of sound, re-and demineralized enamels, and to compare the differences among the durations. Followings are the conclusion : 1. The penetration depth of the remineralizing ions (Ca & P) of CPP-ACP paste is related to the depth of demineralized enamel (approximately $1050{\sim}1350{\mu}m$). It is revealed that the penetration depth of both ions reaches full thickness of decalcification and even slightly into the sound enamel. 2. The Ca & P levels of remineralized enamels in 1, 2 weeks were significantly higher than those of the sound enamels (p<0.05). 3. No statistically significant difference of Ca & P levels was found in relation with the increasing duration of remineralization (p>0.05).

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2012

The present study was conducted to investigate different gene expression profile between treated poMSTNpro and non-treated in rainbow trout and to identify those genes that are specifically or predominantly expressed in treated poMSTNpro by employing annealing control primer (ACP)-based GeneFishing polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We isolated total RNAs in muscle tissues from the treated poMSTNpro fish by immersion bath technique with fish myostatin prodomain (Paralichthys olivaceus, poMSTNpro) for one month and the other was non-treated poMSTNpro, and synthesized cDNA using annealing control primers (ACP, Seegene, Korea). Using 20 different ACPs for PCR, were cloned sequenced, and analyzed identities of 2 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). According to BLAST analysis, sequences of 2 clones significantly matched database entries and confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The functional roles of one up-regulated gene, cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases 2K1v2 (CYP2K1v2), and one down-regulated gene was Profilin-1 were identified. We identified distinctive gene expression profiles in improved rainbow trout growth by treatment with a fish myostatin prodomain using ACP-based GeneFishing.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.71 no.1
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• pp.90-98
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• 1985

Inheritance of four isozymes, GOT, ACP, MDH and ADH, in Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa was investigated with starch gel electrophoresis. All four isozymes showed bands. For GOT, six or seven loci were postulated and observed segregation of hybrids at five variable loci was in agreement with expected segregation. Two loci were postulated in ACP; one locus showed no variation but the other locus showed variation. As one additional band was found in P. alba ${\times}$ P. alba (italy), hybrids from P. alba ${\times}$ P. alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa showed more variation than hybrids from P. alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa. One monomorphic locus and two variable loci were postulated in MDH. For ADH, both parents were turned out as homozygotes but for different alleles and thus all progenies were heterozygotes. ADH in hybrids seems to be a dieter enzyme as it showed on additional band between two parental bands. There were no variation in band betweens of four enzymes among the clones of P alba and P. glandulosa, respectively.

• Journal of Scientific & Technological Knowledge Infrastructure
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• s.13
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• pp.40-47
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• 2004

최근 NSF는 Cyberinfrastructure를 통한 과학과 공학의 혁명을 위해 산.학.연 전문가의 의견을 수렴하여 Blue-Ribbon Advisory Panel on Cyberinfrastructure(2003. 1)의 보고서를 통해 ACP(Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Program)을 제안하였다. ACP의 목표는 정보기술을 응용하여 과학 및 공학 연구에 혁신적인 발전을 가져오는데 있다. 본고에서는 미국, 유럽의 대표적 슈퍼컴퓨팅센터인 NCSA와 EPCC(Edenbugh Parallel Computing Center, 영국), HLRS(High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart, 독일)에 대한 분석을 수행해보고자 한다.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.41-48
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• 2010

To improve the pot life of one-part in-house anisotropic conductive paste (ACP) formulations, 2-methyl imidazole curing accelerator powders were encapsulated with five agents. Through measuring the melting point of the five agents using DSC, it was confirmed that a encapsulation process with liquid-state agents is possible. Viscosity of ACP formulations containing the encapsulated imidazole powders was measured as a function of storage time from viscosity measurements. As a result, pot life of the formulations containing imidazole powders encapsulated with stearic acid and carnauba wax was improved, and these formulations indicated similar curing behaviors to a basic formulation containing rare imidazole. However, the bondlines made of these formulations exhibited low average shear strength values of about 37% level in comparison with the basic formulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.176.1-176.1
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• 2015

본 연구는 플라즈마 건식 식각 후 박막의 물성 특성 변화 측정에 Nano-Indentation 분석 기법을 도입하였으며, 식각 후 박막 표면 강도를 nano 영역에서 측정하여 박막 표면의 damage 분석에 적용하여 물리적인 해석을 시도하였다. 하지만 기판의 대면적화로 인하여 반도체 공정에 사용되는 기판은 300 mm로 증가하였고 이로 인하여 플라즈마 건식 식각에서 대면적에 대한 균일도 향상 연구를 진행 중에 있다. 이 연구에서는 플라즈마 건식 식각 후 박막의 균일도를 Nano-indenter 측정 결과를 기반으로 Weibull 분포 해석을 통하여 정량적인 균일도를 측정하고자 하였다. 플라즈마 건식 식각을 위하여 플라즈마 소스는 Adaptively Coupled Plasma (ACP)를 사용하였고 식각 후 TEOS $SiO_2$ 박막 표면을 분석하기 위하여, 시료 평면의 x, y 축에 대하여 각각 $20{\mu}m$로 indent 각 지점을 이격하여 동일한 측정 조건에서 Nano-indenter를 이용하여 박막 표면의 강도를 측정하였다. 측정된 결과는 Weibull 분포를 활용하여 정량화하였다. 결과에 의하면 플라즈마 소스의 bias 파워가 300 W 일 때 균일도가 가장 높은 29.84로 측정되었고, 150 W 일 때 가장 낮은 8.38로 측정되었다. 식각 전 TEOS $SiO_2$ 박막의 Weibull 분포에 의한 균일도가 17.93으로 측정됨을 기반으로 ACP 플라즈마 소스의 식각 조건에 따라 TEOS $SiO_2$ 박막의 균일도가 상대적으로 변함을 정량적으로 분석할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.75-75
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• 2003

Transition of the resting primordial follicle to the growing primary follicle is a critical process for female reproduction, but its mechanism is poorly understood. The present study was conducted to investigate gene expression profile at the primordial-primary follicle transition process. We isolated total RNA of female mouse ovary at day1 (contains only primordial follicles) and day5 (contains primordial and primary follicles) and synthesized cDNA using annealing control primers (ACP; Seegene, Inc., Seoul, Korea). ACP provides annealing specificity and sensitivity to the template and allows to identify only authentic differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We used total 80 ACPs for PCR, observed PCR products on 2% agarose gel, cloned 42 DEGs using TOPO TA cloning vector, sequenced, and analyzed by BLAST search. Sequences of 34 clones significantly matched database entries while 4 clones were novel and 4 clones were EST. Two of 34 genes were specifically expressed only in day 5 ovaries (Sui1-rs1, Apg3p/Aut1p-like), and rest of 32 genes were expressed in both stages but were differential in amount. Differential expression was confirmed using semiquantitative RT-PCR, and there was no false positive. Anx11 and Pepp2-pending were highly expressed genes in day1-, while BPOZ, Ches1, Kcmf1, NHE3, Nid2, Ninj1, SENP3 and Survivin were highly expressed genes in day5-ovary. List of genes would provide insight for further study of mechanism regulating primordial-primary follicle transition.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.391-395
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• 2012

Objective : Removal of the anterior clinoid process (ACP) is an essential process in the surgery of giant or complex aneurysms located near the proximal internal carotid artery or the distal basilar artery. An extradural clinoidectomy must be performed within the limits of the meningeal layers surrounding the ACP to prevent morbid complications. To identify the safest method of extradural exposure of the ACP, anatomical studies were done on cadaver heads. Methods : Anatomical dissections for extradural exposure of the ACP were performed on both sides of seven cadavers. Before dividing the frontotemporal dural fold (FTDF), we measured its length from the superomedial apex attached to the periorbita to the posterolateral apex which connects to the anterosuperior end of the cavernous sinus. Results : The average length of the FTDF on cadaver dissections was 7 mm on the right side and 7.14 mm on the left side. Cranial nerves were usually exposed when cutting FTDF more than 7 mm of the FTDF. Conclusion : The most delicate area in an extradural anterior clinoidectomy is the junction of the FTDF and the anterior triangular apex of the cavernous sinus. The FTDF must be cut from the anterior side of the triangle at the periorbital side rather than from the dural side. The length of the FTDF incision must not exceed 7 mm to avoid cranial nerve injury.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.243-251
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• 2006

The internal defense system of mollusks consists of circulating haemocytes. In order to understand the morphological characterization of haemocytes, light and electron microscopy were carried out in oyster, Crassostera gigas. Four types of haemocytes were recognized: type Ⅰ small hyalinocytes, type Ⅱ large hyalinocytes, type Ⅲ large granulocytes and type Ⅳ small granulocytes. Additionally, the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), peroxidase (POD), α-naphthyl acetate esterase, β-glucuronidase, PAS, sudan black B and oil red O in haemocytes were analysed by immunocytochemical methods. The results indicate that enzymatic activities were abundant and more active in granulocytes than in hyalinocytes. After incubation with haemoctyes and Vibrio FKC, phagocytic index and percentage of phagocytic cell were and shown to be increased from 15 to 120 min. In addition, the enzymatic activities were higher than those of controls: ALP, ACP, α-naphthyl acetate esterase and β-glcuronidase, indicating that these enzymes can be related with phagocytosis in oyster.