• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3345-3349
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• 2013

Background: Susceptibility to lung cancer has been shown to be modulated by inheritance of polymorphic genes encoding cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and glutathione S transferases (GSTM1 and GSTT1), which are involved in the bioactivation and detoxification of environmental toxins. This might be a factor in the variation in lung cancer incidence with ethnicity. Materials and Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 218 northern Indian lung cancer patients along with 238 healthy controls, to assess any association between CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms, either separately or in combination, with the likelihood of development of Lung cancer in our population. Results: We observed a significant difference in the GSTT1 null deletion frequency in this population when compared with other populations (OR=1.87, 95%CI: 1.25-2.80-0.73, P=0.002). However, GSTM1 null genotype was found associated with lung cancer in the non-smoking subgroup. (P=0.170). Conclusions: Our study showed the GSTT1 null polymorphism to be associated with smoking-induced lung cancer and the GSTM1 null polymorphism to have a link with non-smoking related lung cancer.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1114-1121
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• 2005

Flavonoids are polyphenols composed of two aromatic rings (A, B) and a heterocyclic ring (C). In order to determine the effects of the number of hydroxyl groups in the B-ring of the flavonoids on human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1 family enzymes, we evaluated the inhibition of CYP1A-dependent 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation activity by chrysin, apigenin and luteolin, using bacterial membranes that co-express human CYP1A1, CYP1A2, or CYP1B1 with human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase. Chrysin, which possesses no hydroxyl groups in its B-ring, exhibited the most pronounced inhibitory effects on CYP1A2-dependent EROD activity, followed by apigenin and luteolin. On the contrary, CYP1A1-mediated EROD activity was most potently inhibited by luteolin, which is characterized by two hydroxyl groups in its B-ring, followed by apigenin and chrysin. However, all of the 5,7-dihydroxyflavones were determined to similarly inhibit CYP1B1 activity. Chrysin, apigenin, and luteolin exhibited a mixed-type mode of inhibition with regard to CYP1A2, CYP1B1, and CYP1A1, with apparent Ki values of 2.4, 0.5, and 2.0 ${\mu}M$, respectively. These findings suggested that the number of hydroxyl groups in the B-ring of 5,7-dihydroxyflavone might have some influence on the degree to which CYP1A enzymes were inhibited, but not on the degree to which CYP1B1 enzymes were inhibited.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 2019

Trigonella foenum-graceum L. (fenugreek) is a phytoestrogen, a nonsteroidal organic chemical compound from plants which has similar mechanism of action to sex hormone estradiol-$17{\beta}$. This study aims to assess the effectivity of fenugreek seeds extract on collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) and collagen type III alpha 1 (COL3A1) which are both decreased in aging skin and become worsen after menopause. This in vitro experimental study used old human dermal fibroblast from leftover tissue of blepharoplasty on a postmenopausal woman (old HDF). As a control of the fenugreek's ability to trigger collagen production, we used fibroblast from preputium (young HDF). Subsequent to fibroblast isolation and culture, toxicity test was conducted on both old and young HDF by measuring cell viability on fenugreek extract with the concentration of 5 mg/mL to $1.2{\mu}g/mL$ which will be tested on both HDF to examine COL1A1 and COL3A1 using ELISA, compared to no treatment and 5 nM estradiol. Old HDF showed a 4 times slower proliferation compared to young HDF (p<0.05). Toxicity test revealed fenugreek concentration of $0.5-2{\mu}g/mL$ was non-toxic to both old and young HDF. The most significant fenugreek concentration to increase COL1A1 and COL3A1 secretion was $2{\mu}g/mL$ (p<0.05).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.70 no.2
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• pp.155-159
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• 2011

Recently, a novel influenza A (H1N1) has been recognized as the cause of a worldwide respiratory infection outbreak. Although the symptoms of a novel influenza A (H1N1) are usually mild, the disease can cause severe illness and death. A complication of novel influenza A (H1N1) is pneumomediastinum, a rarely reported condition. We report a case of influenza A (H1N1) complicating pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema, which had initially presented with blood tinged sputum and chest pain. In addition, we demonstrate bronchoalveolar lavage in influenza A (H1N1).

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.95-98
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• 2021

The S100 family proteins act as inducers of cancer cell apoptosis and inflammatory mediators. This study examined the pro-apoptotic mechanism caused by S100A8 and S100A9 in human FIP1L1-PDGFRα-positive eosinophilic leukemia cells. S100A8 and S100A9 elicited the death of EoL-1 cells in a time and dose-dependent manner. The activation of PDGFRα was suppressed by a decrease in PDGFRα after treatment with S100A8 and S100A9. Cycloheximide, a translation inhibitor, suppressed PDGFRα expression from 1 h to 5 h, and a co-treatment with S100A8 and S100A9 boosted the decrease in expression. The phosphorylation and expression of STAT5 decreased after treatment with S100A8 and S100A9 in EoL-1 and imatinib-resistant (EoL-1-IR) cells. S100A8 and S100A9 induced the chemotaxis of EoL-1 cells but did not affect the chemoattraction of EoL-1-IR. These findings indicate the cell death mechanism due to S100 family proteins and the development of leukemia therapy using S100A8 and S100A9.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.389-395
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• 2023

This study evaluated the effects of gibberellic acid (GA₃) on the growth and quality of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.). Experimental treatments included a No application of fertilizer and GA₃ (NFG) Control [3 N active ingredient (a.i.) g/m²], 0.3GA₃ (GA₃ 0.3 a.i. mg/m²/200 mL), 0.6GA₃ (GA₃ 0.6 a.i. mg/m²/200 mL), 1.2GA₃ (GA₃ 1.2 a.i. mg/m²/200 mL), and 2.4GA₃ (GA₃ 2.4 a.i. mg/m²/200 mL). Additionally, the study included a 1.5N+GA₃ experiment with similar GA₃ treatments combined with 1.5N a.i. g/m² : NFG, Control (3N a.i. g/m²), 1.5N+ 0.3GA₃ (1.5N a.i. g/m²+GA₃ 0.3 a.i. mg/m²/200 mL), 1.5N+0.6GA₃ (1.5N a.i. g/m²+GA₃ 0.6 a.i. mg/m²/200 mL), 1.5N+1.2GA₃ (1.5N a.i. g/m²+GA₃ 1.2 a.i. mg/m²/ 200 mL), and 1.5N+2.4GA₃ (1.5N a.i. g/m²+GA₃ 2.4 a.i. mg/m²/200 mL). Compared to the NFG, turf color index chlorophyll content was not significantly different (p< 0.05). However, shoot length in 1.2GA₃, 2.4GA₃, 1.5N+0.3GA₃, 1.5N+0.6GA₃, 1.5N+1.2GA₃, and 1.5N+2.4GA₃ treatments increased by 0.8%, 10.6%, 5.15%, 8.3%, 13.5 %, and 21.6%, respectively, compared to the control. As compared to the control, clipping yield in 1.5N+1.2GA₃ and 1.5N+2.4GA₃ treatments increased by 7.1% and 14.3 %, respectively. These results indicated that GA₃ application increased shoot length, with the 1.2GA₃ treatment showing shoot length similar to the control (3N a.i. g /m² ).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2004

Objectives : Inhibition of phase I enzymes such as cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 or 1A2 is considered a major mechanism of protection against initiation of carcinogenesis. The inhibition of toxic enzymes and CYP were studied with so many oriental herbral medicine. Recently, numerous polysaccharides and polysaccharide-protein complexes have been isolated from mushrooms and used as a source of therapeutic agents. The most promising biopharmacological activities of these polymers are their immunomodulation and anti cancer. But, in this study the inhibitory effect was on the aqua-acupuncture of Lentinus edodes. Materials : Lentinus edodes aqua-acupuncture solution (LEAS) was prepared and tested for the inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1A2 activities. LEAS type I from fruit body of these mushrooms. Type II was extracted from cultured broth of Lentinus edodes mycelum. Results : LEAS type I and type II were significantly inhibited CYP 1A1 and 1A2 enzymes at concentration of 5.0 and 10.0 mg/ml. Conclusion : These results suggested that LEAS may act as block agent against carcinogenesis by inhibition of phase I enzymes.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 1991

By $C^{(1)}$[0, 1] we denote the Banach algebra of complex valued continuously differentiable functions on [0, 1] with norm given by $${\parallel}f{\parallel}=\sup_{x{\in}[0,1]}({\mid}f(x){\mid}+{\mid}f^{\prime}(x){\mid})\text{ for }f{\in}C^{(1)}$$. By A we denote the sub algebra of $C^{(1)}$ defined by $$A=\{f{\in}C^{(1)}:f(0)=f(1)\text{ and }f^{\prime}(0)=f^{\prime}(1)\}$$. By an isometry of A we mean a norm-preserving linear map of A onto itself. The purpose of this article is to describe the isometries of A. More precisely, we show tht any isometry of A is induced by a point map of the interval [0, 1] onto itself.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.150-156
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• 1995

Molecular orbital calculations at the ab initio, AM1, and PM3 levels have been carried out to investigate the lactam-lactim tautomerism of 1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5- dione(1) and 1,3,4-oxa(or thia)diazolidine-2,5-dione(2, 3). Most stable tautomer in 1 compound has been calculated to be a dilactam 1a and next one is lactam-lactim 1b. The relative energies between 1a and 1b are 4.1~12.6 kcal/mol depending on computational methods. The optimized 1a structure at ab initio level is in good agreement with X-ray structure. While the stabilities of 2 tautomers are in order of 2a>2b>2c, the stabilities of 3 tautomers are dependent on methods. According to 3-21G basis set, 3a tautomer is more stable by 4.9 kcal/mol over 3b tautomer. In contrast, the heat of formation of 3a at AM1 is higher by 2.71 kcal/mol than 3b.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.114-123
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• 2021

Purpose: This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with both type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis. Methods: The intervention cohort (IC) comprised 133 patients with type 2 diabetes who received nonsurgical periodontal treatment, while the matching cohort (MC) included 4787 patients with type 2 diabetes who visited the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Asan Medical Center. The patients in each cohort were divided into 3 groups according to their baseline HbA1c level: subgroup 1, HbA1c <7%; subgroup 2, 7%≤ HbA1c <9%; and subgroup 3, HbA1c ≥9%. Changes in HbA1c levels from baseline to 6 and 12 months were analyzed. In addition, the association between changes in HbA1c levels and the number of periodontal maintenance visits was investigated. Results: There were no statistically significant changes in HbA1c levels in the IC and MC or their subgroups when evaluated with repeated-measures analysis of variance. However, the IC showed maintenance of baseline HbA1c levels, while the MC had a trend for HbA1c levels to steadily increase as shown by pairwise comparisons (baseline to 6 months and baseline to 12 months). IC subgroup 1 also maintained steady HbA1c levels from 6 months to 12 months, whereas MC subgroup 1 presented a steady increase during the same period. The number of periodontal maintenance visits had no association with changes in HbA1c levels during the 1-year study duration. Conclusions: For patients with both type 2 diabetes and periodontitis, nonsurgical periodontal treatment and periodontal maintenance may help to control HbA1c levels.