• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.118-120
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• 1995

The cytotoxicity-directed fractionation of MeOH extract of Terminalia chebula fruits led to the isolation of three hydrolyzed tannins and a related compound, gallic acid(1), $1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloy-{\beta}-_D/-glucopyranose(II)$,. chebulagic acid (III) and chebulinic acid(IV), as active principles. They were shoen to exhibit moderate cytotoxicity against cultured human tumor cell lines including A-549, SK-OV-3, Sk-MEL-2, XF-498 and HCT-15 in vitro.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.179.2-179.2
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• 2003

The cytotoxic activity of 13(E)-Labd-13-ene-8$\alpha$, 15-diol(1), isolated from the ethanol extract of Brachyglottis monroi was evaluated against tumor cell lines such as P388, SNU-C4 MDA-MB231, B 16 melanoma and A549 in vitro. By mean of spectral analysis particularly by the aid of various two dimensional NMR experiments, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR signals of (1) was completely assigned, and thus the structure of (1) was established unambiguously. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.205.3-206
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• 2003

The genus Styrax (Styracaceae) is different from other genera of this family due to the production of resinous material, usually secreted when the barks and trunks are injured by sharp objects. This resin, in the past considered a miraculous remedy in several parts of Asia and America, has been used in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. The CH$_2$Cl$_2$ fraction of Styrax japonica showed significant cytotoxic activities by SRB method against five human tumor cell lines (A549, HCT-15, MES-SA, SK-OV-3, and SK-MEL-2). (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.416-421
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• 2008

This study was performed to determine the antimutagenic and anticytotoxic effects of soybean paste (doenjang) added deep sea water salt and see tangle in Salmonella Typhimurium TA98, TA100 and human cancer cell lines. In the Ames test, methanol extract of doenjang did not exhibit any mutagenicity but showed substantial inhibitory effects against mutation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). The methanol extracts of doenjang ($200{\mu}g$/plate) added deep sea salt and see tangle (doenjang C) showed approximately 89.1% and 70% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by MNNG and 4NQO against TA100 strain, whereas 84.4% inhibitions were observed on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO against TA98 strain. The cytotoxic effects of doenjang methanol extracts against the cell lines with human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B), human gastric carcinoma (AGS), human lung carcinoma (A549) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) were inhibited with the increase of the extract concentration. The treatment of 1.0 mg/mL doenjang C of methanol extracts showed strong cytotoxicities of 71%, 74.4%, 66.2%, 77.3%, and 71.2% against HeLa, Hep3B, AGS, A549, and MCF-7, respectively. In contrast 1 mg/mL treatment of doenjang C methanol extracts had only $10{\sim}40%$ cytotoxicity on normal human embryonal kidney cell (293). Doenjang methanol extract inhibited significantly the tumor growth in mice injected sarcoma-180 cells. Especially, doenjang C methanol extract showed an inhibition of tumor cell activity of 33% by the administration of 25 mg/kg methanol extracts.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.317-321
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• 2006

This study was performed to compare effect of anticancer activities on Rhodiola sachalinensis by ultrasonifi-cation process and solvent. Compared the yield to the water extracts (WE), wafer extracts with ultrasonification (WEU) at60, loot and ethyl alcohol extracts (EE), ethyl alcohol extracts with ultrasonification (EEU) at 60 ${\circ}$C from Rhodiola sachalinensis. Experimental studies were progressed through the anticancer activities such as cell cytotoxicity, inhibition activities of cell growth. The cell cytotoxicity using human embryonic kidney cell (HEK293) was showed cytotoxicity of below 26.26%by extracts of Rhodiola sachalinensis in 1.0 mg/ml concentration, The anticancer activities were increased in over 70% by extracts of Rhodiola sachalinensis in A549, AGS, Hep3B and MCF-7 cells. From the results, the extract Rhodiola sachalinensis were showed useful anticancer activities.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2014

The stems of Juncus effusus were extracted with 70% aqueous ethanol and the concentrated extract was partitioned with ethyl acetate, n-butanol and $H_2O$, successively. Two compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction through the repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. According to the results of physico-chemical and spectroscopic data including NMR and IR, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as dehydroeffusol (1) and effusol (2). Dehydroeffusol and effusol exhibited potent scavenging activity for DPPH and ABTS radicals with the $IC_{50}$ values as $130{\pm}3.21$ and $79{\pm}1.53{\mu}M$ in DPPH assay, and as $39{\pm}3.51$ and $24{\pm}2.73{\mu}M$ in ABTS assay, respectively. The compounds also significantly inhibited the proliferation of human cancer cell lines, AGS and A549.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.549-555
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• 2015

We attempted to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic change of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by determining signaling molecules involved in chemokine production. Treatment of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) with thrombin resulted not only in elevated transcription of the (C-C motif) ligand 11 (CCL11) gene but also in enhanced secretion of CCL11 protein. Co-treatment of HAoSMCs with GF109230X, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, or GW5074, an inhibitor of Raf-1 kinase, caused inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and significantly attenuated expression of CCL11 at transcriptional and protein levels induced by thrombin. Both Akt phosphorylation and CCL11 expression induced by thrombin were attenuated in the presence of pertussis toxin (PTX), an inhibitor of Gi protein-coupled receptor, or LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. In addition, thrombin-induced production of CCL11 was significantly attenuated by pharmacological inhibition of Akt or MEK which phosphorylates ERK1/2. These results indicate that thrombin is likely to promote expression of CCL11 via PKC/Raf-1/ERK1/2 and PTX-sensitive protease-activated receptors /PI3K/Akt pathways in HAoSMCs. We propose that multiple signaling pathways are involved in change of VSMCs to a secretory phenotype.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.294-303
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• 2007

Objectives : We are aimed to identify anti-tumor effects of realgar on some kinds of cancer cells through molecular biologic methods. Materials & Methods : We used 5 kinds of cancer cell lines: lung cancer cells(A549). stomach cancer cells(KATO) and neuroglioma cells(SUN-1118. U-87MG, U-373MG). We injected the boiled extracts of realgar $50{\mu}g$. $100{\mu}g$ to cultural media( ml )for 24 hours. We measured the killing effects on 5 kinds of cancer cells through inverted and fluorescence microscope, the suppressive effects on viability of those cells via XTT assay and the effects on the revelation of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins related to apoptosis by western blotting. Results : In the changes of morphology, the extracts of realgar showed more significant killing effects on all cancer cells. especially KATO, SNU-1118, U-87MG, U-373MG, than the control group with dose dependence, which was statistically significant. In XTT assay, the extracts of realgar showed more suppressive effects on viability of all cancer cells, especially KATO and U-373MG, than the control group with dose dependence, which was statistically significant. In the revelation of proteins related to apoptosis, the extracts of realgar increased the level of Bax and decreased that of Bcl-2 in all cancer cells with dose dependence. Conclusions : We identified that realgar had more anti-tumor effects on stomach cancer and neuroglioma than on lung cancer in the experiments above. However, these basic experiments were performed in vitro. We hope the anti-tumor effects of realgar will be practically identified through more progressive research.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.713-723
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• 2023

Lung cancer is a type of cancer that has the highest mortality rate. It is mainly classified into small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Chemotherapy is used to treat lung cancer, but long-term treatment causes side effects and drug resistances. Curcumin is a bright yellow polyphenol extracted from the root of turmeric. It has biological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we observed differential cell death in human lung cancer cells. Based on the results, curcumin at 10, 30, and 50 μM exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition on the cell survival of several lung cancer cells, with minor differential phenotypes. In addition, apoptosis, autophagy, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) regeneration were observed through flow cytometry. Curcumin dose-dependently increased these phenotypes in A549 (NSCLC) and DMS53 (SCLC), which were restored by corresponding inhibitors. Western blotting was performed to measure the level of expression of apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins. The results indicate that Bax, PARP, pro-caspase-3, and Bcl-2 were dose-dependently regulated by curcumin, with seemingly higher Bax/Bcl-2 ratios in DMS53. In addition, autophagic proteins, p-AKT, p62, and LC3B, were dose-dependently regulated by curcumin. ROS inhibition by diphenyleneiodonium reduced the induction of apoptosis and autophagy generated by curcumin. Taken together, it is suggested that curcumin induces apoptosis and autophagy via ROS generation, leading to cell death, with minor differences between human lung cancer cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.1295-1301
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the mutagenic, antimutagenic, cytotoxicity and antitumor effect of Codonopsis lanceolata (CL). CL was extracted with 70% ethanol and then further fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Antimutagenic, cytotoxicity and antitumor effects of CL extracts were measured by using Ames test, SRB method, and the tumor growth inhibition test. CL extracts did not show any mutagenicity in the Ames test; however, 70% ethanol extracts and its fractions had strong antimutagenic effects against mutation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). The ethyl acetate fraction of CL (200 ${\mu}g$/plate) showed approximately 72.1% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO against TA98 strain, whereas 69.6% and 67.0% inhibitions were observed on the mutagenesis induced by MNNG and 4NQO against TA100 strain. In anticancer effects, the cytotoxicity of CL extract and its fractions against cancer cell lines including human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human lung carcinoma (A549) and transformed primary human embryo kidney (293) were investigated. The treatment of 1 mg/mL CL ethyl acetate fraction had the highest cytotoxicity of 74.5%, 70.7% and 80.3% against HeLa, MCF-7 and A549 cells, respectively. In contrast, the extract and its fractions showed only 2$\sim$31% cytotoxicity for a normal human kidney cell line (293). In vivo anticancer effect of CL extract was tested using Balb/c mice transplanted sarcoma-180 cells. CL ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest inhibition rate of 56.4% at the 50 mg/kg concentration.