• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국벤처창업학회 2008년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.135-168
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• 2008

본 연구는 다국적 기업 한국자회사의 의사결정 자율성에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관하여 알아보았으며, 다국적 기업의 국제경영전략 및 유형에 따른 의사결정 자율성에 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 한국자회사의 시장 환경 불확실성은 정부환경, 경쟁 환경, 수요환경 및 공급환경 불확실성으로 구분되었고, 내부자원 특성은 생산능력, 재무능력, 마케팅능력 및 인사관리능력의 독립성으로, 경영성과는 총매출액 및 당기순이익, 시장점유율의 증가로 구분되었다. 정부환경과 경쟁 환경 불착실성, 재무능력과 마케팅능력의 독립성은 한국자회사의 의사결정 자율성에 부분적으로 영향을 미쳤고, 생산능력과 인사관리능력의 독립성은 모든 분야의 의사결정 자율성에 영향을 미치고 있었다 그리고 경영성과에서 총매출액 및 당기순이익, 시장점유율의 증가는 부분적으로 한국자회사의 의사결정 자율성에 영향을 미치고 있었다. 그리고 다국적 기업의 유형이 본국 및 세계중심주의보다 현지국 중심주의에서 한국자회사의 의사결정 자율성이 더 놀았다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통하여 본 연구는 한국자회사에서 모회사로부터 의사결정 자율성을 높일 수 있는 경영전략 수립에 대한 시사점을 제공하였다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제18권
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• pp.159-188
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• 2002

International joint ventures are usually formed and managed by domestic companies and foreign investors for the common objectives. They offer an opportunity for each partner to benefit significantly from the comparative advantages of the other. Local partners bring knowledge of the domestic market; familiarity with government bureaucracies and regulations; understanding of local labor markets; and existing manufacturing facilities. Foreign partners can offer advanced process and product technologies, management know-how, and access to export markets. In Korea, joint ventures have been encouraged to usher in foreign investors with foreign currency capital badly needed during the IMF financial crisis. In the meantime, Korean laws and regulations with respect to joint ventures have been largely overhauled to promote foreign direct investment (FDI) both inbound and outbound. They include four types of FDI, i.e., acquisition of foreign stocks, provision of long-term loans, participation in joint operations like resources development, and establishment of foreign offices. From the legal point of view, the formal joint venture agreement must be an offspring of a series of tough negotiations between domestic and foreign partners. They usually stress the long-term relationship with the good will and dedication to each other, and restrict the free transfer of stocks. Both partners are earnestly interested in the ownership and management of the joint venture. So they keep a close eye on the articles of incorporation, changes of business environment, conflict resolution methods, transparency of accounting and other financial matters. When a multinational corporation (MNC) is involved in the joint venture, conflicts over management strategies, marketing and other issues take place more often than not between the MNC and local partners. We have to pay attention to joint ventures, particularly, in China and North Korea. As witnessed in other transition economies, China is eagerly bringing in foreign direct investments for the development of nation's economy. China encourages foreign investors to establish ordinary joint ventures, contractual joint ventures, solely invested foreign capital companies and jointly operated development companies with local partners. In North Korea, however, joint ventures have a different meaning like contractual joint ventures in China, in which North Korean partners have an initiative in the management. Rather, jointly operated companies or simply processing-for-wage companies are recommended in view of the unpredictable legal infrastructure in North Korea.

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.1-48
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• 2013

Taking the cases of Korean garment factories in Binh Duong area, this study aims to explain the phases and causes of the wildcat strikes that have rapidly expanded recently in Vietnam. For the purpose, this study raises several questions as follows. Why the strikes sometimes increase and decrease other times? Why the factory workers prefer a wildcat strike even though it is politically risky, unproductive, and complicated? By the same token, why the foreign management cannot or will not preemptively preclude the wildcat strikes that are usually predictable and the workers are mostly able to accomplish their demands? While answering these questions, this study explores the economic, political, and socio-cultural conditions of the wildcat strikes respectively. Based on the fieldwork in around 30 Korean owned garment factories and the interview with around 100 Vietnamese factory workers in Binh Duong, this study confirms several findings on the phases and causes of the strikes in the area in specific and in Vietnam in general. First, the annual trends of the wildcat strikes reflect the macroeconomic conditions in which the consumer prices and the labor market in Vietnamese economy and business conditions in the world economy are pivotal. Second, however, the influence of macroeconomic conditions on both the management and the workers in the garment factories are differential, depending on the financial situations of the multinational corporations and the workers' capability of reproducing their household economies. Thirdly, the possibility of the wildcat strike in each factory is relatively independent on the financial conditions of a factory and rather associated with the stable political structure and active political processes within the factory that enable the management and the workers to efficiently communicate each other. Lastly, the necessity of establishing political stability in a factory arises from the distinctive social and cultural characteristics of the multinational corporation in which foreign managers and native workers inevitably live in separate and different socio-cultural worlds.

• 무역학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.23-45
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• 2018

본 연구는 물류성과가 개발도상국으로 유입되는 FDI에 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 물류 성과지표 중에서 운송 인프라와 화물의 적시성은 저소득 국가로의 FDI에 통계적으로 유의하게 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 중소득국가를 대상으로 분석한 경우에는 화물의 적시성만이 FDI에 유의하게 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 차이는 저소득국가와 중소득국가로 이루어지는 FDI의 성격이 다르기 때문이다. 저소득국가로 이루어지는 FDI는 저임금에 기초한 생산비절감을 위한 것이고, 중소득국가의 경우는 생산비절감을 위한 FDI와 소비시장 확대를 위한 FDI가 복합적으로 이루어지고 있기 때문이다. 무역비용(Trade Cost)의 일부로 볼 수 있는 물류성과지표는 무역뿐만 아니라 오프쇼어링을 목적으로 하는 FDI 유입에까지 영향을 미치고 있다고 할 수 있다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.469-480
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the meaning and the value of the cultural collage expressed in men's fashion. As for the research methodology, literary research was under taken to study psychoanalytical and socioeconomic contexts in which cultural collage has been formed. In addition, demonstrative studies in men's fashion were undertaken through the analysis of pictures. The cultural collage is defined as a phenomena of making creativity by combining cultures which have no relevance. In psychological and sociological aspects, the rise of the cultural collage is caused by multinational corporation, pluralization of identity, information society, consumer oriented production, consumer society and inundation of kitsch. On the basis of the characteristics and social backgrounds of cultural collage, the aesthetic values of men's fashion can be explained by pluralism de-generalization and relativity.

• 무역학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.137-155
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the antecedents and consequences of host country managers (HCMs)' acculturative stress in multinational corporation (MNC) subsidiaries in Korea. We suggest that HCMs' national identification (NI) positively and organizational identification (OI) negatively influence on the HCMs' acculturative stress. In addition, we propose that HCMs' OI negatively moderate the relationship between HCMs' NI and acculturative stress. Moreover, we hypothesize a negative relationship between HCMs' acculturative stress and work engagement. To test these hypotheses, we performed hierarchical regression analysis and mediation analysis of 643 HCMs in 60 MNC subsidiaries that originate from 11 countries. Results of analyses revealed that all the hypotheses were supported except H1 (positive relationship between HCMs' NI and acculturative stress). The present findings provide theoretical and managerial implications, and we provide suggestion for future research.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.129-153
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• 2010

이 글에서 다루고자 하는 주요 퍼즐은 '왜 영국은 19세기 말 ~ 20세기 초 기간 동안 다른 국가와 달리 초국적기업이 출현하는 일반 구조를 발전시키지 못했는가?'이다. 이에 대해 필자는 비록 완전한 대답은 아니지만 근본적으로 영국 사회의 속성을 보여주는 '사회적 구성(Social construction)'의 맥락에서 그 원인을 규명하고자 한다. 이러한 목적 하에 이 글은 사건을 둘러싼 행위자들의 이해관계와 (사건에 대한)통제력이 빚어내는 사건의 가치 상승효과를 고려한다. 이 글의 결론은 다음과 같다: 첫째, 영국 사회 내에 팽배해 있었던 산업자본주의에 대한 경멸과 대기업 및 초국적 기업 육성의 필요성에 대한 영국 정부의 불식, 그리고 신사적 지배층의 확산과 더불어 수반된 시티의 상업-금융 자본가들의 영향력 확대 등도 영국 기업의 초국적화를 가로막았다. 둘째, 영국의 정치적 지배구조와 경제구조의 토대는 지속과 변화를 동시에 보여주었다. 1850년 이래 영국 사회구조는 점진적으로 시티의 상업-금융 자본가들의 영향력이 강화되는 구도로 형상화되었다. 그리고 그 결과는 제조업체의 초국적화가 아닌 금융서비스업의 초국적화였다. 셋째, 영국 엘리트 집단들이 주도한 사회연결망의 형상은 단절과 연계로 구분되는 행위자들의 이해관계와 통제력을 통해 구성된다. 서로의 이익이 상호보완적이었던 것과 달리 통제력의 차원에서 초기에는 지주계급과 상업-금융 자본가들의 자발적 동기에 기반 한 의도된 연계가 형성되었으나 결국 통제력의 소유는 산업자본가들을 배제한 채 상업-금융자본가들에게로 이전되어 사회연결망의 재구축이 이루어졌다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2015

Purpose - There is a lack of research on how much corporate control is sufficient for effective subsidiary business-related decision making. To address this research gap, this study analyzes the impact of the level of control of a Korean corporation's headquarters on its overseas subsidiary performance. Research design, data, methodology - The study's sample comes from the Overseas Korean Business Directory of KOTRA. A multiple regression analysis empirically confirmed the relationship between the headquarters level of control over the subsidiaries and their performance. Results - The results show that the greater an organization's headquarters control over strategic issues, the greater the subsidiary's non-financial performance. However, quick decision-making through decentralization promotes the rapid selection of successful new products that can provide a competitive advantage. Conclusion - This study shows that the impact of control levels on subsidiary performance depends on the type of control involved. Specifically, while low levels of control over operational issues had a positive (+) influence on subsidiary non-financial performance, high control levels led to improved non-financial performance with regard to strategic issues among the subsidiaries.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.184-202
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• 2021

Purpose - This study empirically investigates the relationship between expatriate CEOs of multinational corporation (MNC) foreign subsidiaries and local philanthropy. Since corporate social responsibility (CSR) enables MNCs to achieve local legitimacy, this research argues that local philanthropy is a valuable strategic means for expatriate CEOs of foreign subsidiaries to secure local legitimacy. Design/methodology - To investigate our argument, we use a sample of 5,459 observations from 576 foreign subsidiaries of MNCs in Korea between 2002 and 2016. We conduct a random-effects panel Tobit regression with subsidiary CEO having foreign nationality as the independent variable and local philanthropy as the dependent variable. Findings - Our main findings are that expatriate CEOs of foreign subsidiaries are more actively engaged in local philanthropy. In addition, the positive relationship between expatriate CEOs and local philanthropy is weaker as their tenure increases. Originality/value - How expatriate CEOs overcome their weak local legitimacy as foreigners in a host country has remained unclear because existing studies mainly focused on the control and coordination aspects of staffing expatriates in CEO positions of foreign subsidiaries. This study broadens the literature on subsidiary CEO staffing and CSR activities of MNCs by identifying complementary relationships between expatriate CEOs and corporate philanthropy in the host country.

• Journal of East Asia Management
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

This study suggests an integrated theoretical framework for the relationship between political risk and multinational corporation (MNC) subsidiary's performance in the emerging market. The political risk would have a negative impact on MNC subsidiary's performance in the emerging countries that are developing in Asia, the Commonwealth of Independent States, Africa, and South America. The major reason is that political risks could generate a loss of benefit or a loss of control for MNC's subsidiary. In this study, I suggest that corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy would be a solution to overcome various political risks. Specifically, the affiliated firms with diversified industries or greater financial resources could mitigate the negative impact of political risk than unaffiliated firms. Because they can use their tangible or nontangible asset such as information, technology, and construction in order to gain legitimacy and trust from local government, local community, and local firms in the emerging market. Finally, I claimed the costs of the affiliated firms would exceed the benefits at the initial stages, while the benefits of affiliated firms would exceed the costs over time when political risks become higher. The reason is that the trust gained from local stakeholders accumulates over time and the impact of CSR strategy would become an important solution to overcome the risks in and unstable context.