• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.45-59
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• 2011

When using X-12-ARIMA for seasonal adjustment, we usually check whether the series has stable seasonality or not via D8 F-tests, Kruskal-Wallis test, and the spectral diagnostics. In this paper, we develop several smooth tests for seasonality based on a Fourier series to improve the spectral diagnostics of X-12-ARIMA. A simulation study is conducted to compare five smooth tests for seasonality and X-12-ARIMA's D8 F-test an Kruskal-Wallis test. The simulation study shows that smooth tests for seasonality performed well compared with D8 F-tests and a Kruskal-Wallis test.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.359-368
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• 2008

Black soybean has been widely utilized as foods and oriental medicinal materials. The pigmentation in the seed coat of black soybean is due to accumulate anthocyanins in the epidermis palisade layer. The anthocyanins of black soybean seed coat are considered as a parameter of quality evaluation of black soybean. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the most suitable HPLC condition for simultaneous determination of anthocyanins in black soybean seed coats extracts. The efficient HPLC analytical condition of D3G, C3G, and Pt3G contained extracts of black soybean seed coats was developed. The gradient elution employed a $250\;mm\;{\times}\;4.6\;mm$ i.d. YMC-pak ODS-AM 303 column. The gradient system was used two mobile phases. A gradient elution was performed with mobile phase A, consisting of 5% aqueous formic acid, and mobile phase B, comprising 5% formic acid - acetonitrile, and delivered at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min as follows: $0{\sim}35\;min$, $90%\;A{\sim}60%\;A$; 36 min, 90% A; 46 min, 90% A. The UV-VIS. detection wavelength was set at 520 nm. The limit of detection (LOD) for D3G, C3G, and Pt3G were under 10 ng/mL.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.443-449
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• 2018

Acquiring indoor point cloud, using SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) based mobile mapping system, is an element progress for development of as-build BIM (Building Information Model) for the maintenance of the building. In this research we proposed a simulation-based target geometry determination for extrinsic calibration of multiple 2D laser scanning mobile system. Four different types of calibration sites were designed: (1) circle type; (2) rectangle type; (3) double circle type; and (4) double rectangle type. Based on the measurement values obtained from each simulated calibration site geometry, least squares solution based extrinsic calibration was derived. As a result, the rectangle type geometry is most suitable for extrinsic calibration of this system. Also, correlation values between extrinsic calibration parameters were high, and calibration results were distinct according to the calibration sites.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.34-38
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• 2016

This study aims to develop qualification criteria for training and establishing an expert pool of 3D printing operation experts and 3D printing development specialists in the emerging 3D printing industry. We investigate the domestic and international 3D printing industry, as well as 3D printing- related training institutions and quantity of test examinees. Utilizing competency analysis, this study examines the competencies and educational content of both 3D printing operation expert as well as 3D printing development specialists. In addition, a survey was conducted on the issue of institutionalization of qualification criteria for 3D printing operation expert and 3D printer development specialists. This study further proposes evaluation methods for qualification criteria for both 3D printing operation expert and 3D printer development specialists based on simulations of both written and performance tests. Based on the findings, this study proposes instructional program outlines as well as comprehensive guidelines for training and qualification processes for 3D printing operation expert and 3D printer development specialists.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.507-511
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• 2004

This research was carried out to offer the basic informations about new varietal breeding for specific use and physiological characteristics through investigation of detection, content variation and color difference of anthocyanin individual pigments within seed coats in domestic black soybean. The seed of thirteen cultivars such as Geomjeongkong 1, Geomjeongkong 2, Seonheugkong, Tawonkong, Ilpumgeomjeongkong, Geomjeongolkong, Cheongjakong, Jinju 1, Heugcheongkong, Juinunikong-Y, Juinunikong-G, Geomjeongkong 3, Geomjeongkong 4 was tested. C3G (cyanidin-3-glucoside) was detected in only Geomjeongkong 1 and Seonheugkong but D3G (delphinidin-3-glucoside) and C3G were found in Heugcheongkong. The rest cultivars that there were three anthocyanins such as D3G, C3G, and Pt3G (petunidin-3-glucoside). Anthocyanin content of tested cultivars showed a high variation. The ranges of D3G, C3G, Pt3G, and TA (total anthocyanin) contents were $0.55\~2.63mg/g,\;2.77\~8.38mg/g,\;0.38\~5.65mg/g,\;and\;3.32\~16.92mg/g$, respectively. These contents showed variation among cultivars as well as variation between two years, 2001-2002. As a result of variation of anthocyanin color difference, the ranges of L (lightness), a (redness), and b (yellowness) as Hunter's value were $34.09\~42.89,\;12.77\!22.85,\;and\;5.36\~12.10$, respectively, and these color differences showed variation among cultivars and also variation between two years, 2001-2002. D3G, C3G, Pt3G, and TA showed reciprocally a positive correlation being representive of high significance.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.275-282
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• 2009

The effect of two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on plant growth and systemic protection against soft rot disease and stem rot disease of canola (Brassica napus), caused by Erwinia carotovora and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was investigated in a laboratory and a greenhouse. Selected PGPR strains C4 and D8 were treated to canola seeds by soaking. Strains C4 and D8 significantly not only increased plant height and root length about 74% and 40.3% and also reduced disease severity of soft rot disease by 80% by C4 and D8 respectively, compared to the control. Especially strain C4 showed antifungal activity against 6 fungal pathogens, S. sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum acutatum. In greenhouse experiment, the seed treatment of both of them increased plant height, leaf width and leaf length of canola plant to 19.5% and 24.9%, 11.3% and 15.3%, and 14.1% and 20.7% by C4 and D8, respectively, and reduced disease severity of S. sclerotiorium. These results indicate that these two PGPR strains can decrease disease severity and increased plant growth under greenhouse condition. Therefore, these two bacteria have a potential in controlling Sclerotinia stem rot of canola. These strains have to investigate under field condition to determine their role of antibiosis, induced systemic resistance and plant growth promotion on canola.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.359-377
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• 1995

Morphological and isozyme analyses were used to examine closely related species of Tridentiger obscurus and \ulcorner: brevispinis, a pair of cryptic species which has intricate problem with regard to species boundary, and to clarify the taxonomic position. In this study, it was revealed from their 17 allopatric streams that there are differences of band ornamentation on the lateral side and three genetic markers between two species. However, genetic relationship between them (S = 0.813, D = 0.192) was within the intraspecific level of similarity. However, at the sympatry of two species no hybrid was found except at Bangjuk stream where the electrophoretic hybrids with slight deficiency of heterozygosity were observed. It is shown that at sympatry there is a finer microenvironmental subdivision between two species at all populations including Bangjuk stream. To manifest the extent of assortative mating, four syrnpatric subpopulations at Bangjuk stream were analyzed for departure from Hardy-Weinberg equillibrium by F-statistics. All subpopulations were deviated significantly from the expectation under random mating. The evidences presented here supports the recognition of Tridentiger obscurus and T. brevispinis as semispecies in the late stage of reproductive isolation

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

The Weighted Logrank test and its special case, Logrank test are widely used to compare survival distributions; however, these methods are inappropriate when the sample size is small or censoring distributions are not equal since they use test statistics from approximate distributions. A permutation test can be an alternative for small sample cases; however, this should be used only when censoring distributions are equal. To handle cases with small sample size and unequal censoring distributions, the permutation-imputation method was developed to compare two survival distributions. In this paper, approximate method, permutation method and permutation-imputation method were compared using a Logrank test and Prentice-Wilcoxon test for three or more survival distributions comparison.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.237-255
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• 2023

At a time when the textbooks publishing system is changing from government-administered to certified, it is necessary to analyze textbooks published in both systems. This study analyzed one government textbook and three certified textbooks on quadrilaterals based on the instructional components that must be taught in the area of 2-D shapes. As a result of the analysis, it was found that concept exploration was implemented appropriately, but classification activities were not presented in some lessons. In Defining Concepts, the definition of the concept was presented appropriately, but there were differences depending on the textbooks. In addition, it was found that there was little activity in talking about the components of shapes or shapes. In applying concepts, more diverse activities were presented in certified textbooks than in government textbooks. Knowing relationships are rarely presented in textbooks due to its influence on the curriculum. Based on the results of this analysis of quadrilaterals, this study provides textbook writers with implications on what to further consider is dealing with quadrilaterals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.320-322
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• 2018

선박이 부두의 계류시설에 접촉할 때 발생하는 접안에너지는 해당선박의 접안속도에 가장 큰 영향을 받는다. 접안속도가 과다할 경우 부두에 접촉하는 사고로까지 이어질 수 있으므로 각각의 부두 특성에 맞는 적절한 접안속도를 설계하는 것이 중요하다. 선박접안속도의 경우, 일반적으로 대수정규분포를 따른다고 가정하고 있으나 국내에서는 이에 대한 검증이나 연구가 없어 해외의 사례를 바탕으로 설계접안 속도를 설정하고 있는 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 부두의 선박접안속도를 설계하기 위한 통계학적인 접근으로 접안속도의 실측데이터를 토대로 그 빈도수를 히스토그램으로 표현하여 각각의 확률분포도와 비교 분석하고, 확률분포에 대한 검정법으로 K-S (Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test) 검정, A-D(Anderson-Darling) 검정, Q-Q(Quantile-Quantile) Plot 등을 이용하여 접안속도 분포에 적합한 확률분포도를 확인하였다. 분석 결과, 선박접안속도의 빈도분포는 일반적으로 알려진 대수정규분포 뿐만 아니라 Weibull 분포와 적합한 형태를 보이는 것을 알 수 있었다. 추가적으로 본 연구에서는 초과확률 개념에서의 접안속도의 예측치를 구하여 구해진 1/1000, 1/10000의 접안속도 예측치를 설계접안속도의 참고자료로 제안하고자 한다.