• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 1983

Present study was carried out to find out an optimum interval for artificial insemination in aged and poor laying hens, Brown colored, hundred and twenty commercial laying hens at about 530 days old and 20 S. C. W. Leghorn males at 580 days old were adopted Egg production rate during the experiment was 61.6% and number of eggs examined was 2,283. The intervals for the insemination were 2, 4 and 6 days for experimental groups T-1, T-2 and T-3, respectively. Eggs were collected on every 6th day and examined for fertility by candling after 5 days of incubation. Average fertility rates for T-1, T-2 and T-3 groups appeared 87.5, 81.1, and 65.1%, respectively. The fertility of T-3 group was significantly lower than those of T-1 and T-2 groups(P＜0.05). The highest fertility rate was obtained on the second day after the insemination for all groups, i. e. 90.7, 84.0 and 71.7% for T-1, T-2 and T-3, respectively. Thereafter, a tendency of gradual decline in fertility was observed. This study suggests that the optimum interval for artificial insemination in aged hens is 2 days. The fertility tended to be improved by repeated injection. For the 2-day interval group, the highest rate (98.2%) was obtained on the 6th insemination.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.283-290
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• 2014

Environmental changes, especially global climate change, are creating new routes to reduce a shipping service distance in Arctic area. The Arctic routes are shorter than 60% of existing ways Panama or Suez canal). For this reason, ship owners prefer to navigate in Arctic area and a transportation of goods though the Arctic area is increasing. But the low temperature in Arctic condition changes the material properties. Especially, the material will be brittle and strength will increase. And an ultimate strength analysis of ship stiffened panels is changed depending on temperatures. In present study, the ultimate strength analysis of stiffened panels in double hull oil tankers is performed under various low temperatures with the material properties obtained by tensile coupon test. The analytical method as named ALPS/ULSAP was used for analysis method and 6 kinds of temperature (20, 0, -20, -40, -60 and $-80^{\circ}C$) were considered to investigate the effect of Arctic conditions.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 1992

To observe the transmission patterns of karyotype of Pneumocystis carinii (Pc) by rat colonies, three strains of rats, Sprague-Dawlcy(SD), Wistar(W) and Fisher (F) from various animal vendors, were suppressed of their immunity by injection of methyl prednisolone. They were kept for 5 to 13 weeks in 3 different animal rooms, A, B, and C. The purified organisms were prepared in low melting point agarose gel by embedded Iysis method for pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Field inversion gel electrophoresis showed 2 patterns of the kart·otype of Pc. The rooms A and C contained SD rats from the source p, and also the room A was used for F and W rats. However, Pc from all of the SD and F rats in the room A showed same karyotypes, the pattern I. The SD rats from difFerent vendors, M and 5, were reared in the room B, and shared the same Pc karyotypes, the pattern II . The rats of W strain were from the vendor M, and immune-suppressed in the animal room A. Five weeks after the expe- riment, the Pc showed the karyotype pattern II but the pattern became mixed with the type I after 7 to 8 weeks. The Bindings revealed that the animals born and reared in the same animal quarter harbored Pc with same karyotypes. If the animals were kept under immune-suppression in the same room with heavily infected hosts, they could be infected by Pc from their neighbors. The present experimental findings suggest that Pc is transmitted among rats through the air.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.283-290
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between the summertime (June to August) heat index, which quantifies the bioclimatic apparent temperature in sultry weather, and the daily disease-related mortality in Seoul for the period from 1991 to 2000. Methods : The daily maximum (or minimum) summertime heat indices, which show synergetic apparent temperatures, were calculated from the six hourly temperatures and real time humidity data for Seoul from 1991 to 2000. The disease-related daily mortality was extracted with respect to types of disease, age and sex, etc. and compared with the time series of the daily heat indices. Results : The summertime mortality in 1994 exceeded the normal by 626 persons. Specifically, blood circulation-related and cancer-related mortalities increased in 1994 by 29.7% (224 persons) and 15.4% (107 persons), respectively, compared with those in 1993. Elderly persons, those above 65 years, were shown to be highly susceptible to strong heat waves, whereas the other age and sex-based groups showed no significant difference in mortality. In particular, a heat wave episode on the 22nd of July 2004 ($>45^{\circ}C$ daily heat index) resulted in double the normal number of mortalities after a lag time of 3 days. Specifically, blood circulation-related mortalities, such as cerebral infraction, were predominant causes. Overall, a critical mortality threshold was reached when the heat index exceeded approximately $37^{\circ}C$, which corresponds to human body temperature. A linear regression model based on the heat indices above $37^{\circ}C$, with a 3 day lag time, accounted for 63% of the abnormally increased mortality (${\geq}+2$ standard deviations). Conclusions : This study revealed that elderly persons, those over 65 years old, are more vulnerable to mortality due to abnormal heat waves in Seoul, Korea. When the daily maximum heat index exceeds approximately $37^{\circ}C$, blood circulation-related mortality significantly increases. A linear regression model, with respect to lag-time, showed that the heat index based on a human model is a more dependable indicator for the prediction of hot weather-related mortality than the ambient air temperature.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.283-296
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• 2003

Emulsion-type sausages were manufactured to investigate the effects of CLA-vegetable oils and CLA-lard on quality characteristics of emulsion-type sausage. Each treatments replaced pork back fat with CLA-corn oil (CLA-CO), CLA-safflower seed oil (CLA-SSO) and CLA-lard (CLA-LD) were stored during 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days at 4$^{\circ}C$. The changes in physico-chemical properties, texture, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), fatty acid composition and CLA content of each treatments were measured during 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days at 4$^{\circ}C$. During storage, pH of control showed higher pH value than that of CLA-vegetable and CLA-lard treatments. The pH values of all treatments was significantly low at storage 14 days (p<0.05). The color L* and a*-value of all the treatments was not significantly changed with the storage periods. Color b*-value of CLA-treatments was higher than that of control during the storage period. Fatty acids composition was changed by addition of CLA-vegetable oils and CLA-lard. All kinds of fatty acids composition were decreased with CLA replacements than that of the control. Whereas linolenic acid content extremely increased by replacement of CLA-vegetable. CLA content of CLA-treatments was extremely increased than that of the control. The cohesiveness, springness, gumminess and brittleness of CLA-LD treatment was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of the other treatments. The TBARS value of all treatments were significantly increased (P<0.05) as the storage period was passed. TBARS of sausage products containing CLA-CO was the lowest. Summing up the a forementioned results, emulsion-type sausage manufacturing with CLA-vegetable oil and CLA-lard was not affected in physico-chemical properties and texture characteristics. Also, it may be assumed that the high quality sausage can be manufactured with the extent of storage period and CLA accumulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.07a
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• pp.393-396
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 완충층용 MgO 박막을 P-type(100)Si 기판위에 작업가스 $Ar:O_2=80:20$, RF 파워 50W, 기판온도 $400^{\circ}C$, 10mtorr의 작업진공에서 $500{\AA}$ 증착하였다. 제작된 MgO/Si 기판위에 RF Magnetron sputtering법으로 작업가스 $Ar:O_2$의 비율을 90:10, 80:20, 70:30으로 변화하면서 $BST(Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}TiO_3)$ 박막을 약 $2000{\AA}$ 증착하였다. XRD 측정결과 작업가스비의 변화에 관계없이(110)BST와 (111)BST 피크만이 관찰되었으며 작업가스 $Ar:O_2=80:20$에서 가장 양호한 결정성을 나타내었다. I-V 측정결과 인가전계 ${\pm}100kV/cm$에서 $10^{-7}A/cm^2$이하의 양호한 누설전류 특성을 보여주고 있으며 C-V 측정결과 작업가스 $Ar:O_2$의 비율 90:10, 80:20, 70:30에서의 비유전율은 각각 283, 305, 296으로서 작업가스비 80:20에서 제작된 박막의 특성이 가장 우수하였다. 작업가스비 80:20에서 제작된 박막의 SEM 측정결과 결정이 성장되었음을 확인할 수 있었고 그레인의 크기는 약 10nm였다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.277-283
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• 2003

A bacterium producing the extracellular mannanase was isolated from Korean soybean paste. The isolate WL-7 has been identified as Bacillus subtiis on the basis on its 16S rRNA sequence, fatty acid composition, morphology and biochemical properties. The mannanase of culture supernatant was the most active around $55^{\circ}C$ and pH $6.0^{\circ}C$, and retained 90% of its maximum activity at range of pH 5.0∼7.5 and $50∼60^{\circ}C$. The additional carbohydrates including lactose, $\alpha$-cellulose, avicel, locust bean gum (LBG), wheat bran and konjak increased dramatically the mannanase productivity of strain WL-7. Especially, the maximum mannanase productivity was reached to 224 U/ml in LB medium supplemented with both 0.5% LBG and 0.5% konjak, which was approximately 200-folds more than that in LB medium. It was suggested that the increase of mannanase production was owing to induction of mannanase biosynthesis by both LBG and konjak hydrolysates transported following initial hydrolysis by extracellular mannanase during the cell growth.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.283-289
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• 2013

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) coating solution containing glutaraldehyde (GA) and maleic anhydride (MA) as crosslinking agents was coated onto hydrolyzed poly acrylonitrile (PAN) hollow fiber membranes. The permselectivities of the resulting composite membranes prepared varying the reaction temperature and the concentration of the crosslinking agents were tested for 90 wt% ethanol aqueous mixtures by the pervaporation technique at $60^{\circ}C$. In general, the flux decreased while the selectivity increased for the increases of the reaction temperature and the crosslinking concentration. In case of GA as a crosslinking, the flux $165g/m^2hr$ and the separation factor 81 were obtained at GA 11 wt% and the reaction temperature $120^{\circ}C$. And for the case of MA, the flux $174g/m^2hr$ and the separation factor 73 were obtained at MA 11 wt% and the reaction temperature $120^{\circ}C$.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.278-283
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the involvement of flower abnormality and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH), which is one of the key enzyme in the maintenance of methylation. Plants exposed to high temperature (HT) and long day (LD) condition from 14-27days after short day (SD) produced abnormal flower, having numbers of ray florets. Numbers of ray florets were increased more than 2 folds by HT of $35/20^{\circ}C$ and LD of 14 hour comparing those of $25/20^{\circ}C$ (12 h/12 h). Full-length cDNA clone of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (DgSAHH) in spray chrysanthemum 'Lerbin' contained an 1455 bp open reading frame coding for 485 amino acids. It showed highly conserved coding sequences among the different plant species with over 90% homology. DgSAHH expression was decreased in abnormal flower inducing treatment of HT and LD, while DgSAHH transcripts accumulated in flower bud of non abnormality inducing condition. This result implicate that DgSAHH expression is affected by temperature and photoperiod during flower development and suppression of DgSAHH is a one of the cause of abnormal flower under HT and LD condition.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.351-354
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• 1993

Z-1-Ethyl-2-nitro-l-butenyl-(4'-methyl)-phenyl sulfone, C$_{13}$H$_{17}$NO$_4$S, Mr = 293.4, monoclinic space group P2$_1$/c, a = 12.194(7), b = 7.290(4), c = 16.532(14)${\AA}$, ${\beta}$ = 103.4(2)$^{\circ}$, V = 1429.5 ${\AA}^3$, Z = 4, D$_c$ = 1.32 gcm$^{-3}$, ${\lambda}$(Mo K${\alpha}$) = 0.71069 ${\AA}$, ${\mu}$ = 2.2 cm$^{-1}$, F(000) = 600, T = 298 K, R = 0.030 for 1762 unique observed reflections with I > 1.0${\sigma}$(I). A molecule has a cis-typed molecular structure having the form of "the substituted butene backbone, C-C(S)=C(NO$_2$)-C, connecting to a sulfur atom with the methylbenzene ring and to a nitro group. The methylbenzene ring and the substituted butene moiety are nearly planar with the maximum deviations from their own molecular planes, 0.018 ${\AA}$ for the C(1) atom of the benzene group and 0.045 ${\AA}$ for the N atom of the NO$_2$ group, respectively. The angles to the plane of the butene backbone are 88.5$^{\circ}$from the plane of the methyl-benzene and 78.6$^{\circ}$from the plane of the nitro group. Rotation of the nitro group from the butene plane seems to reduced contribution of resonance structure involving the nitro group, and resultant repulsion between the O(2) atom of SO$_2$ and the O(3) atom of NO$_2$ appears to be 2.894 ${\AA}$ longer than an expected van der Waals distance of 2.80 ${\AA}$.