• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.445-451
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• 2012

The EtOH extracts of red seaweeds (Symphyocladia latiuscula, Chondrus ocellatus and Carpopeltis affinis) and solvent partitioned fractions were investigated for their 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effects and the total phenolic contents were correlated with ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The EtOH extracts and their solvent partitioned fractions exhibited strong ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities. Among the solvent partitioned fractions obtained from n-Hexane (HX), methylenchloride (MC), ethylacetate (EA), and buthanol (BuOH), the HX fraction from C. affinis showed higher radical scavenging activities than other fractions. Total phenolic contents showed significant correlation ($r^2$ = 0.709) with ABTS radical scavenging activity. The results of this study suggest that the strong radical scavenging activity of HX fraction from C. affinis is a promising natural antioxidant for healthcare products.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.426-432
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• 2013

The results of the content of total polyphenol and flavonoid, DPPH (1-1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] radical scavenging activity, nitrite scavenging activity and SOD-like activity of methanol extracts from immature cotton boll are follows. The contents of total polyphenol and flavonoid compound were higher in small size cotton boll, and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity also showed a relatively high activity in the small size. These results indicate that there is a correlation between phenol content and DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging. The test concentrations of immature cotton boll extract for measuring DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were set as 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/ml. Immature cotton boll has high radical scavenging activity at the concentration of 1.25~20 mg/ml and the result showed a tendency to increase in a concentration-dependent. The nitrite scavenging activity showed high activity in the pH 1.2, and the result in the pH 4.2 showed progressively less active, and in the pH 6.0 near neutral was confirmed that does not affect the nitrite scavenging. In addition, SOD-like activity showed somewhat lower activity compared with ascorbic acid, but tended to be higher when compared with the results of the other natural substances. Through this experiment, we confirmed that immature cotton boll was excellent antioxidant activity. Therefore, it is demonstrated that the cotton suggest the possibility of development of new material for cosmetic product or functional food in the future, and is expected to make a greater usability.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.186-191
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• 2013

Screenings of potential antioxidant activities of Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE Major. fruits extracted 80% methanol were performed using four antioxidant assays. Significant differences were observed both in total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging assay, and reducing power assay. The total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content in the extract were measured to be $224.4{\pm}0.52$ mg GAE/100 g and $12{\pm}0.25$ mg QE/100 g, respectively. When the tested concentration was $500{\mu}g/mL$, DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities of methanolic extracts were 84.15% and 88.8%, respectively. The reducing power and nitric oxide scavenging activity were increased at the manner of dose-dependently. These results suggest that methanolic extracts of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. fruits possess excellent radical scavenging activities and may serve as a potential source of natural antioxidant.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.196-202
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• 2013

Citron seed extracts (CSEs) were made using distilled water (CSEW), ethanol (CSEE), and n-hexane (CSEH), to measure the total polyphenol contents, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and anti-complementary activity. The total polyphenol content was observed the highest in CSEE (188.71 ${\mu}g/mL$), and occurred in the following order: CSEE>CSEW (141.11 ${\mu}g/mL$)>CSEH (26.19 ${\mu}g/mL$) at 10 mg/mL. CSEE (63.56%) and CSEW (56.61%) showed significantly higher DPPH radical scavenging activities when compared with CSEH (28.57%). ABTS radical scavenging activities of CSEE (45.53%) and CSEW (40.02%) were also observed to be higher, whereas CSEH did not show ABTS radical scavenging activity. Anti-complementary activity of CSEE (26.85%) showed a greater activity than that of CSEW (7.84%) at 1,000 ${\mu}g/mL$. Limonin and nomilin contents had the highest values (1.882% and 2.089%) in CSEE, and with 0.327% and 0.139% in CSEW; however, CSEH showed relatively very low values at 0.061% and 0.026%, respectively. Among the CSEs tested, CSEE as a by-product from citron may provide an important source of dietary antioxidant compounds with rich polyphenol and limonoid contents, and immunopotentiating activity, including the complement activation factor.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1121-1129
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• 2017

The authors evaluated the scavenging activities of ABTS+ radical, hydroxy radical (OH), nitric oxide (NO), and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) from ethanol extracts of four edible alga, Enteromorpha linza, Porphyra tenera, Sargassum fusiforme, and Undaria pinnatifida. ABTS+ scavenging activity was analyzed according to the method of Brand-Williams et al. ABTS+ scavenging activity of S. fusiforme was evaluated to 61.8% at 8.0 mg/ml. ABTS+ scavenging activity of P. tenera was evaluated to 35.7% at 8.0 mg/ml. P. tenera and U. pinnatifida showed similar inhibitions of ABTS+ scavenging activity. According to the results of the OH assay in seaweed, inhibitory activities were in the order of S. fusiforme > P. tenera > U. pinnatifida > E. linza. The results showed scavenging activity for NO in the following order of potency: S. fusiforme > P. tenera > U. pinnatifida > E. linza with concentration values of 8.0 mg/ml. The NO scavenging activities of dough, which was instant noodles mixed with S. fusiforme and 3.5% salt, were 27.2% at 8.0 mg/ml. After boiling for 5 minutes, FRAP scavenging activity of instant noodles mixed with extracts of U. pinnatifida was evaluated to 31.5% at 8.0 mg/ml. S. fusiforme showed the highest inhibition activity of ABTS+, OH, NO, and FRAP among the four algae. Thus, these findings provide evidence that P. tenera, U. Pinnatifida, S. fusiforme, and E. linza extracts could become sources of natural antioxidants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.347-354
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• 2013

Apple and pear are popular fruits consumed in Korea and are common fruit in daily diet. In order to compare the antioxidant activity of the apple and pear peels, total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, $ABTS^+$ free radical scavenging activity, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were measured from hot water, ethanol, and methanol extracts of the two fruit peels. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were highest in 95% methanol extracts of the apple peelsand 70% ethanol extract of the pear peels, respectively. Total polyphenol contents of the pear peels were higher than that of apple peels, and total flavonoid contents of the apple peels were higher than that of pear peels. The apple and pear peels had the highest $ABTS^{+{\cdot}}$ and DPPH free radical scavenging activity in 95% methanol extracts and 70% ethanol extracts, respectively. $ABTS^{+{\cdot}}$ and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of pear peels was higher than that of apple peels, and the DPPH free radical scavenging activity of apple and pear peels were detected in hot water, 95% methanol, and 70% ethanol extracts, respectively. Ascorbic acid, a synthetic antioxidant used as positive control, had significantly higher scavenging activity than the apple and pear peels. In conclusion, the apple and pear peelshave great potential as natural antioxidants. Therefore, above results should be considered to provide the possibility for the development of high functional antioxidants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.548-556
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of antioxidant enzyme activity and radical scavenging activities of cucumber grown greenhouse. The analytic method of antioxidant activities were measured by estimating DPPH free radical scavenging, nitrite scavenging ability activity and ABTS radical scavenging ability. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of Jangjukcheongjang was the highest in most of the growth stage. The Nitrite scavenging ability at pH 1.2 was more than 40% in all cultivars and growth stages. The ABTS radical scavenging ability of Jangjukcheongjang and Nulpureuncheongjang showed relatively little higher than Janghyeongnakhap and Sinjoeunbaekdadagi. The SOD activity showed higher activity than 95% in all cultivars and growth stages. The activity of CAT was highest in the Nulpureuncheongjang of 2 (12~16cm) growth stage, and the APX activity of Nulpureuncheongjang and Janghyeongnakhap showed a relatively high activity. The POX activity showed distinctly different trends depending on the growth stage, and that is, the activity at harvest stage was significantly reduced. These results suggest that the cucumber had the potent biological activities, and that in the future, the availability of cucumber will be increase in the field of high-value cosmetic and food products.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.960-968
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• 2023

The rhizome of Phragmites communis Trin. is used for vomiting and belching by clearing stomach and the sprout is used as tea. Phragmites japonica is similar with P. communis except the color of sheath is purple. This study is aimed to compare the in vitro antioxidant activity, total polyphenol and flavonoids contents of P. communis and P. japonica. The antioxidant activities of fractions from the two Phragmites plants were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. The antioxidant activity varied with plant parts and extract solvents. The fractions of leaf extract from the two Phragmites plants (4.06±1.32-16.47±1.28%) showed higher antioxidant activity by DPPH assay compared with rhizome fractions of two Phragmites plants (0.00±0.00-14.15±0.07%), these are lower compared with ascorbic acid and butylhydroxyanisole (BHA). The highest ABTS radical scavenging activity was found for rhizome ether fraction, namely 74.95±0.56% and 73.04±1.85% for P. communis and P. japonica, these are higher than BHA. The total polyphenol and flavonoids contents were different with plant parts and extract solvents, likewise antioxidant activity. A significant correlation was shown between DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. Considering the results of this study, the leaves and stems of P. communis and P. japonica are expected to be used as natural antioxidants.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.846-849
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• 2008

This study employed high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to an on-line $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging detection (RSD) system along with HPLC-electro spin impact/mass spectrometry (ESI/MS), to rapidly determine and identify antioxidant compounds occurring in blueberry extract. The extract was separated by HPLC, and then the radical scavenging activities of the separated compounds were evaluated by the on-line coupled $ABTS^+$-RSD system. The negative peaks of the $ABTS^+$-RSD system, which indicates the presence of antioxidant activity, were monitored by measuring the decrease in absorbance at 734 nm. The active components in the blueberry extract were identified by HPLC-ESI/MS using their MS spectra and retention times. According to the data acquired from the on-line HPLC-$ABTS^+$-based assay and HPLC-ESI/MS systems, the antioxidant compounds detected in the blueberry extract were identified as chlorogenic acid and 11 anthocyanins.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.229-234
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• 2012

The antioxidant substance in black onion was identified. The assays that used 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazo line-6-sulphonic acid) ($ABTS^+$) radicals showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of black onion methanol extract had a higher level of radical-scavenging activity than the other fractions. Two antioxidative compounds were purified and isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction via column chromatographies of silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 using the guided DPPH radical-scavenging assay. The isolated compounds were identified as 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (1) and quercetin (2) based on mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The isolated compounds showed a high level of DPPH and ABTS+ radical-scavenging activity. Compound 2 had a higher level of radical-scavenging activity than 1.