• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.269-270
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• 2008

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2008

80% MeOH extract of black rices fractionated with n-hexane, EtOAc, and n-BuOH. Copper-induced LDL oxidation inhibition assay and ACAT inhibition assay examined with fractions. n-Hexane and EtOAc fractions showed high inhibition activity. We divided n-hexane fraction into three sub-layers(H1 - H3) and EtOAc into eight sub-layers(E1 - E8). H1, H2, E6, and E7 are showed higher inhibition activity than standard in Lp-PLA2 inhibition assay and H1 and E6 are showed higher ACAT inhibition activity than standard.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2008

순무 뿌리로부터 80% MeOH 수용액으로 추출하고 이를 여과, 감압 농축하여 MeOH추출물을 얻었다. 이를 EtOAc 분획, n-BuOH분획, $H_2O$분획으로 나누었으며, EtOAc분획으로부터 silica gel 및 ODS column chromatography를 실시하여 3종의 화합물을 분리 정제하였다. 각각에 대하여 $^1H-NMR$, $^{13}C-NMR$, DEPT 스펙트럼 및 Mass 스펙트럼 데이터를 해석하여, caulilexin C (1), indoleacetonitrile (2) 및 arvelexin (3)로 구조를 결정하였다. 화합물 3는 순무에서는 이번에 처음 분리, 보고되었다. 또한 화합물 1, 2, 및 3은 100 ${\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 hACATl의 활성을 각각 $54.6{\pm}6.0%$, $69.2{\pm}4.7%$ 및 $68.6{\pm}3.7%$ 억제하였고, hACAT2의 활성을 각각 $4.8{\pm}13.4%$, $45.6{\pm}4.8%$ 및 $39.5{\pm}4.3%$ 억제하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.803-809
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• 2004

본 실험에서는 DG, MG를 함유한 기능성 유지를 합성하기 위해 lipase(IM 60)를 이용하여 현미유와 글라이세롤을 회분식 교반기에서 glycerolysis화 반응을 하였다. 합성한 기능성 유지와 현미유의 이화학적, 영양학적 특성 을 비교하기 위해 지방산 조성, 기능성 물질 함량 및 동물 식이 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과 기능성 유지는 DG(46.19%), MG(11.15%)와 7G(41.71%) 그러고 미량의 자유 지방산으로 구성되어 있었으며, 지방산 조성은 현미유와 흡사하였다. 비검화 물질함량 또한 현미유와 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 주요물질로써 Phytosterol(2.04$\pm$0.17 mg/g), ${\gamma}$-oryzano1(1.06$\pm$0.04 mg/g), $\alpha$ -tocopherol(0.13$\pm$0.04 mg/g)이 검출되었다. 동물 식이실험 에서는 기능성 유지와 현미유 식이군이 ACAT activity를 저해하였으며, HCHF 식이군과 옥수수유 식이군 보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타낮다(p<0.05). 간과 지방 조직의 지방산 조성은 기능성 유지를 비롯한 모든 식이군에서 oleic acid의 함량이 가장 높았다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1663-1665
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• 2008

Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) catalyzes cholesterol esterification and plays an important role in the intestinal absorption of cholesterol, hepatic production of lipoproteins, and accumulation of cholesteryl ester within cells. During the course of screening to find ACAT inhibitors from microbial sources, the present authors isolated pyripyropene A from Penicillium griseofulvum F1959. Pyripyropene A, an ACAT2-specific inhibitor, has already been produced from Aspergillus fumigatus. Yet, Aspergillus fumigatus is a pathogen and only produces a limited amount of pyripyropene A, making the isolation of pyripyropene A troublesome. In contrast, Penicillium griseofulvum F1959 was found to produce approximately 28 times more pyripyropene A than Aspergillus fumigatus, plus this report also describes the ideal conditions for the production of pyripyropene A by Penicillium griseofulvum F1959 and its subsequent purification.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.212-218
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• 1995

A human hepatoma cell line, hep G2, was used to investigate the mechanism of serum cholesterol reduction by ginseng total saponin, ginsenoside-$Rb_1$, - $Rb_2$, and non-saponin fraction (ether extraction). Hep G2 cells were incubated in 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of cholesterol containing serum free-RPMl1640 medium with various concentration of ginseng components. The amounts of cholesterol in Hep G2 cells were decreased to maximum 51% in total saponin or two ginsenoside-treated groups while there was 137% increase in cholesterol level of control group as compared with that of normal group. Nonsaponin groups did not show the same effect. In order to elucidate the observed changes in the amount of cholesterol, the activity of amyl CoA : cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) in groups showing remarkable reduction in cholesterol amount, i.e., total saponin 10-6%, ginsenoside-$Rb_1$ $10^{-4}$%, ginsenoside-$Rb_2$, $10^{-4}$%, and non-saponin fraction $10^{-4}$%, was assayed using [1-$^{-14}C$%]oleic acid as enzyme substrate. The activity of ACAT was increased in all groups tested as compared with that of control group except for non-saponin group cultured in water soluble cholesterol containing medium. The serum cholesterol lowering effects of ginseng components can partially be attributed to the increased hepatocellular ACAT activity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.382-388
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• 1999

The effects of citrus flavonoids, hesperidin and naringin, on the lipid metabolism were investigated in cultured human hepatocyte HePG2 cells. HepG2 cells were cultured for 6 h and 24 h to the control medium or the media containing hespridin and narigin, which concentrations were 0.5 and 5.0 mg/$m\ell$. There were no significant effects on cell proliferation and cellular protein content, except for increased in these parameters by adding both citrus flavonoids (0.5 mg/$m\ell$). The cellular content of triacylglycerol after 6 h incubation with 0.5 mg/$m\ell$ hesperidin and naringin was markedly increased, and after 24 h incubation that was decreased in both citrus flavonoids supplementation. The supplementation of 5.0 mg/$m\ell$ hesperidin caused a marked decrease in the cellular cholesterol content following 6 h incubation, and that was also reduced markdly, in a dose-dependent manner, during incubation for 24 h. However, there was no significant difference in the cellular cholesterol content in medium supplemented with naringin. The effect of hesperidin and naringin on acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity was studied in vivo and in vitro. The data confirmed that hesperidin inhibit ACAT activity in vivo and in vitro, whereas naringin had no such effect on ACAT activity in vivo but not in vitro. The present study suggests that hesperidin reduces the cellular triacyglycerol and cholesterol contents in human hepatocyte HepG2 cells.

• 생약학회지
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• 제35권3호통권138호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2004

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase $A_2\;(Lp-PLA_2)$ is a potential biomarker of coronary heart disease and plays an important proinflammatory role in the progression of atherosclerosis. Also acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) playa key role in atherosclerosis, respectively. And so, the inhibitory activities of the methanol extracts of 42 insect resources were examined on $Lp-PLA_2$, ACAT, and LDL oxidation for screening of anti-atherogenic substances. Among them, the methanol extracts of Eurydema rugosa significantly inhibited all of upper three activities. Several kinds of tested insects having high inhibitory effect with the methanol extracts were extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and acetone, and their inhibitory activities were tested.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.716-718
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• 2003

In the course of our search for Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors from natural sources, a new type of ACAT inhibitor was isolated from a methanol extract of Diospyros kaki. On the basis of spectral and structural evidence, the compound was identified as pheophorbide A-methyl ester. Pheophorbide A-methyl ester inhibited ACAT activity in a dose dependent manner with an $IC_{50}$ value of 1.85 $\mu$ g/mL.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2005

꽃마리를 80% MeOH로 추출하고, 얻어진 추출물을 EtOAc, n-BuOH 및 $H_2O$로 용매 분획하였다. EtOAc와 n-BuOH 분획에 대하여 column chromatography를 반복하여 4종의 flavonol 배당체를 분리하였다. 각각에 대하여 2D-NMR을 포함한 스펙트럼 데이터의 해석과 문헌 자료를 조사하여 $kaempferol-3-O-{\beta}-{D}-glucopyranoside(astragalin),\;kaempferol-3-O-{\alpha}-{L}-rhamnopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-{D}-glucopyranoside(nicotiflorin),\;quercetin-3-O-{\alpha}-{L}-rhamnopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-{D}-glucopyranoside(rutin),\;quercetin-3-O-{\beta}-{D}-glucopyranoside(isoquercitrin)$로 구조를 결정하였다. 이 화합물들은 꽃마리에서는 이번에 처음 분리, 보고되었다. 또한 $nicotiflorin(100\;{\mu}g/ml)$은 hACAT1에 대하여 $68.3{\pm}1.2%$ 저해활성을 나타내었다.