• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2005

Purpose: $^{99m}Tc$-sestamibi(MIBI) and $^{99m}Tc$-tetrofosmin have been used as substrates for P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP), which are closely associated with multidrug resistance of the tumors. To understand different handling of radiotracers in cancer cell lines expressing Pgp and MRP, we compared cellular uptakes of $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI and $^{99m}Tc$-tetrofosmin. The effects of cyclosporin A (CsA), well-known multidrug resistant reversing agent, on the uptake of both tracers were also compared. Materials and Methods: HCT15/CL02 human colorectal cancer cells for Pgp expressing cells, and human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells for MRP expressing cells, were used for in vitro and in vivo studies. RT-PCR, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used for detection of Pgp and MRP. MDR-reversal effect with CsA was evaluated at different drug concentrations after incubation with MIBI or tetrofosmin. Radioactivities of supernatant and pellet were measured with gamma well counter. Tumoral uptake of the tracers were measured from tumor bearing nude mice treated with or without CsA. Results: RT-PCR, western blot analysis of the cells and irnrnunochemical staining revealed selective expression of Pgp and MRP for HCY15/CL02 and A549 cells, respectively. There were no significant difference in cellular uptakes of both tracers in HCT15/CL02 cells, but MIBI uptake was slightly higher than that of tetrofosmin in A549 cells. Co-incubation with CsA resulted in a increase in cellular uptakes of MIBI and tetrofosmin. Uptake of MIBI or tetrofosmin in HCT15/CL02 cells was increased by 10- and 2.4-fold, and by 7.5 and 6.3-fold in A549 cells, respectively. Percentage increase of MIBI was higher than that of tetrofosmin with CsA for both cells (p<0.05). In vivo biodistribution study showed that MIBI (114% at 10 min, 257% at 60 min, 396% at 240 min) and tetrofosmin uptake (110% at 10 min, 205% at 60 min, 410% at 240 min) were progressively increased by the time, up to 240 min with CsA. But increases in tumoral uptake were not significantly different between MIBI and tetrofosmin for both tumors. Conclusion: MIBI seems to be a better tracer than tetrofosmin for evaluating MDR reversal effect of the modulators in vitro, but these differences were not evident in vivo tumoral uptake. Both MIBI and tetrofosmin seem to be suitable tracers for imaging Pgp- and MRP-mediated drug resistance in tumors.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.549-556
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• 2014

This paper proposes a highly power-efficient single-inductor multiple-outputs (SIMO) DC-DC converter with a gate charge sharing method in which gate charges of output switches are shared to improve the power efficiency and to reduce the switching power loss. The proposed converter was fabricated by using a $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process technology with high voltage devices of 5 V. The input voltage range of the converter is from 2.8 V to 4.2 V, which is based on a single cell lithium-ion battery, and the output voltages are 1.0 V, 1.2 V, 1.8 V, 2.5 V, and 3.3 V. Using the proposed gate charge sharing method, the maximum power efficiency is measured to be 87.2% at the total output current of 450 mA. The measured power efficiency improved by 2.1% compared with that of the SIMO DC-DC converter without the proposed gate charge sharing method.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.514-522
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• 2004

Background : Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are useful in chemoprevention of colorectal cancers. Continuous NSAID administation causes 40% to 50% reduction in relative risk for colorectal cancer. Sulindac possesses an antiproliferative effect and induces apoptosis and tumor regression on colon cancer and other types of cancers. We intended to analyze the effects of sulindac in three non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods : The human lung cancer cell lines, A549, NCI-H157 and NCI-H460 were used for this study. Viability was tested by MTT assay, and cell death rate was measured by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release. Apoptosis was estimated by flow cytometric analysis and nuclear staining. Results: Sulindac was able to decrease the viability of non-small cell lung cancer cells in a dose- and time- dependent manner. In a parallel effect of sulindac on cell death rate, LDH release was increased in sulindac-treated lung cancer cells. Sulindac significantly increased apoptosis characterized by an increase of $sub-G_0/G_1$ fraction and morphological change of nuclei. The rate of apoptotic cells after sulindac treatment in lung cancer cells increased in a time- and dose- dependent manner in flow cytometric analysis. Apoptotic cells were defined as nuclear shrinkage, chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation of cells. Conclusion : Sulindac decreases viability and induces the apoptosis of lung cancer cells. Further studies will be needed to elucidate the potential mechanism of sulindac-induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.409-412
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• 2013

Curcumin (Cum) has been reported to have potential chemo-preventive and chemotherapeutic activity through influencing various processes, inducing cell cycle arrest, differentiation and apoptosis in a series of cancers. However, the poor solubility of Cum limits its further applications in the treatment of cancer. We have previously reported Cum-loaded nanoparticles (Cum-NPs) prepared with amphilic methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-polycaprolactone (mPEG-PCL) block copolymers. The current study demonstrated superior antitumor efficacy of Cum-NPs over free Cum in the treatment of lung cancer. In vivo evaluation further demonstrated superior anticancer effects of Cum-NPs by delaying tumor growth compared to free Cum in an established A549 transplanted mice model. Moreover, Cum-NPs showed little toxicity to normal tissues including bone marrow, liver and kidney at a therapeutic dose. These results suggest that Cum-NPs are effective to inhibit the growth of human lung cancer with little toxicity to normal tissues, and could provide a clinically useful therapeutic regimen. They thus merit more research to evaluate the feasibility of clinical application.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.552-557
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• 2009

Allicin, a garlic componente, is believed to provide protection against various diseases including inflammation. Since interactions of the cell adhesion molecules are known to play important roles in mediating inflammation, inhibiting adhesion protein upregulation is a possible therapeutic target. In this study, we demonstrate that TNF-${\alpha}$- and catalase-induced expression of ICAM-1 on human lung epithelial cells (A549) in a dose-dependent manner and catalase expression and activity were also increased in TNF-${\alpha}$-treated cells. Treatment of the TNF-${\alpha}$-treated cells with catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole resulted in a significant decreased the level of ICAM-1. These data suggest that induction of ICAM-1 expression by TNF-${\alpha}$ is associated with catalase. In addition, allicin was found to inhibit the TNF-${\alpha}$ induced expression of ICAM-1 on the A549 cells. This compound also inhibited the production of catalase induced by TNF-${\alpha}$, which suggests that the inhibition of ICAM-1 expression by allicin may be due to the modulated production of catalase.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to evaluate the anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities of plum (Formosa, Oishiwase, Soldam) for the future development of functional food products. To determine the anti-inflammatory effect of different types of plums, the inhibitory effect of plum extracts on nitric oxide (NO) production were measured in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 mouse macrophage cells and human cancer cell lines (A549, Ags, Hela, Hep3B). Among the three different plum cultivars, Oishiwase at a concentration of 1 mg/mL showed the highest inhibitory effects on NO production (%) in Raw 264.7 macrophage cells. Moreover, Oishiwase exhibited a higher anti-cancer activity against A549 (renal carcinoma, 50%), Ags (gastric carcinoma, 35%), HeLa (cervical carcinoma, 50%), and Hep3B (hepatocellular carcinoma, 31%) at a concentration on 1 mg/mL, respectively, compared to Formosa and Soldam. Our findings suggest Oishiwase plum extracts may serve as potential dietary sources of natural health promoting substances.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.321-325
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• 1996

Aiming at the development of anticancer agents by modification of phenolic benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid, additional hydroxyl group was put on C10 position of fagaridine (1) by a biomimetic synthetic procedure to afford 10-hydroxyfagaridine (12). All of the synthetic intermediates were also screened in vitro antitumor activities against five different cell lines as well as 12. Among them the representative cytotoxic results are shown as follows; P-quinone (11) $[ED_50;(A549=0.22; {\mu}g/ml)$, $(HCT;15=0.21 {\mu}g/ml)$, fagaridine (1) $(HCT;15=0.41 {\mu}g/ml)$, olefin (6) $(HCT; 15=0.06 {\mu}g/ml)$, acetal (7) $(SKMEL-2=0.07 {\mu}g/ml)$, dihydrofagaridne (10) $(A549=0.38 {\mu}g/ml)$, 10-hydroxyfagaridine (12) $(A 549=0.45{\mu}g/mi)$. From these observation three main remarks can be drawn; (i) the iminium part of benzo[c]phenanthridine is not essential for showing acitvities, (ii) the additional hydroxyl group did not contribute to enhance the cytotoxicity, (iii) the 3-arylisoquinolin-1(2H)-one derivatives were found to display significant in vitro antitumor activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1439-1444
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• 2004

Antitumor activities of onion methanol extract (OME) and onion Kimchi methanol extract (OKME) were investigated by using aflatoxin $B_1$-mediated Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity and the model of cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines. Their immune activities were also investigated by using mouse spleen cells and macrophage cell lines, respectively. OME and OKME showed the enhanced antimutagenicity in a dose-dependent manner in particular, the activity of OKME was higher than that of OME. OME and OKME decreased over 20% of the proliferation of the A549 (lung cancer cell) and MCF-7 (breast cancer cell) cell lines when compared with the control at 1,000 ${\mu}$g/mL. The proliferation of mouse spleen cells and the NO production in marcrophage cell lines treated OME and OKME were increased in a dose-dependent manner compared with untreated control cells, and their activities of OKME were higher than those of OME.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 2005

Antitumor activities of methanol extract from onion Kochujang (MEOK) were investigated by using aflatoxin $B_{1}-mediated$ Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity and the model of cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines. Their immune activities were also investigated using mouse spleen cells and macrophage cell lines, respectively. MEOK showed the enhanced antimutagenicity in a dose-dependent manner. relative to the control group. MEOK decreased over $20\%$ of the proliferation of the A549(lung cancer cell) and MCF(breast cancer cell) cell lines at $1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$ concentration compared with the control cells. The proliferation of mouse spleen cells and the NO production in marcrophage cell lines treated MEOK were increased in a dose-dependent manner, respectively. The activities were higher than that of the control(no added onion) Kochujang.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.549-552
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• 2000

A microorganism which can desulfurize dibenzothiophene (DBT) to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP) was isolated from coal samples. The rate of DBT desulfurization was enhanced by the presence of yeast extract. In the case of DBT desulfurization by resting cells the rate and extent of 2-HBP production was enhanced with the addition of Tween 80.