• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
• /
• 제53권9호
• /
• pp.470-474
• /
• 2004

Both ratio error and phase angle error in voltage transformer(VT) depend on values of burden of VT used. A method of evaluation for linearity of ratio error and phase angle error in VT measurement equipment have been developed using the standard resistance burdens, with negligible AC-DC resistance difference less than $10^-6$. These burden consists of five standard resistors, with nominal resistance of 100 $\Omega$, 1 k$\Omega$, 10 k$\Omega$, 100 k$\Omega$, and 1 M$\Omega$. The developed method has been applied in VT measurement equipment of industry and the validity of the developed method has been verified by showing the consistency of the result of linearity obtained using VT with wide ratio error.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
• /
• 제55권5호
• /
• pp.250-256
• /
• 2006

Both ratio error and phase angle error in current transformer(CT) depend critically on values of CT burden. Thus, precise measurement of CT burden is very important for the evaluation of CT. A method for the measurement of CT burden has been developed by employing the portable shunt precise resistor with negligible AC-DC resistance difference less than $10^{-5}$. The burden value(value and power factor) can be calculated from resistance and reactance obtained by measuring the change of ratio error and phase angle error caused by the change of shunt resistor. The uncertainty for the method is evaluated and found to be abut 2 %.

• 한국자기학회지
• /
• 제5권5호
• /
• pp.745-748
• /
• 1995

Magnetic nanoparticles of iron and iron oxide have been prepared in a modified upward thermal diffusion cloud chamber using pulsed laser evaporation. SEM/TEM studies of these particles reveal a size distribution with a mean diameter of about $60\;{\AA}$. FTIR spectrum measurements are used to investigate the difference in oxidation level between nanoparticles prepared at different partial oxygen pressures. The complex magnetic behaviour of these particles was studied using DC- and AC-susceptibility measurements. All samples exhibit superparamagnetism with blocking temperatures ranging from 50 K to above room temperature. The coercivity fields as well as the dependence of the blocking temperature on measuring frequency have been studied. magnetic anisotropy constants are found to be one order of magnitude higher than is known for the bulk values. The mean particle size estimated from the magnetic data is found to be in perfect agreement with the TEM observations.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.145-154
• /
• 2002

저주파수의 저전압용 크로멜-알루멜 다중접합 열전변환기를 개발하고자 NiCr 히터의 두께를 400 nm. 600 nm 및 800 nm로 변화시켰다. $40\;Hz{\sim}10\;kHz$의 직류 역방향 주파수 범위로 0.5 V의 교류 실효전압을 열전변환기에 인가시켰을 때 히터의 두께가 400 nm인 열전변환기가 ${\pm}0.51{\sim}{\pm}1.69\;ppm$ 범위의 열전효과에 의한 교류-직류 전압 변환오차를 나타내었고. 열전효과 및 주파수에 의한 교류-직류 변환오차는 $40\;Hz{\sim}1\;MHz$의 주파수 범위에서 ${\pm}40{\sim}115\;ppm$ 범위를 나타내어, 저주파수의 저전압용으로 사용할 수 있었다.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.159-179
• /
• 2022

Often a network becomes complex, and multiple entities would get in charge of managing part of the whole network. An example is a utility grid. While the entire grid would go under a single utility company's responsibility, the network is often split into multiple subsections. Subsequently, each subsection would be given as the responsibility area to the corresponding sub-organization in the utility company. The issue of how to make subsystems of adequate size and minimum number of interconnections between subsystems becomes more critical, especially in real-time simulations. Because the computation capability limit of a single computation unit, regardless of whether it is a high-speed conventional CPU core or an FPGA computational engine, it comes with a maximum limit that can be completed within a given amount of execution time. The issue becomes worsened in real time simulation, in which the computation needs to be in precise synchronization with the real-world clock. When the subject of the computation allows for a longer execution time, i.e., a larger time step size, a larger portion of the network can be put on a computation unit. This translates into a larger margin of the difference between the worst and the best. In other words, even though the worst (or the largest) computational burden is orders of magnitude larger than the best (or the smallest) computational burden, all the necessary computation can still be completed within the given amount of time. However, the requirement of real-time makes the margin much smaller. In other words, the difference between the worst and the best should be as small as possible in order to ensure the even distribution of the computational load. Besides, data exchange/communication is essential in parallel computation, affecting the overall performance. However, the exchange of data takes time. Therefore, the corresponding consideration needs to be with the computational load distribution among multiple calculation units. If it turns out in a satisfactory way, such distribution will raise the possibility of completing the necessary computation in a given amount of time, which might come down in the level of microsecond order. This paper presents an effective way to split a given electrical network, according to multiple criteria, for the purpose of distributing the entire computational load into a set of even (or close to even) sized computational loads. Based on the proposed system splitting method, heavy computation burdens of large-scale electrical networks can be distributed to multiple calculation units, such as an RTDS real time simulator, achieving either more efficient usage of the calculation units, a reduction of the necessary size of the simulation time step, or both.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.154-162
• /
• 1998

필라멘트 모양의 백금 박막 히터 및 Bi-Sb 박막 열전퇴(thermopile)의 고온 접합부를 열차단막 역할을 하는 $Si_{3}N_{4}/SiO_{2}/Si_{3}N_{4}$ 다이아프램위에, 열전퇴의 저온 접합부를 방열판 역할을 하는 실리콘 기판에 의해 지지되는 유전체 멤버레인위에 각각 형성시켜, 열감도가 높고 교류-직류 변환오차가 작은 평면형 Bi-Sb 다중접합 열전변환기를 제작하고, fast reversed dc 방법으로 변환기의 교류-직류 변환특성을 측정하였다. 단일 bifilar 히터로 제작된 변환기의 열감도는 공기 및 진공중에서 각각 약 10.1 mV/mW 및 14.8 mV/mW였고, 2중 bifilar 히터로 제작된 변환기의 열감도는 안쪽 및 바깥쪽에 있는 히터를 입력으로 하였을 강우 공기 및 진공중에서 각각 약 5.1 mV/mW 및 7.6 mV/mW 그리고 각각 약 5.3 mV/mW 및 7.8 mV/mW로서, 기체에 의한 열손실이 거의 없는 진공중에서의 열감도가 공기중에서의 열감도보다 더 높게 나타났다. 10 kHz이하의 주파수 범위에서 변환기의 교류-직류 전압 및 전류 변환오차 범위는, 단일 bifilar 히터로 제작된 경우 공기중에서 각각 약 ${\pm}1.80\;ppm$ 및 ${\pm}0.58\;ppm$이었고, 2중 bifilar 히터로 제작된 경우 안쪽 및 바깥쪽 히터를 입력으로 하였을 때 공기중에서 각각 약 ${\pm}0.63\;ppm$ 및 ${\pm}0.25\;ppm$ 그리고 각각 약 ${\pm}0.53\;ppm$ 및 ${\pm}0.27\;ppm$였다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.213-218
• /
• 2020

In this study, we propose a control algorithm to reduce the unbalanced characteristics of a three-phase system power caused by the unbalanced load of the AC electric railway. Then, we verify its performance through the design of a power compensator and experiments applying it. Like electric railway systems, a Scott transformer is applied, and the load and single-phase back-to-back converters are connected to the M-phase and T-phase outputs. The back-to-back converter monitors the difference in active power between the unbalanced loads in real-time and compensates for the power by using bidirectional characteristics. The active power is performed through PI control in the synchronous coordinate system, and DC link overall voltage and voltage balancing control are controlled jointly by M-phase and T-phase converters to improve the responsiveness of the system. To verify the performance of the proposed power compensation device, an experiment was performed under the condition that M-phase 5 kW and T-phase 1 kW unbalanced load. As a result of the experiment, the unbalance rate of the three-phase current after the operation of the power compensator decreases by 58.66% from 65.04% to 6.38%, and the excellent performance of the power compensator proposed in this study is verified.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
• /
• 제55권6호
• /
• pp.313-316
• /
• 2006

A method for evaluation of the linearity of both the ratio error and phase angle error in the current transformer(CT) comparison measurement equipment has been developed by employing the standard resistors with negligible AC-DC resistance difference less than $10^{-5}$. The non-reactive standard resistors for the linearity check of the system are used as the external burden connected with the secondary of CT under test. These burdens consist of nine standard resistors, with the nominal resistance of $0.01{\Omega},\;0.1{\Omega},\;0.2{\Omega},\;0.4{\Omega},\;0.6{\Omega},\;1{\Omega},\;2{\Omega},\;4{\Omega}$, and $10{\Omega}$. For linearity check, the developed method has been applied in the CT comparison measurement equipment belonging to the industry.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한안전경영과학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.247-257
• /
• 2004

Electrodes were fabricated based on activated carbon powder BP-20, conducting agent such as Super P, vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) and acetylene black (AB), and the mixed binders of flexible poly(vinylidenefluoridehexafluoropropylene) [P(VdF-co-HFP)] and cross linking dispersion agent of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to increase mechanical strength. According to impedance measurement of the electrode with the addition of conducting agent, we found that it was possible to charge rapidly by the fast steady-state current convergence due to low equivalent series resistance (AC-ESR, fast charge transfer rate at interface between electrode and electrolyte and low RC time constant. The self-discharge of unit cell showed that diffusion process was controlled by the ion concentration difference of initial electrolyte due to the characteristics of Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) charged by ion adsorption in the beginning, but this by current leakage through the double-layer at the electrode/electrolyte interface had a minor effect and voltages of curves were remained constant regardless of electrode material. We found that the 2.3V/230F grade EDLC would be applied to industrial safety usage such as uninterrupted power supply (UPS) because of the constant DC-ESR by IR drop regardless of discharge current.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.545-550
• /
• 2013

본 논문은 정전기력을 이용한 마찰력 변조를 이용하여 손끝을 통한 촉각정보의 입출력을 동시 구현하는 소자를 제안하였다. 기존의 촉각소자들이 촉각정보의 입력 및 출력을 개별적으로 구현한 것에 비해 본 연구는 손끝의 수직/수평 방향 동작 인식과 질감 구현을 동시에 구현하였다는 점에서 차별성을 가진다. 실험분석을 통해 검증한 손끝 동작 인식기능은 수직방향의 클릭의 경우 0.146nF/$40{\mu}m$, 수평방향의 경우 0.09nF/$750{\mu}m$의 정전용량 변화를 통해 인식 가능하였으며, 질감 구현의 경우 정전기적 인력을 통해 마찰력을 32~152mN의 범위에서 제어할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 교류전압을 이용한 수평적 진동은 60V, 3Hz에서 최대 128.1mN의 마찰력 변조를 구현하였으며, 이는 기존 연구 대비 32% 향상을 보여준다. 본 연구는 손끝에서 정보의 입출력을 동시 구현하여 정보기기의 촉각인터페이스에 적용 가능하다.