• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.423-438
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• 2018

This pioneer study focuses on finite element modeling and numerical modeling of three types of Reinforced Concrete Haunched Beams (RCHBs). Firstly, twenty RCHBs, consisting of three types, and four prismatic beams which had been tested experimentally were modeled via a nonlinear finite element method (NFEM) based software named as, ATENA. The modeling results were compared with experimental results including load capacity, deflection, crack pattern and mode of failure. The comparison showed a good agreement between the results and thus the model used can be effectively used for further studies of RCHB with high accuracy. Afterwards, new mechanism modes and design code equations were proposed to improve the shear design equation of ACI-318 and to predict the critical effective depth. These equations are the first comprehensive formulas in the literature involving all types of RCHBs. The statistical analysis showed the superiority of the proposed equation to their predecessors where the correlation coefficient, $R^2$ was found to be 0.89 for the proposed equation. Moreover, the new equation was validated using parametric and reliability analyses. The parametric analysis of both experimental and predicted results shows that the inclination angle and the compressive strength were the most influential parameters on the shear strength. The reliability analysis indicates that the accuracy of the new formulation is significantly higher as compared to available design equations and its reliability index is within acceptable limits.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.149-171
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• 2012

The problem of a concrete cross section under flexural and axial loading is indeterminate due to the existence of more unknowns than equations. Among the infinite solutions, it is possible to find the optimum, which is that of minimum reinforcement that satisfies certain design constraints (section ductility, minimum reinforcement area, etc.). This article proposes the automation of the optimum reinforcement calculation under any combination of flexural and axial loading. The procedure has been implemented in a program code that is attached in the Appendix. Conventional-strength or high-strength concrete may be chosen, minimum reinforcement area may be considered (it being possible to choose between the standards ACI 318 or Eurocode 2), and the neutral axis depth may be constrained in order to guarantee a certain sectional ductility. Some numerical examples are presented, drawing comparisons between the results obtained by ACI 318, EC 2 and the conventional method.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2000

The objective of this study is to investigate the bond strength properties of antiwashout underwater concrete. The arrangement of bars (vertical bar, horizontal upper bar, horizontal lower bar), condition of casting and curing (fresh water, sea water), type of fine aggregate (river sand, blended sand(river sand : sea sand = 1:1), and proportioning strength of concrete (210, 240, 270, 300, 330kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$)are chosen as the experimental parameters. The test results(ultimate bond stress) are compared with bond and development provisions of the ACI Building Code(ACI 318-89) and proposed equations from previous research(which was proposed by Orangun et. al). The experimental results show that ultimate bond stress of antiwashout underwater concrete which arranged bar on the horizontal lower, used the blend sand, and was cast and cured in the fresh water are higher that other conditions. The ultimate bond stress were increased in proportion to {{{{( SQRT {fcu }) }}3 2. From this study, rational analytic formula for the ultimate bond stress are to be from compressive strength of concrete.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2003

춤이 깊은 보 설계를 위한 현행 ACI 기준은 콘크리트 압축강도 40MPa이하의 실험결과를 바탕으로 한 반 경험적인 제안식으로서 40MPa이상 고강도콘크리트의 사용이 증가됨에 따라 현행 기준의 고강도 깊은 보에 대한 적용성 평가가 요구되고 있다. 고강도 깊은 보의 전단강도 예측을 위하여 본 연구에서는 콘크리트강도와 모멘트효과를 고려한 수정 연화 스트럿-타이 모델을 제시하였다. 제안모델 평가를 위하여 4개의 시험체를 제작하였으며, 콘크리트 압축강도 49~78MPa로 제작된 74개의 기존 실험 데이터를 적용하여 ACI 318-99 11.8기준, ACI 318-02 부록 A STM의 해석결과와 비교 평가하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1995년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.378-384
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• 1995

This paper descrides on the economical design of apartment house. * The optimal problems are made by considering the objective function which minimize the construction cost of frame. * The object functions are taken as the codfficient equations of the cost function for a unit area. * Constraints are the design limits defined by the ultimate flexural strength, the ultimate shear strength. the minimum thickness, and the ratio of steel in accordance with ACI 318-89 Code. * Optimization is achieved by optimum nonlinear GINO(General interactive Optimizer)program. In design examples, it is compared with the optimum design results of apartment house and underground parking lot for structural systems.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표논문집(II)
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• pp.245-250
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• 1998

The Elastic modulus depends on the elastic property of composition materials, the gravity of aggregate, the bond strength of binder, the usage and quantity of admixture, curing and measuring method, etc. Accordingly, the aim of this study, by manufacturing concrete of practical high strength range(600~ 1000kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$) with the specific cement and mineral admixtures, is to compare elastic modulus with the existing equations and also to estimate elastic property of use materials. As a result, it could be confirmed that the existing equations which were proposed by the ACI 363, CEB-FIP Code, and New-RC have a tendency to the overestimation in general. However, it could be confirmed that the KCI-96 and Norwegian NS 3473 equations are closed to measuring results, and that the elastic modulus property have a different tendency due to types of cements.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.167-172
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• 2002

Nonlinear analysis of the reinforced concrete beam subjected to torsion is presented. Seventeen equations involving seventeen variables are derived from the equilibrium equation, compatibility equation, and the material constitutive laws to solve the torsion problem. Newton method was used to solve the nonlinear simultaneous equations and efficient algorithms are proposed. Present model covers the behavior of reinforced concrete beam under pure torsion from service load range to ultimate stage. Tensile resistance of concrete after cracking is appropriately considered. The softened concrete truss model and the average stress-strain relations of concrete and steel are used. To verify the validity of Present model, the nominal torsional moment strengths according to ACI-99 code and the ultimate torsional moment by present model are compared to experimental torsional strengths of 55 test specimens found in literature. The ultimate torsional moment strengths by the present model show good results.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1993년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.124-129
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• 1993

In this study, a simple and accurate model equation for prediction of shear strength of reinforce concrete beams without web, reinforcement is proposed based on basic shear transfer mechanism and modified Bazant's size effect law. The proposed equation includes the effects of concrete strength, longitudinal steel ratio, shear span to depth ratio and effective depth. Comparisons with published experimental data indicate that the proposed equation estimates properly the effects of these factors. Among many equations, ACI code equation, Zsutty's equation and Bazant's equation are selected for comparison. As the result, the accuracy of the proposed equation is better than that of any other equations.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.87-106
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• 2016

This paper deals with the reliability analysis of design formulations derived for predicting the punching shear capacity of FRP-reinforced two-way slabs. Firstly, a new design code formulation was derived by means of gene expression programming. This formulation differs from the existing ones as the slab length (L) was introduced in the equation. Next, the proposed formulation was tested for its generalization capability by a parametric study. Then, the stochastic analyses of derived and existing formulations were performed by Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, the reliability analyses of these equations were carried out based on the results of stochastic analysis and the ultimate state function of ASCE-7 and ACI-318 (2011). The results indicate that the prediction performance of new formulation is significantly higher as compared to available design equations and its reliability index is within acceptable limits.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2002

Nonlinear analysis of the reinforced concrete beam subjected to torsion is presented. Seventeen equations involving seventeen variables are derived from the equilibrium equation, compatibility equation, and the material constitutive laws to solve the torsion problem. Newton method was used to solve the nonlinear simultaneous equations and efficient algorithms are proposed. Present model covers the behavior of reinforced concrete beam under pure torsion from service load range to ultimate stage. Tensile resistance of concrete after cracking is appropriately considered. The softened concrete truss model and the average stress-strain relations of concrete and steel are used. To verify the validity of present model, the nominal torsional moment strengths according to ACI-99 code and the ultimate torsional moment by present model are compared to experimental torsional strengths of 55 test specimens found in literature. The ultimate torsional moment strengths by the present model show good results.