• 만화애니메이션 연구
• /
• 통권50호
• /
• pp.101-130
• /
• 2018

스마트 기기의 등장 후 웹툰을 스마트폰으로 보는 독자가 증가하게 되면서, 스마트툰, 효과툰, 컷툰, 더빙툰, 무빙툰, AR툰, VR툰, 인터랙션 툰 등 다양한 첨단기술이 결합된 기술 융합형 웹툰들이 선보이고 있다. 그러나 이에 대한 연구는 멀티미디어 기술 융합 유형과 사례 제시, 연출 효과와 그에 따른 문제점 제시 정도로, 만화와 기술과의 융합이 독자의 만화 읽기와 몰입에 어떤 영향을 끼치는지에 대한 논의는 없었다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 몰입의 관점에서 만화만의 독특한 몰입방식을 알아보고, 기술 융합형 웹툰들이 시도한 몰입 양상과 문제점을 유형별로 분석해보았다. 또한 이를 바탕으로 최근 화제가 되고 있는 인터랙션 툰 <마주쳤다>의 인터랙션 요소와 몰입 양상을 분석해 봄으로써 첨단 기술을 통해 새롭게 시도 되고 있는 인터랙션 요소들이 웹툰의 몰입에 미치는 긍정적 효과와 한계점에 대해 논하였다. 몰입의 관점에서 기술 융합형 웹툰을 유형별로 분석해보면, 효과툰은 멀티미디어 효과가 과하게 사용될 경우 정보의 과부하를 일으켜 몰입을 방해하였다. 스마트 모바일 기기의 가로 읽기 방식에 맞춰 칸에 움직임을 부여한 스마트툰은 그 시도는 좋았으나, 독자의 능동적인 만화 읽기를 방해하여 몰입감을 떨어트렸다. VR 기기를 이용해 독자가 직접 웹툰 세계를 탐색하도록 한 VR툰 역시 웹툰의 세로 연출을 극복하려는 시도는 좋았으나, 주의 집중을 분산시킴으로써 만화의 몰입을 저해하였다. 만화 읽기 방식의 편이성만을 중시한 무빙툰은 독자의 만화 읽기의 자율성을 침해함으로써 몰입을 방해하는 요소로 작용하고 있다. 반면 하일권의 인터랙션 툰 <마주쳤다>는 얼굴인식 기술, 증강현실 기술, 360도 파노라마 기술, 햅틱기술 등 웹툰에 다양한 첨단 기술을 접목하여, 독자가 웹툰 캐릭터와의 관계에서 친밀감을 형성하고, 독자 스스로가 주인공과 동일시되어 캐릭터와 상호작용함으로써 몰입을 유도하는데 성공하고 있다. 다만, 작품 후반부에 나타나는 기술의 남용과 이를 위한 무리한 상황 연출, 지루한 스토리 전개 등이 한계점으로 남는다.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.23-33
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 산경표에 따른 전통적 지리체계인 백두대간 및 부속정맥을 한남금북 금북정맥 이용자들은 어떻게 인식하고 있는지, 인식의 정도와 이용 행태 등 기초적 자료를 수집하였다. 또한 우리 산줄기인 백두대간의 생태계 완충역할을 하는 2차 산맥이라고 할 수 있는 부속 산줄기 중 우리나라 중 남부를 구분하는 한남금북 금북정맥의 환경적 가치를 현재 통화액으로 추정하였다. 전통적인 산맥분류기준과 백두대간에 대한 인식여부에 대한 질문에서 응답자의 70% 이상이 들어보거나 알고 있다는 응답을 하였으나, 부속 산줄기인 한남금북 금북정맥에 대한 인식은 "모른다"는 응답이 66.8%를 보였다. 이는 백두대간에 대한 인지율은 높은 반면, 부속정맥의 인식은 매우 저조한 것으로 나타났다. 한남금북 금북정맥의 환경적 가치에 대한 추정기법은 DBDC응답방식으로 환경재의 가치추정방법에 널리 사용되는 CVM을 이용하였다. 그 결과, 1인당 한남금북 금북정맥을 방문할 때 얻는 추가적인 효용은 5,813원으로 추정되었다. 이 금액은 평균방문비용인 51,984원에 비해 매우 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 그 이유는 자연성의 훼손, 등산로의 단조로움, 무분별한 환경파괴의 진행 등이 영향을 미친 것으로 판단하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 백두대간과 부속정맥의 대국민홍보와 자원보전, 가치인식에 대한 새로운 시각을 제공해 줄 것이며, 향후 한남금북 금북정맥 방문자들에게는 효율적인 서비스 제공을, 한남금북 금북정맥이 속한 지방자치단체에게는 가치상승과 보존을 위한 기본적 계획과 관리를 위한 자료로서의 역할을 할 것으로 판단한다. 본 연구를 통한 향후의 연구과제는 한남금북 금북정맥 관리 범위의 적절한 설정과 가치 상승을 위한 다양한 기관들과의 업무 분장과 관리의 틀을 만들어 가는데 있다.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.318-324
• /
• 2004

목적: Philips GEMINI PET/CT 스캐너는 GSO 섬광결정을 사용해 제작된 전신용 PET/CT 스캐너이다. 이 연구에서는 NEMA에서 새롭게 제안한 NEMA NU2-2001에 따라 GEMINI PET/CT 스캐너의 공간분해능, 민감도, 산란분획, NECR 등을 평가하고 그 결과를 BGO, LSO등의 섬광결정의 특성과 비교하였다. 대상 및 방법: GEMINI는 Philips ALLEGRO PET과 MX8000 D multi-slice CT 스캐너를 결합한 PET/CT 스캐너로서 검출기는 GSO 섬광결정 ($4{\times}6{\times}20mm^3$)을 사용하였고 축방향 시야는 18 cm이다. 공간분해능. 민감도, 산란분획, NECR 등을 평가하기 위하여 PET 데이터를 획득하였다(동시계수창: 8 ns, 에너지창: $409{\sim}664$ keV). 공간분해능 측정을 위하여 축횡단면의 중심에서 1 cm, 10 cm 떨어진 지점의 각 3지점((a) x=0, y=1, (b)x=10, y=0, (c)x=0, y=10)에서 영상을 획득한 다음 여과후역투사방법(램프필터 사용)과 3D RAMLA를 이용하여 영상재구성을 하고 FWHM을 구하였다. 민감도 측정을 위하여 선선원(F-18)을 축횡단면의 중심과 중심에서 10 cm 벗어난 지점에서 5개의 알루미늄관을 차례로 씌워 매질감쇠에 따라 달라지는 참계수를 구하고 이 값을 회귀분석하여 감쇠매질이 없는 이상적인 상황에서의 민감도를 측정하였다(랜덤계수가 참계수의 1%이내). 산란분획과 NECR을 측정하기 위하여 F-18 선선원(1110 MBq)을 산란팬텀에 주입하여 7반감기동안 계수를 획득하였다. SSRB을 사용하여 3D 데이터를 재구성한 다음 랜덤계수율이 참계수율이 1% 미만인 영역에서 산란분획을 구하고 각 횡단면의 값을 평균하여 전체 산란분획을 얻었다. 이 값을 기초로 각 프레임, 각 횡단면에 대한 랜덤계수율, 산란계수율, NECR을 구하였다. 결과: 스캐너의 중심에서 1 cm 벗어난 지점에서 횡축방향, 축방향 공간분해능은 (1) 5.3, 6.5 mm (FBP), (2) 5.1, 5.9 mm (3D RAMLA)이었다. 횡단면의 중심에서 10 cm 벗어난 지점에서 횡축반경방향, 횡축접선방향, 축방향 공간분해능은 (1) 5.7, 5.7, 7.0 mm (FBP), (2) 5.4, 5.4, 6.4 mm (3D RAMLA)이었다. 감쇠매질이 없는 이상적인 상황에서의 민감도는 횡단면의 중심에서 3,620 counts/sec/MBq, 횡단면의 중심에서 10 cm 벗어난 지점에서 4,324 counts/sec/MBq이었다. 산란분획은 40.6%, 최대 참계수율과 최대 NECR은 각각 88.9 kcps @ 12.9 kBq/mL, 34.3 kcps @ 8.84 kBq/mL이었다. 결론: 이 실험에서 NEMA NU2-2001을 이용해 GSO 섬광결정을 사용해 제작된 PET/CT에 대한 성능 평가를 실시하였다. 이는 BGO, LSO 섬광결정을 사용해 제작된 PET 스캐너의 특성과 비교할 수 있는 자료를 제공하며 PET 영상 획득 시 객관적 평가와 분석에 유용하였다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
• /
• 제47권2호
• /
• pp.86-113
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 고문헌 분석을 통해 조선시대 취병의 특성과 제요소를 분석하고 주합루 취병의 원형적 물상을 고찰한 것으로서 다음의 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, "임원경제지", "증보산림경제" 등의 문헌분석결과 취병은 지지대의 종류, 식물소재, 식재형식에 따라 분류되었다. 지지대는 대나무, 진장목(眞長木), 기류(杞柳)에 따라 분류되며, 사용된 식물소재는 소나무, 주목, 측백나무 등의 상록침엽교목의 사용이 우세했다. 식재방법은 자연지반에 심는 것이 일반적으로 나타났으나, 분을 사용하여 인공지반에도 조성하였다. 둘째, 문헌에서 취병은 상록수를 사용한 식물 병풍에서만 사용된 용어였으며, 이의 상위범주어는 '병(屛)'으로 지시되었다. 즉 취병은 사계절 푸른 상록수의 특성을 일컫는 '취(翠)'와 대나무로 지지대를 만든 수벽 구조물인 '병'을 합성한 말이다. 또한 취병이라는 명칭에는 자연 산수를 묘사하는 문학적 상징성과 무산십이봉에 내재된 신선사상이 융화되어 있었다. 셋째, 1880년대에 촬영된 주합루 취병은 주목으로 보이는 침엽수로 이루어져 있었으며 높이가 거의 2m에 달했다. 일제강점기 때 취병은 철거되었으나 취병의 소재로 사용된 주목이 몇 주 존치되어 있었고, 식재 시기가 불분명한 향나무가 어수문 양 옆으로 줄기를 늘어뜨린 채로 가꿔지고 있었다. 이 향나무는 한일병합 후 일본인에 의해 이입된 것으로 추정되는데, 같은 시기에 어수문 좌우 협문이 변형되어 일본 건물의 합각모양을 한 지붕이 씌워졌던 것으로 판단된다. 넷째, 2008년 창덕궁 주합루 취병은 복구되었으나, 정밀한 고증의 부재로 원형적인 취병과는 거리가 멀었다. 특히 식재된 조릿대가 동해를 입어 상당 부분 고사됨으로써 취병이 제 기능을 못하고 있는 바 가능한 본래의 식물소재를 사용하여 원형을 살리는 노력이 필요하다. 또한 취병 제작기술의 개발, 현대 조경에 응용하는 것은 과제로 남아있다.

• 지능정보연구
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.73-85
• /
• 2013

정보기술의 비약적 발전에 힘입어, 오늘날 기업들은 지금까지 축적한 고객 데이터를 기반으로 맞춤형 서비스를 제공하는 것에 많은 관심을 가지고 있다. 고객에게 소구하는 맞춤형 서비스를 효과적으로 제공하기 위해서는 우선 그 고객이 처한 상태나 상황을 정확하게 인지하는 것이 중요하다. 특히, 고객에게 서비스가 전달되는 이른바 진실의 순간에 해당 고객의 감정 상태를 정확히 인지할 수 있다면, 기업은 더 양질의 맞춤형 서비스를 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 이와 관련하여 사람의 얼굴과 행동을 이용하여 사람의 감정을 판단하고 개인화 서비스를 제공하기 위한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 얼굴 표정을 통해 사람의 감정을 판단하는 연구는 좀 더 미세하고 확실한 변화를 통해 정확하게 감정을 판단할 수 있지만, 장비와 환경의 제약으로 실제 환경에서 다수의 관객을 대상으로 사용하기에는 다소 어려움이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 Plutchik의 감정 분류 체계를 기반으로 사람들의 행동을 통해 감정을 추론해내는 모형을 개발하는 것을 목표로 한다. 본 연구는 콘텐츠에 의해 유발된 사람들의 감정적인 변화를 사람들의 행동 변화를 통해 판단하고 예측하는 모형을 개발하고, 4가지 감정 별 행동 특징을 추출하여 각 감정에 따라 최적화된 예측 모형을 구축하는 것을 목표로 한다. 모형 구축을 위해 사람들에게 적절한 감정 자극영상을 제공하고 그 신체 반응을 수집하였으며, 사람들의 신체 영역을 나누었다. 특히, 모션캡쳐 분야에서 널리 쓰이는 차영상 기법을 적용하여 사람들의 제스쳐를 추출 및 보정하였다. 이후 전처리 과정을 통해 데이터의 타임프레임 셋을 20, 30, 40 프레임의 3가지로 설정하고, 데이터를 학습용, 테스트용, 검증용으로 구분하여 인공신경망 모형을 통해 학습시키고 성과를 평가하였다. 다수의 일반인들을 대상으로 수집된 데이터를 이용하여 제안 모형을 구축하고 평가한 결과, 프레임셋에 따라 예측 성과가 변화함을 알 수 있었다. 감정 별 최적 예측 성과를 보이는 프레임을 확인할 수 있었는데, 이는 감정에 따라 감정의 표출 시간이 다르기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 이는 행동에 기반한 제안된 감정예측모형이 감정에 따라 효과적으로 감정을 예측할 수 있으며, 실제 서비스 환경에서 사용할 수 있는 효과적인 알고리즘이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.801-809
• /
• 2019

큰 병변에 대한 기존 감마나이프 방사선수술은 종종 체적 또는 선량 분할 단계들로 수행된다. 체적 분할의 경우, 병변은 처방된 선량 하에서 하루 또는 이틀, 3 ~ 6개월로 분할된 다중 세션에서 조사되는 하위 체적들로 분할되곤 한다. 치료의 전체 과정 동안, 이전 단계의 치료 정보는 세션 사이의 좌표 변환을 통해 새로 장착된 정위 프레임 상의 후속 세션에 반영될 필요가 있다. 그러나 동일한 정위 공간을 제외하고 기존 감마나이프 시스템으로는 이전 선량 분포를 구현하는 것은 실제로 어렵다. 최신 감마나이프 플랫폼을 사용하여 다단계 치료를 수행할 수 있기 때문에 치료 영역이 확장되고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 정위적 공간에 기초한 영상 정합과 새로운 감마나이프 플랫폼을 사용하여 각 단계에서 처방 선량 결정과 같은 다단계 감마나이프 방사선수술 전략을 소개하는 것이다. 일반적으로 영상 정합에서 수술적으로 내장된 기준점 또는 내부 해부학적 랜드마크들이 변환 관계를 결정하는데 사용된다. 저자는 내부 해부학적 랜드마크들을 사용하는 예로서 4개 또는 6개의 해부학적 랜드마크를 사용하는 다중 세션 간의 좌표 변환 정확도를 비교하였다. 측정된 좌표들과 계산된 좌표들 사이의 불일치를 최소화하기 위해서 PseudoInverse 또는 Singular Value Decomposition을 사용하여 두 정위 공간 사이의 변환 행렬이 결정되었다. 변환 정확도를 평가하기 위해 측정된 좌표와 변환된 좌표들 사이의 차이, 즉 ${\Delta}r$이 10개의 랜드마크들을 사용하여 계산되었다. 10개의 랜드마크들 중 4개 또는 6개의 점들을 사용하여 좌표 변환을 결정하고 나머지는 접근 방법을 평가하는데 사용되었다. 두 가지 접근 방법에서 각각의 ${\Delta}r$ 값은 0.6 ~ 2.4 mm, 0.17 ~ 0.57 mm 범위이었다. 게다가 병변 분할의 경우 한 번에 전체 병변의 치료와 동일한 효과를 제공하는 처방 선량을 결정하는 방법이 제안되었다. 동일한 정위 공간에서의 다단계 치료 전략은 전체 병변에 대한 치료를 먼저 디자인하는 것이며, 전체 치료 디자인 샷들은 각 단계 치료의 샷들로 나누어 각 단계별 샷들을 구성하고 각 단계에서 적절한 처방 선량을 결정한다. 결론적으로 저자는 다단계 치료 전략으로서 처방 선량 결정의 정확성을 확인하였고, 다중 세션 간의 좌표 변환을 결정하기 위해 적은 랜드마크들을 사용하는 것보다 가능한 많은 내부 랜드마크들을 사용하는 것이 더 나은 결과를 산출함을 보았다. 향후 제안된 다단계 치료 전략은 여러 감마나이프 센터들의 틀 없는 분할 치료에 크게 기여할 것이라 사료된다.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.268-281
• /
• 2004

본 연구는 실제 정치망 어장에서의 조류에 따른 어구 형상 변형을 추정하고, 그 변형을 최소화시키며 어구의 기본 기능을 유지시키는데 필요한 수중 현상과 어구 내부용적을 적절하게 유지할 수 있는 설계의 기본 자료를 얻기 위한 목적으로 회류 수조에서 모형실험을 실시하였으며, 흐름에 따른 대뜸의 멍줄에 작용하는 장력, 정치망 내의 유속변화와 그물형상의 변화를 측정하였다. 1. 유속이 0.0m/s에서 0.6m/s로 증가 할 때에 유속 (v)에 따른 장력(R)의 실험식은 운동장 조상의 경우 R=$19.58v^{1.98}$($r^2$=0.98) 원통 조상인 경우, R=$26.90v^{1.72}$($r^2$=0.95)이었다. 2. 유속변화는 흐름이 망내부를 통과함에 따라 감소하여 운동장이 조상인 경우, 제1원통내부에서 0.1m/s일 때 약 70%, 0.2m/s일 때 60%, 0.3m/s일 때 약 50%, 0.4~0.6m/s에서는 약 40%정도로 초기유속에 비해 감소하였다. 원통이 조상측일 경우, 제2원통을 통과한 흐름은 초기 유속의 약 30~60%로 급격히 감소하였고, 제1원통에서는 약 20~30% 비탈그물에서는 약 10~20%정도 감소하였고, 운동장내에서 다시 유속이 증가하였다. 3. 운동장이 흐름의 조상측인 경우, 운동장그물의 기울기 변화량은 0~70$^{\circ}$까지, 비탈그물은 0~63$^{\circ}$까지 변화하였고, 조하측인 제2원통은 0~47$^{\circ}$까지 변화하였다. 유속이 증가함에 따른 까래그물의 깊이 변화는 초기 깊이에 보다 제1원통과 제2원통이 약 0~45%정도, 비탈그물이 약 0~37% 정도로 감소하였다. 4. 원통이 흐름의 조상측인 경우, 제2원통의 기울기 변화량은 약 0~70$^{\circ}$까지, 비탈그물은 약 0~55$^{\circ}$까지, 조하측인 운동장은 0~50$^{\circ}$까지 였다. 까래그물의 깊이 변화는 초기 깊이와 비교해서 제1원통은 약 0~35%, 제2원통은 약 0~20%, 비탈그물은 약 0~35%까지 감소하였으며, 유속이 0.5m/s이상에서 비탈그물이 원통 입구까지 부상하여, 원통 입구를 90%이상 막았다. 5. 어구의 변형을 최소화하고 전개용적을 증가시키기 위해서는 입구 및 운동장 부분에서는 힘출의 저조시 수심 위치에 중량추를 부착하고, 운동장 바깥쪽과 제1원통의 섶장과 까래그물 제2원통의 바깥쪽, 비탈그물의 까래에 부가 중량추를 부착하는 것이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 산업진흥연구
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2022

본 연구는 에스핑-앤더슨의 복지국가체제론을 연구하여 한국의 실정에 맞는 복지국가의 모형을 개발하여 이를 현실에 적용하고자 한다. 본 연구방법에 있어서 기본적으로 이데올로기를 연구 분석하고 이를 에스핑-앤더슨의 복지국가체제론을 중심으로 하여 이를 한국적 상황에 알맞게 적용하는 방법을 사용하고 있다. 복지국가의 모형에 관한 연구는, 1965년 윌렌스키와 르보에 의해 주장된 보완적 모형과 제도적 모형의 분류 이후에 다양한 모형들이 연구되고 있다. 또한 에스핑-안데르센은 이데올로기에 따른 복지국가의 모형으로 세 가지를 주장하고 있는 데, 첫째, 자유주의 복지체제는 고전적 자본주의의 모습에 가장 잘 부합하는 데에는 시장 역할이 중심적이며, 시장을 통한 개인주의적 연대에 방해가 될 수 있는 국가 또는 가족의 역할은 실제로 주변화 되어 있다. 또한 시장을 통한 개인주의적 연대에 대해 최대한 장려하기 위해서는 국가영역에서의 탈상품화는 최소화 경향으로 흐르고 있다. 둘째, 보수주의적 복지체제는 가족주의적 요소가 강해서 사회적 연대의 근원은 가족이며, 국가는 이 가족의 특성을 지원, 보완하는 역할을 한다. 보수주의적 체제에서 탈상품화가 가구주에게 높게 나타나거나, 복지제도가 조합주의적이고 국가주의적 형태를 띠는 것은 이러한 특성을 반영한 결과라고 할 수 있다. 셋째, 사회민주주의적 복지체제는 사회적 연대의 근원이 국가이다. 따라서 국가 역할이 크고, 국가는 탈상품화 가능성이 높으며, 보편주의적 개입에 의해서 가족과 시장에 대한 대체 특성을 갖는다. 본 연구는 에스핑-앤더슨의 3가지 복지국가의 모형을 적용하여 한국 실정에 알맞은 모형을 연구한 것이다. 결론적으로 에스핑-앤더슨의 3가지 복지국가의 모형은 자유주의적 복지체제에 기반한 시장 중심적 모형, 보수주의적 조합주의 복지체제에 기반한 지위 중심적 모형, 사회민주주의적 복지체제에 기반한 연대 중심적 모형으로 분류할 수 있으며, 한국형 모델로는 자유주의와 보수주의의 절충형을 제시하였다.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.