• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.581-587
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• 2022

물의 신(神), 인도 탐몰라주(耽沒羅洲:'몰'자와 '주'자가 탈락되면서 '탐라(耽羅)') 발타라(跋陀羅, Bhadra) 존자가 BC 563-483년경에 900명의 아라한(弟子)과 같이 탐라에 왔다. 그것은 세계에서 가장 신성한 물(신성성(神聖性), Heiligkeit)을 통한 불교의 전파다. 고양부(高良夫)의 3성의 흔적은 첫 번째가 3성혈(穴)과 영실의 존자암의 굴(穴) 주거로, 혈거(穴居) 시대를 엿볼 수 있다. 두 번째가 고양부 3성의 3, 3의 3배수가 9임을 착안하면 발타라 제자 900(=3*3*100)명의 분해시 기본수인 3과 맥을 같이하는 연결고리다. 이때, 3은 천지인(하늘 땅 사람 天地人), 종교적으로는 결혼(結婚), 희망(希望)수 또는 완전수(完全數 Complete Number)로 제주 문화가 곳곳에 쉼 쉬고 있다. 예를 들어, 3성혈(三姓穴)의 3, 1도동, 2도동, 3도동의 3, 3다도(三多島)의 3, 3무도(三無島)의 3, 3재도(三災島:수재(水災),한재(旱災),풍재(風災))의 3, 고양부 3성의 3, 집 올레 정낭(錠木)의 3 그리고 발타라(Bhadra) 존자의 제자 900(=3*3*100)명의 3 등으로 공통 인자(因子)가 3이다. '3의 섬(島)'이다. 논문은 1,2부로 구성되어 있는데 1부는 탐라의 이름이 인도의 탐몰라주에서 왔고 900명의 인도 불자 아라한들이 고양부 3성이 선대란 것을 추정했고, 2부에서는 인도인의 풍속에서 우러난 정낭 기본 원리가 현대이동통신과 DNA유전자생명과학에 어떻게 진화 발전해 쓰이고 있는지를 조명한다.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2001

This study examined the effect of environmental alteration and prompts on recycling behavior. An A-B-BC with a control condition design was employed. Subjects in this study were college students, professors, and employees at a university building. After a baseline phase, environmental alteration was I effect in the next phase and both environmental alteration and prompts were in effect in the final phase for the control condition. The environmental alteration consisted of providing four separation containers for the paper cups, cans recyclable paper, and the disposable on each floor in the building. The prompts consisted of providing the information about the importance of environmental preservation and how to separate the materials in the appropriate containers using an information board and pamphlets. The dependent variables were (1) the number of cans collected in can container, (2) the number of paper cups collected in cup container, (3) the rate of correct separation of cans, (4) the rate of correct separation of paper cups, and (5) the weight of disposable. The rates of correct separations of cans and paper cups were obtained by calculating the percentage of thenumber of recyclable cans and paper cups in the corresponding containers. The results indicated that environmental alteration had positive effects on all the dependent variables. Also, when the prompts were added to the environmental alteration, the incremental effect of the prompts was demonstrated. The implications and limitations of theses findings were discussed and the direction of future studies was also proposed.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 1992

화학 영양성으로 배양한 Rps. gelatinosa 에서 2회의 시토크롬 c 친화성 크로마토그래피와 DEAE-Sephacel 이온 교환 크로마토그래피 등 3 단계의 크로마토그래피를 수행하여 시토로콤 c 산화효소를 정제하였다. 정제된 시토크롬 c 산화효소는 Sephacryl S-300 에 의한 분자걍이 약 110,000 Da 이고 SDS-gel 전기영동에 의한 분자량이 약 52.000 Da 으로써 이량체일 것으로 보인다. 전제된 시토크롬 c 산화효소는 온도데 매우 불안정하고 말 심장 시토크롬 c 를 기질로 사용했을때 Km 값은 $20\mu$M, Vmax 값은 44unit/mg prot. 이며 pH 6.4 의 효소방응 최적 pH 와 25.deg.C 의 최적 온도를 보였다. 환원된 시토크롬 c 산화효소는 554, 523, 421 nm 에서 .alpha., .betha. soret 흡수대를 보였고 chromatophore 에서와 마찬가지로 KCN 과 $NaN_{3}$ 에 의해서는 효소 활성도가 저해를 받았지만 CO 와 antimycin A, myxothiazol 에 의해서는 효소 활성도가 저해를 받지 않았다. 빛을 에너지원으로 배양하거나 또는 화학영양성으로 배양하든지 모두 시토크롬 c-551 이 생성되었고 환원된 시토크롬 c-551 은 시토크롬 c 산화효소에 의해 산화되었다. 시토크롬 c-551 을 기질고 이용하였을 때 시토크롬 c 산화효소의 Km 값은 $26\mu$M 이었고 Vmax 값은 31.unit./mg prot. 로써 말심장의 시토크롬 c 를 기질로 이용할때 보다 오히려 낮았다. 이와 같은 결과로 보아 화학 영양성은 배양한 Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa 에서 호흡에 의한 전자전달은 시토크롬 c-551 이 시토크롬 $bc_{1}$ 복합체로 부터 전자를 받아 b-형 시토크롬 c 산화효소에 전자를 전달해 주고 최정적으로 산소를 환원시킬 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.993-999
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• 2010

Serum lysozyme gene is one of the important genes influencing the immune system as its product can cause lysis of bacterial cell wall by cleaving the peptidoglycan layer. The present investigation on the serum lysozyme gene of Indian riverine buffalo was undertaken with the objectives to identify and characterize single nucleotide polymorphic patterns by PCR-SSCP method as well as to study the effect of different genotypes on serum lysozyme activity and somatic cell count. A total of 280 animals comprising four different famous bubaline breeds (Murrah, Mehsana, Surti and Bhadawari), spread over six different farms across the country were used for this study. A 276 bp (partial intron 2, complete exon 3 and partial intron 3) fragment of lysozyme gene was screened for polymorphism using the SSCP technique. Four genotypes namely AA, AB, BC and AC were observed, out of which BC genotype was found to be the most frequent. Among these three alleles, C allele (0.38) was most prevalent in these populations. Various SSCP allelic variants were cloned for sequencing and sequences were submitted to NCBI Genbank. From the alignment of the nucleotide sequences of various allelic variants, it was found that there were differences in 12 positions among the alleles, out of which maximum variation (at 8 places) was found in the intronic region. The allele A was closer to allele-C than allele-B. Allele B was phylogenetically equidistant from both of the other alleles. Mean lysozyme activity determined in serum samples of different animals of Murrah buffalo was $27.35{\pm}2.42\;{\mu}g$ per ml of serum, whereas the mean somatic cell count was $1.25{\pm}0.13{\times}10^5$ cells per ml of milk. The SSCP pattern-wise effects of various genotypes on lysozyme activity and SCC were analyzed. Although the mean values were apparently different in various genotypes, these differences were statistically non-significant. It can be concluded that the riverine buffaloes are sufficiently polymorphic with respect to serum lysozyme gene. The absence of AA genotype in Bhadawari breed of buffalo can be considered as a marker for breed characterization. The difference of four nucleotides in exon-3 indicates high selection pressure on the gene.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.13-16
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• 2008

Pepper fruit anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species is an economically important disease that causes serious yield loss and quality deterioration in many Asian countries including South Korea and Taiwan. Recently, Capsicum baccatum PI594137 was found to exhibit broad-spectrum resistance to Colletotrichum acutatum. The inheritance of anthracnose resistance to C. acutatum was analyzed in an intraspecific population derived from a cross between C. baccatum Golden-aji and PI594137. Detached mature green fruits were inoculated using the microinjection method. The disease response was evaluated as the disease incidence and the overall lesion diameter at 7 days after inoculation(DAI). The segregation ratios of resistance and susceptibility to C. acutatum in the $F_2$ and $BC_s$ populations significantly fit a 3:1 Mendelian model. This result indicates that the resistance of PI594137 to C. acutatum is controlled by a single dominant gene.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.219-225
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• 1999

In order to improve the quality of nuruk a Korean traditional fermenting agent for brewing nuruk was modified by a new method inoculating Rhizopus japonicus T2 Aspergillus oryzae L2 and hansenula sp. BC26 which had been isolated from traditional Nuruk. And the characteristics of modified Nuruk were investimgated as compared with current fermenting agents such as commercial Nuruk and rice koji of As-pergillus kawachii. The odor of modified Nuruk was savory but those of commercial Nuruk and rice koji were fetid andinodorous repectively. The extracted waters of modified Nuruk commercial Nuruk and rice koji were yellow pale yellow and colorless and showed 6.15, 6.01 and 3.30 of pH respectively. Mod-ified Nuruk had 7.6${\times}$106CFU/g of yeast but commercial uruk and rice koji had no yeast. Commercial Nuruk had 1.0${\times}$102CFU/g of lactic acid bacteria but modified Nuruk and rice koji had no lactic acid bacteria. The amylolytic and proteolytic activities of modified Nuruk were much higher than those of commercial Nuruk or rice koji. Seed mash of modified Nuruk had ester aroma but that of commercial Nuruk rather offensive odor and that of rice koji neither ester aroma or offensive odor. It seemed that if the modified Nuruk is used in seed mashing the supplement of acidulant is need to lower pH. The quality of modified Nuruk was thought to be much better than that of commercial Nuruk or rice koji.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.443-446
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• 2008

'강백'은 국립식량과학원 벼맥류부에서 2006년도에 육성한 벼흰잎마름병 $K_{3a}$에 저항성인 국내 최초 품종으로 주요특성과 수량성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. '강백'의 평균 출수기는 8월 11일로 '남평벼'보다 4일 빠른 중생종이다. 2. 주당수수, 수당립수, 등숙비율 및 정현비율은 '남평벼'와 비슷하며 현미천립중은 다소 가벼운 중립종이다. 3. 심복백은 거의 없고 '남평벼' 수준으로 맑고 투명하며 도정율, 아밀로스 및 단백질함량은 '남평벼'와 비슷하며 밥맛은 떨어지는 편이다. 4. 도열병은 중도저항성을 보였으며 흰잎마름병 $K_1{\sim}K_3$ 및 새로운 변이균 $K_{3a}$에 저항성인 국내 최초 자포니카 품종이나 줄무늬잎마름병, 오갈병 및 검은줄오갈병에는 약하고, 충에 대한 저항성은 없다. 5. '강백'의 쌀수량은 보통기 표준재배에서 5.28MT/ha으로 '남평벼'보다 7% 낮은 수량을 보였고 이모작재배에서 4.01 MT/ha, 만식재배에서는 4.34MT/ha의 수량을 보였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.159-163
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• 1971

The relative viscosities ${\eta}_r$ of a series of homologous tetraalkylammonium chlorides $Me_4NCl,\;Et_4NCl,\;Pr_4NCl\;and\;Bu_4NCl$ in a series of isopropanol-water mixtures have been determined at $30^{\circ}C$ using Ubbelohde-type viscometers. The viscosity data have been interpreted in terms of viscosity A-and B-coefficients calculated from the Jones-Dole equation, ${\eta}_r=1+AC^{1/2}+BC$. The results indicate that the structure-breaking effect of chloride ion is maximum at 0.l~0.15 mole fraction isopropanol, while the size effect(Einstein effect) of the larger $R_4N^+$ ions is maximum at 0.2~0.25 mole fraction. The results also indicate that in aqueous and water-rich solutions the larger $R_4N^+$ ions (e.g. $Pr_4N+, Bu_4N^+$) appear to be excellent structure-formers and that the viscosities of solutions is not strongly affected by the electrostriction effect of chloride ion.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2006년도 하계종합학술대회
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• pp.503-504
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• 2006

This paper presents the design and fabrication of a LC voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) using 1-poly 6-metal mixed signal CMOS process. To obtain the high-quality factor inductor in LC resonator, patterned-ground shields (PGS) is placed under the symmetric inductor to reduce the effect from image current of resistive Si substrate. Moreover, due to the incapability of using thick top metal layer of which the thickness is over $2{\mu}m$, as used in many RF CMOS process, the structure of dual-metal layer in which we make electrically short circuit between the top metal and the next metal below it by a great number of via materials along the metal traces is adopted. The circuit operated from 2.63 GHz to 3.09 GHz tuned by accumulation-mode MOS varactor. The corresponding tuning range was 460 MHz. The measured phase noise was -115 dBc/Hz @ 1MHz offset at 2.63 GHz carrier frequency and the current consumption and the corresponding power consumption were about 2.6 mA and 4.68 mW respectively.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.237-251
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• 2021

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of the proposed hybrid teaching-learning based optimization algorithm on the optimum design of reinforced concrete (RC) cantilever retaining walls. For this purpose, three different design examples are optimized with 100 independent runs considering continuous and discrete variables. In order to determine the algorithm performance, the optimization results were compared with the outcomes of the nine powerful meta-heuristic algorithms applied to this problem, previously: the big bang-big crunch (BB-BC), the biogeography based optimization (BBO), the flower pollination (FPA), the grey wolf optimization (GWO), the harmony search (HS), the particle swarm optimization (PSO), the teaching-learning based optimization (TLBO), the jaya (JA), and Rao-3 algorithms. Moreover, Rao-1 and Rao-2 algorithms are applied to this design problem for the first time. The objective function is defined as minimizing the total material and labor costs including concrete, steel, and formwork per unit length of the cantilever retaining walls subjected to the requirements of the American Concrete Institute (ACI 318-05). Furthermore, the effects of peak ground acceleration value on minimum total cost is investigated using various stem height, surcharge loads, and backfill slope angle. Finally, the most robust results were obtained by HTLBO with 50 populations. Consequently the optimization results show that, depending on the increase in PGA value, the optimum cost of RC cantilever retaining walls increases smoothly with the stem height but increases rapidly with the surcharge loads and backfill slope angle.