• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2007

We study a maximal operator defined on spaces of homogeneous type, and we prove that this operator is of weak type (1,1). As a consequence we show that the maximal operator belongs to the Muckenhoupt's class $A_1$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1192-1195
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• 1997

A divergent approach to 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-3,4-diols has been studied with 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol (D-AB1), a potent glycosidase inhibitor. D-AB1 was efficiently synthesized from 2,3-epoxyalcohol 6a in overall 11% yield.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3817-3823
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• 2014

Background: The MDM2 oncogene, a negative regulator of p53, has a functional polymorphism in the promoter region (SNP309) that is associated with multiple kinds of cancers including non-melanoma skin cancer. SNP309 has been shown to associate with accelerated tumor formation by increasing the affinity of the transcriptional activator Sp1. It remains unknown whether there are other factors involved in the regulation of MDM2 transcription through a trans-regulatory mechanism. Methods: In this study, SNP309 was verified to be associated with overexpression of MDM2 in tumor cells. Bioinformatics predicts that the T to G substitution at SNP309 generates a stronger E2F1 binding site, which was confirmed by ChIP and luciferase assays. Results: E2F1 knockdown downregulates the expression of MDM2, which confirms that E2F1 is a functional upstream regulator. Furthermore, tumor cells with the GG genotype exhibited a higher proliferation rate than TT, correlating with cyclin D1 expression. E2F1 depletion significantly inhibits the proliferation capacity and downregulates cyclin D1 expression, especially in GG genotype skin fibroblasts. Notably, E2F1 siRNA effects could be rescued by cyclin D1 overexpression. Conclusion: Taken together, a novel modulator E2F1 was identified as regulating MDM2 expression dependent on SNP309 and further mediates cyclin D1 expression and tumor cell proliferation. E2F1 might act as an important factor for SNP309 serving as a rate-limiting event in carcinogenesis.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.24-27
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• 2018

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare, clinically and genetically heterogeneous, multi-system developmental disorder caused by mutations in genes that encode components of the cohesin complex. X-linked CdLS caused by an SMC1A mutation is an extremely rare disease characterized by phenotypes milder than those of classic CdLS. In the Republic of Korea, based on a literature review, one family with SMC1A-related CdLS with mild phenotypes has been genetically confirmed to date. In this study, we describe the clinical features of a Korean boy with a hemizygous novel missense mutation and his mother with a heterozygous mutation, i.e., c.2447G>A (p.Arg816His) in SMC1A, identified by multi-gene panel sequencing. The proband had a mild phenotype with typical facial features and his mother exhibited a mild, subclinical phenotype. This study expands the clinical spectrum of patients with X-linked CdLS caused by SMC1A variants. Moreover, these findings reinforce the notion that a dominant negative effect in a carrier female with a heterozygous mutation in SMC1A results in a phenotype milder than that in a male patient with the same mutation.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.254-259
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• 2011

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess variations in caudate volume according to dopamin receptor D2/ankyin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (DRD2/ANKK1) Taq 1a polymorphisms in young healthy adults and to evaluate the relationship between caudate volumes and psychiatric symptoms as measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Methods Genetic information regarding DRD2/ANKK1 Taq 1a and T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance images were acquired from 30 young healthy adults. Automatic segmentation of caudate was performed using the FreeSurfer program. Results Individuals with A2 homozygotes of DRD2/ANKK1 Taq 1a polymorphisms (n = 10) had greater right caudate volumes compared to those with A1 allele (s)(18.4% greater ; p = 0.019). Right caudate volumes were negatively associated with total scores of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (${\beta}$=-0.50 ; p = 0.016). Conclusions Our findings suggest the possibility that DRD2/ANKK1 Taq 1a polymorphisms may underlie the psychiatric symptoms by influencing the structure of the right caudate.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.5 no.7
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• pp.897-902
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• 1995

To get optimum synthetic condition of zeolite A made from Kampo natural bentonite, the effects of reactant mole fraction, reaction temperature, and reaction time were studied. The source of silica was 40% -H₂SO₄ treated natural bentonite and that of alumina was synthesized NaA1O₂. The reactant was mixed at the mole ratio of SiO₂ : Al₂O₃ : Na₂O : H₂O=2 : 1 : 1 : 25 and 2 : : 1 : 37. The mixed reactants were aged at 60℃ for 1hr and reacted at 90℃, 100℃ and 120℃ for 1, 3 and 5hr. The optimum synthetic condition was SiO₂ : A1₂O₃ : Na₂O H₂O=2 : 1 : 1 : 30 at 90℃ for 3hr and the synthetic zeolite A prepared by this optimum condition showed the dehydration temperature at 79.2℃ and lattice trans-formation at 503.3℃. The wright loss of water was 5.9%.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

The ubiquitin E3 ligase COP1 (Constitutive Photomorphogenesis 1) is a protein repressor of photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsisplants, and it found in various organisms, including animals. The COP1 protein regulates the stability of many of the light-signaling components that are involved in photomorphogenesis and in the developmental processes. To study the effect of COP1 on flowering in a short day plant, we have cloned a full-length of PnCOP1 (Pharbitis nil COP1) cDNA from Pharbitis nil Choisy cv. Violet, and we examined its transcript levels under various conditions. A full-length PnCOP1 cDNA consists of 2,280 bp nucleotidesthat contain 47 bp of 5'-UTR, 232 bp of 3'-UTR including the poly (A) tail, and 1,998 bp of the coding sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence contains 666 amino acids, giving it a theoretical molecular weight of 75 kD and a isolectric point of 6.2. The PnCOP1 contains three distinct domains, an N-terminal $Zn^2+$-binding RING-finger domain, a coiled-coil structure, and WD40 repeats at the C-terminal, implying that the protein plays a role in protein-protein interactions. The PnCOP1 transcript was detected in the cotyledon, hypocotyls and leaves, but not in root. The levels of the PnCOP1 transcript were reduced in leaves that were a farther distance away from the cotyledons. The expression level of the PnCOP1 gene was inhibited by light, while the expression was increased in the dark. During the floral inductive 16 hour-dark period for Pharbitis nil, the expression was increased and it reached its maximum at the 12th hour of the dark period. The levels of PnCOP1 mRNA were dramatically reduced upon light illumination. These results suggest that PnCOP1 may play an important function in the floral induction of Pharbitis nil.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5917-5920
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• 2014

Background: This study aimed to explore the effects of ras association domain family 1 A (RASSF1A) on proliferation and apoptosis of human cervical cancer cell line Hela cells. Materials and Methods: RASSF1A was cloned into the pcDNA3.1(+) vector to generate pcDNA3.1(+)-RASSF1A plasmid for transfection into Hela cells. Changes in the proliferation and apoptosis of cultured Hela cells were examined by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium chloride assay and flow cytometry. A protein array was used to analyze the expression of apoptotic factors. Results: Plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-RASSF1A was generated and transfected into Hela cells to stably express RASSF1A in Hela cells. RASSF1A transfection was effective in inhibiting the proliferation of Hela cells up to 52.4%, as compared to cells transfected with an empty plasmid. RASSF1A expression also successfully induced apoptosis in human cervical cells with an apoptosis rate of 20.5%. More importantly, protein array results showed that RASSF1 A transfection induced overexpression of p21 and caspase 8, while decreasing the expression of survivin in Hela cells. Conclusions: RASSF1A expression was effective in suppressing the proliferation and increasing apoptosis of Hela cells, and may be a potential therapy for cervical cancer in clinic.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.163-172
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in the number of repetitions and the repetition rate according to the exercise mode when performing 65%1RM resistance exercise at the 1-minute rest interval and the 3-minute rest interval. Sixteen healthy male subjects were treated with Bench press and Biceps curl of 65%1RM intensity at 1 and 3 minute rest intervals. The number of repetitions for each set of 1 minute rest interval showed a significant decrease from 1set to 5set in bench press. biceps curl showed a significant decrease from 1set to 4set. The repetition rate according to the exercise mode with a 1-minute rest interval showed a significant difference from 2sets to 4sets. In the repetition rate for each set, bench press showed a significant decrease from 1set to 5set. biceps curl showed a significant decrease from set 1 to set 4. The number of repetitions according to the exercise mode with a 3-minute rest interval showed a significant difference from 2sets to 5sets. In the number of repetitions for each set, bench press showed a significant decrease from 1set to 5set. biceps curl showed a significant decrease from 1set to 4set. The repetition rate according to the exercise mode with a 3-minute rest interval showed a significant difference from 2sets to 5sets. In the repetition rate for each set, bench press showed a significant decrease from 1 set to 5 sets. biceps curl showed a significant decrease from 1set to 4set. In summary, the decrease in the number of repetitions according to the set progression in the resistance exercise of the endurance depends on the exercise mode, and the increase of the rest interval or the decrease of the weight-intensity should be considered when aiming for more exercise.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

In a gas turbine, fuel is exposed to a high temperature environment until it is fed to the combustor through the injector. Hydrocarbon fuels can coke under high temperature conditions, which can cause coking material to deposit on fuel lines or block the injector passages. In this study, a specimen simulating a fuel line located inside a gas turbine and Jet A-1 were heated using electric devices. Jet A-1 coking tests were performed by changing the wall temperature of the stainless steel specimen and the temperature of Jet A-1 supplied to the specimen. After the coked specimens were cut, the coking material and the inner surface were analyzed using an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer and a field emission scanning electron microscope.