• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.369-379
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• 2014

To investigate the technology trends in organic farming using patent analysis, total 1,026 patents in organic farming in Australia, EU, Japan, Korea and USA between 1974 and 2014 were analyzed. The number of the patents applied in organic farming was largest in Korea, followed by Japan and the USA. Since 2000, the patent application in Korea and USA increased drastically, while in Japan the patents in organic farming were applied steadily in the late 1980s. The applied patents in organic farming were mainly dominated in the field of organic production technology (AA) especially in Korea, while those in environmental assessment were merely applied. Most patent appliers were biased to private applier (80%) than national institutes including university. With this study, it is highly recommended that national interests and R&D on the organic farming fields are needed to meet the food safety.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.4689-4695
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• 2014

Background: A great number of studies have shown that cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) genetic polymorphisms, CYP1A1 Msp I and CYP1A1 Ile/Val, might be risk factors for digestive tract cancers, including esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), hepatic carcinoma (HC), as well as colorectal cancer (CC), but the results are controversial. In this study, a meta-analysis of this literature aimed to clarify associations of CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms with digestive tract cancers susceptibility in Chinese populations. Materials and Methods: Eligible case-control studies published until December 2013 were retrieved by systematic literature searches from PubMed, Embase, CBM, CNKI and other Chinese databases by two investigators independently. The associated literature was acquired through deliberate search and selection based on established inclusion criteria. Fixed-effects or random-effects models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs and 95%CIs). The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.2 and Stata 12.0 softwares with stability evaluated by both stratified and sensitivity analyses. Moreover, sensitivity analysis and publication bias diagnostics confirmed the reliability and stability. Results: Eighteen case-control studies with 1,747 cases and 2,923 controls were selected for CYP1A1 MspI polymorphisms, and twenty case-control studies with 3, 790 cases and 4, 907 controls for the CYP1A1 Ile/Val polymorphisms. Correlation associations between CYP1A1 Ile/Val polymorphisms and digestive tract cancers susceptibility were observed in four genetic models in the meta-analysis (GG vs AA:OR= 2.03, 95%CI =1.52- 2.72; AG vs AA: OR=1.26, 95%CI =1.07-1.48; [GG+AG vs AA] :OR =1.42, 95%CI=1.20-1.68, [GG vs AA+AG]:OR=1.80, 95%CI =1.40-2.31). There was no association between CYP1A1 Msp I polymorphisms and digestive tract cancers risk. Subgroup analysis for tumor type showed a significant association of CYP1A1 Ile/Val genetic polymorphisms with EC in China. However, available data collected by the study failed to reveal remarkable associations of GC or HC with CYP1A1 Ile/Val genetic polymorphisms and EC, GC or CC with CYP1A1 MspI genetic polymorphisms. Conclusions: Our results indicated that CYP1A1 Ile/Val genetic polymorphisms, but not CYP1A1 Msp I polymorphisms, are associated with an increased digestive tract cancers risk in Chinese populations. Additional well-designed studies, with larger sample size, focusing on different ethnicities and cancer types are now warranted to validate this finding.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3705-3713
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• 2014

E-Cadherin (CDH1) genetic variations may be involved in invasion and metastasis of various cancers by altering gene transcriptional activity of epithelial cells. However, published studies on the association of CDH1 gene polymorphisms and cancer risk remain contradictory, owing to differences in living habits and genetic backgrounds. To derive a more better and comprehensive conclusion, the present meta-analysis was performed including 57 eligible studies of the association between polymorphisms of CDH1 gene promoter -160 C>A, -347 G>GA and 3'-UTR +54 C>T and cancer risk. Results showed that these three polymorphisms of CDH1 were significantly associated with cancer risk. For -160 C>A polymorphism, -160A allele carriers (CA and CA+AA) had an increased risk of cancer compared with the homozygotes (CC), and the similar result was discovered for the -160A allele in the overall analyses. In the subgroup analyses, obvious elevated risk was found with -160A allele carriers (AA, CA, CA+AA and A allele) for prostate cancer, while a decreased colorectal cancer risk was shown with the AA genotype. For the -347 G>GA polymorphism, the GAGA genotype was associated with increased cancer risk in the overall analysis with homozygous and recessive models. In addition, results of subgroup analysis indicated that the elevated risks were observed in colorectal cancer and Asian descendants. For +54 C>T polymorphism, a decreased risk of cancer was found in heterozygous, dominant and allele models. Moreover, +54T allele carriers (CT, CT+TT genotype and T allele) showed a potential protective factor in gastric cancer and Asian descendants.

• 식물병연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2014

초산(acetic acid)과 젖산(lactic acid)의 혼합액(MX)의 심비디움 배양토에 오염된 소나무재선충(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)의 방제효과를 조사하였다. 실내실험에서 초산과 혼합액은 5.0-1.0% (pH 2.6-4.2)에서 젖산은 5.0%에서만 100%가까운 살선충율을 나타내었고 이보다 낮은 농도(0.5-0.1%, pH 5.1-6.9)에서는 초산과 혼합액보다 젖산에서 살선충력이 유의적으로 낮아졌다. 대부분의 농도에서 혼합액의 살선충율이 초산과 젖산의 평균보다 유의적으로 높게 나타나 혼합액의 살선충력 상승효과가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 폿트실험에서 유기산 혼합액(0.5%, 0.25%), 살선충제(fosthiazate, 표준량, 배량) 및 길항세균(Paenibacillus polymyxa GBR-1) 배양 희석액($10^7CFU/ml$) 등의 처리에 의해 심비디움 배양토에서의 소나무재선충의 밀도가 처리간에는 유의적인 차이가 없이 무처리에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다. 모든 처리에서 약해가 나타나지 않았고, 처리 후 시기별 pH와 2년생 심비디움의 생육에 무처리 대조구와 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과와 이들 식용 유기산의 안전성과 가격을 종합하여 볼 때, 심비디움의 재배 관리 중 생육단계에 따라 이 유기산 혼합액의 지속적인 사용은 검역해충의 방제에 있어서 친환경적이고 실제적으로 유효한 하나의 방법일 것이다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.473-482
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• 2014

참외과피추출물의 천연갈변저해제로서의 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 참외과피추출물 및 ascorbic acid를 적용한 양송이의 저장 중 품질변화를 확인하였다. 양송이를 각 처리구별 PP film으로 포장하여 4 및 $15^{\circ}C$에서 저장하면서 포장 내 기체조성, 경도, 표면 색 및 관능평가를 관찰하였다. 그 결과 기체조성 또는 경도의 변화에 있어서는 처리구별 큰 차이 없이 저장온도 또는 포장재에 따른 영향을 받았으나, 갈변저해효과에 있어서는 참외과피추출물을 처리하였을 때 양성대조군으로 사용한 ascorbic acid 보다 표면 색 유지에 효과적이었다. 또한 관능평가에서도 참외과피추출물을 적용한 처리구(OMP, OMP+AA)에서 저장기간 동안 높은 점수를 유지하였다. 참외과피에 함유되어있는 총 페놀과 플라보노이드의 함량을 조사한 결과, 참외과피추출물의 총 페놀함량은 플라보노이드 함량보다 4배 정도 높게 나타났다. 참외과피추출물의 항산화 및 항갈변 활성은 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성과 PPO 저해활성이 낮은 농도에서도 높은 활성을 나타냈으나 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성과 구리킬레이트 활성에서는 비교적 높은 농도에서 활성을 보였다. 이에 따라 참외과피추출물을 천연갈변저해제로서 양송이에 적용하였을 때 효과적으로 양송이의 갈변을 저해할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.706-716
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• 2014

A new strategy of co-inoculating Bacillus subtilis MA139 with Streptococcus thermophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to produce fermented soybean meal (FSBM). Three experiments were conducted to determine the concentration of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) (Exp. 1), apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) (Exp. 2), and feeding value (Exp. 3) of FSBM produced by this new strategy (NFSB) compared with soybean meal (SBM) and conventionally available FSBM (Suprotein). In Exp. 1, twenty-four barrows (initial body weight [BW] of $32.2{\pm}1.7kg$) were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 diets with 6 replicates per diet. A corn basal diet and 3 diets based on a mixture of corn and 1 of 3 soybean products listed above were formulated and the DE and ME contents were determined by the difference method. The results showed that there were no differences in DE and ME between SBM and either FSBM product (p>0.05). In Exp. 2, eight barrows (initial BW of $26.8{\pm}1.5kg$) were fitted with ileal T-cannulaes and used in a replicated $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Three corn-starch-based diets were formulated using each of the 3 soybean products as the sole source of AA. A nitrogen-free diet was also formulated to measure endogenous losses of AA. The results showed that the SID of all AA except arginine and histidine was similar for NFSB and SBM (p>0.05), but Suprotein had greater (p<0.05) SID of most AA except lysine, aspartate, glycine and proline than NFSB. In Exp. 3, a total of 144 piglets (initial BW of $8.8{\pm}1.2$ kg) were blocked by weight and fed 1 of 4 diets including a control diet with 24% SBM as well as diets containing 6% and 12% NFSB or 12% Suprotein added at the expense of SBM. During d 15 to 28, replacing SBM with 6% NFSB significantly improved average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.05) for nursery piglets. During the overall experiment, ADG of piglets fed diets containing 6% NFSB was significantly greater (p<0.05) than that of piglets fed SBM. In conclusion, fermentation with the new strategy did not affect the energy content or the AID and the SID of AA in SBM. However, inclusion of 6% NFSB in diets fed to nursery piglets improved performance after weaning likely as a result of better nutritional status and reduced immunological challenge.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.814-820
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 토크 측정과 고압 시차주사 열량계를 이용하여 pyrrolidone, caprolactam, acrylamide 계열 수용성 고분자들의 하이드레이트 저해 성능을 평가하였다. 실험 결과, 세 종류의 고분자가 모두 동역학적인 하이드레이트 생성억제제 효과를 나타내는 것으로 확인되었으며, 특히 0.5 wt% polyvinylcaprolactam (PVCap)의 경우 34.4분의 하이드레이트 유도 시간, 15.9 K의 subcooling 성능을 보이며 12.3 분, 6.0 K의 순수 물 시스템보다 월등한 저해 성능을 나타내었다. 0.5 wt% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)의 경우 중간 정도의 저해 성능을 보였으며, polyacrylamide-co-acrylic acid partial sodium salt (PAM-co-AA)의 경우 각각 0.5 wt%와 5.0 wt%의 농도에서 미미한 하이드레이트 저해 성능을 보였다. 반면에 생성된 하이드레이트 입자의 성장속도와 생성 양에서는 PAM-co-AA가 PVCap과 더불어 가장 월등한 저해 효과를 나타내었다. 또 다른 주요 성능 평가 요소 중 하나인 토크 변화의 경우에는 PVCap이 평균 토크 6.4 N cm로 가장 좋은 성능을 보였으며, 0.5 wt%의 PAM-co-AA 시스템이 평균 7.2 N cm의 값으로 그 뒤를 이었다. 고압 시차주사 열량계를 이용한 수용성 고분자 물질의 저해 성능 평가 실험의 결과는 autoclave 실험의 결과와 유사하였다. PVCap을 첨가한 경우 하이드레이트가 생성되기까지의 유도시간이 가장 길어서 저해성능이 뛰어난 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2014

예로부터 봄에 채취하여 즐겨 섭취하던 달맞이순과 다래순을 전라북도 진안지역에서 건나물 상품으로 구입하여 항산화효과 및 항염증효과를 측정하였다. 달맞이순과 다래순의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 각각 60.4와 33.0 mg tannin acid/g dry wt였으며, 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 31.9와 29.3 mg rutin/g dry wt였다. 항산화효과의 지표로 에탄올 추출 시료의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 환원력을 측정한 결과 달맞이순과 다래순의 DPPH 라디칼에 대한 $IC_{50}$은 각각 58.2와 $122.1{\mu}g/mL$였고, 환원력은 $500{\mu}g/mL$의 처리농도에서 각각 52.1과 45.3 ascorbate eq./mL로 2 시료 모두 우수하였지만 상대적으로 달맞이순이 더 우수하였다. 한편 항염증 효과의 지표로 5-LOX와 COX-2 활성에 대한 억제율을 측정하였는데 달맞이순과 다래순 에탄올 추출 시료 $250{\mu}g/mL$ 처리 시 5-LOX 활성 억제율은 각각 29.5%와 11.5%였으며, COX-2 활성 억제율은 각각 79.5%와 39.1%로 달맞이순이 더 우수하였다. 이어서 달맞이순의 항염증효과의 기전을 살펴보기 위하여 에탄올 추출 시료를 세포 독성이 없는 농도 범위에서 RAW 264.7 대식세포에 처리하고 LPS($1{\mu}g/mL$)로 염증반응을 유도한 결과, 처리농도가 높아질수록 NO, PGE2, IL-6 생성량은 점차 감소하였지만 TNF-${\alpha}$의 생성량은 변화가 없었다. 본 실험 결과 달맞이순과 다래순은 나물류 중에서 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량이 비교적 높은 편으로 항산화효과가 우수하였으며 특히 달맞이순은 항염증효과도 매우 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 달맞이순의 항염증효과 및 활성 유효성분 분석 등의 심도 있는 후속연구와 함께 다양한 섭취방안을 강구함으로써 중노년기에 증가하기 쉬운 산화적 스트레스와 만성적 염증반응을 억제하여 만성질환을 예방하는 데 기여할 수 있기를 기대한다.

• EDISON SW 활용 경진대회 논문집
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• 제3회(2014년)
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• pp.501-504
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• 2014

Si nanowire는 트랜지스터, 배터리 등 광범위한 응용이 가능한 물질로서 이의 효율적 활용을 위해서는 그 다양한 구조에 대한 물성 변화의 연구가 중요하다. 이 연구에서는 [110] 방향의 $4{\times}3$, $6{\times}4$, $8{\times}5$ Si nanowire에 대하여 DFT 기반 제일원리적 계산을 수행함으로써, $6{\sim}14{\AA}$ 범위에서 nanowire 지름의 변화에 따른 전자구조 의존성에 대하여 연구하였다. 그 결과, bulk와 비교하여 Si nanowire의 경우 bandwidth 감소 및 bandgap의 증가가 나타나며, 이러한 경향은 nanowire 지름이 커질수록 점진적으로 약화됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.518-523
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• 2014

There are multiple experiments conducted with male Korean native ducks (KND) to evaluate the optimal levels of limiting amino acids (AA). In Exp. 1, a total of 450 one-d-old male KNDs were divided into five groups with six replicates and fed experimental diets with varying levels of lysine, total sulfur amino acids (TSAA) and threonine (T1, 0.90/0.74/0.70%; T2, 1.00/0.82/0.77%; T3, 1.10/0.90/0.85%; T4, 1.20/0.98/0.93%; T5, 1.30/1.07/1.01%) to 21 d of age. In Exp. 2, one-d-old male KND were received and fed commercial starter diet from hatching to 21 d of age, and then divided into five groups with six replicates and fed one of five diets varying levels of lysine, TSAA, and threonine (T1, 0.73/0.62/0.54%; T2, 0.80/0.68/0.60%; T3, 0.87/0.74/0.65%; T4, 0.94/0.80/0.70%; T5, 1.01/0.86/0.75%) during 22 to 56 d of age, respectively. The BW gain was linearly increased as dietary limiting AA levels increased to 1.20% lysine, 0.98% TSAA and 0.93% threonine. There were no significant differences in feed intake, gain:feed and uniformity among groups. In Exp. 2, the BW gain and gain:feed were not affected by dietary limiting AA levels. There were no significant differences in carcass characteristics and meat quality among groups. The growth performance and carcass characteristics did not show the significant response to increasing dietary limiting AA levels in KND during 22 to 56 d of age. In conclusion, the levels of lysine, TSAA and threonine necessary to maximize growth for starter phase were at least 1.20%, 0.98%, and 0.93%, respectively. On the other hands, KND require relatively low levels of limiting AA for late growth and carcass yield. The dietary levels of 0.73% lysine, 0.62% TSAA and 0.54% threonine appear to be adequate during growing phase.