• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.138-145
• /
• 2015

Heavy metal pollution in agricultural field near the abandoned metal mines is a critical problem in Korea. General remediation technique is to apply chemical amendments and soil covering. However, there is no specific guidelines for conducting soil covering. Therefore, main objective of this research was to determine optimum soil covering technique with microcosm experiment. Three different chemical amendments, lime stone (LS), steel slag (SS), and acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS), were examined and varied soil covering depth, 20, 30, 40cm, was applied to determine optimum remediation technique. Bioavailable heavy metal concentration in soil and total concentration of heavy metals in crop were monitored. Result showed that average heavy metal concentration in varied soil covering depth was ordered as 40 cm ($14.5mg\;kg^{-1}$) < 20 cm ($14.6mg\;kg^{-1}$) < 30 cm ($16.0mg\;kg^{-1}$) and also heavy metal concentration in crop was ordered as 40 cm ($100{\mu}g\;kg^{-1}$) < 30 cm ($183{\mu}g\;kg^{-1}$) < 20 cm ($190{\mu}g\;kg^{-1}$). In terms of chemical amendments, average heavy metal concentration was decreased as AMDS ($150{\mu}g\;kg^{-1}$) < SS ($151{\mu}g\;kg^{-1}$) < LS ($154{\mu}g\;kg^{-1}$). Overall, depth of soil covering should be over 30 cm to minimize bioaccumulation of heavy metals and SS and LS could be applied in heavy metal contaminated soil for remediation purposes.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.1237-1241
• /
• 2012

Heavy metal pollution in agricultural field has been a critical issue in worldwide. For this reason, remediation technologies for heavy metal polluted soil are applied especially near at the abandoned metal mine. Soil quality analysis is also an important factor for proper management in heavy metal polluted agricultural field. In this study, scoring function was utilized to evaluate soil quality in heavy metal polluted agricultural field. Among other soil properties, bulk density, soil pH, EC, $NH_4$-N, $NO_3$-N, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were determined for minimum data set (MDS) with principal component analysis. Result showed that both upland and paddy soil contaminated with heavy metal were not suitable for crop growth except scoring of soil pH for paddy soil and CEC for upland soil. This result might indicate that chemical stabilization technology with chemical amendment could be adapted for remediation method for heavy metal polluted agiclutural field not only for heavy metal immobilization but also enhancement of soil condition for crop growth.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.799-811
• /
• 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate heavy metal contamination and pollution index of agricultural soils around industrial complexes in the Jeon-Buk Regions of Korea. Soil samples near industrial complexes in 2017 were collected at two depths (0 - 15 and 15 - 30 cm) within a 500- and 1000-meter radius before planting. Eight heavy metals (Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), Cupper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and zinc (Zn)) and the pollution index (PI), geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and soil pollution index (SPI) were evaluated based on soil contamination warning standard (SCWS). Overall, the heavy metal concentrations were below the SCWS. The PI ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 and categorized into Group 1 which is not polluted with any heavy metals. The average Igeo values of all the soil samples ranged from - 2.56 to 3.22. The Igeo values of Cd and Hg may not represent well the pollution index because the heavy metal concentrations in the soil is lower compared to the SCWS. In fact, based on the heavy metal concentrations, the Igeo for monitored soils should be categorized into Group 1, uncontaminated to moderately contaminated. However, the Igeo of Cd and Hg are classified into heavily contaminated. These results suggest that for calculating the Igeo, the heavy metal concentration and background concentration should be used very carefully if the heavy metal concentration in the soil is lower than the background concentration. SPI for all the soil samples ranged from 0.00 to 0.11 which indicates no heavy metal pollution was observed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.497-500
• /
• 1998

A new strain of Bacillus capable of growing upto pH 11 was isolated from a local pond polluted with detergents. This strain elicited unimpaired growth in media supplemented with heavy metals such as As, Cu, Cd, Hg, Ni and Zn. A MIC value of 200, 3, 1.60, 2.25, 7.50 and 3.70 mM was noticed for As, Cu, Cd, Hg, Ni and Zn respectively. Analysis of total DNA revealed the presence of a plasmid of 26 kb. This plasmid was lost by acriflavine treatment to the cultures. Such cured strains were found sensitive to heavy metals. Our findings suggest that incidence of heavy metal resistance is widely distributed and resistant strains could be isolated from heavy metal unpolluted sites.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.537-545
• /
• 2007

The heavy metal removal capacity of filamentous green alga Cladophora sp. cultured together with wet-mixed solidified soil (loess) was tested. A Cladophora sp. was cultured for 5d, with added Chu No. 10 medium, in stream water contaminated by high concentration of heavy metals from a closed mine effluent. Heavy metal ion concentrations of the medium and in algal tissue were measured every day during the experiment. Dissolved metals (Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) in medium were rapidly removed (over 90% elimination) within 1-2d when alga and loess were added. Dissolved heavy metals dropped by only 10% when algae were cultured without loess. The Cladophora sp. accumulated much more heavy metals when cultured with loess than when the alga was cultured alone. Cladophora sp. exhibited a maximum uptake capacity for Al ($17,000{\mu}g^{-1}$ algal dry weight). The metal bioremoval capacities of the algae were in the order Al, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Cd. The heavy metal removal capacity of Cladophora sp. showed significant increases when wet-mixed solidified soil was added to culture media.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.51 no.5
• /
• pp.343-353
• /
• 2023

Lichens play crucial roles in the ecosystems, contributing to soil formation and nutrient cycling, and being used in biomonitoring efforts to assess the sustainability of ecosystems including air quality. Previous studies on heavy metal accumulation in lichens have mostly relied on manipulated environments, such as transplanted lichens, leaving us with a dearth of research on how lichens physiologically respond to heavy metal exposure in their natural habitats. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated lichens from two of South Korea's geographically distant regions, Gangwon Province and Jeju Island, and examined whether difference in ambient heavy metal concentrations could be detected through physiological variables, including chlorophyll damage, lipid oxidation, and protein content. The physiological variables of lichens in response to heavy metals differed according to the collection area: Arsenic exerted a significant impact on chlorophyll degradation and protein content. The degree of fatty acid oxidation in lichens was associated with increased Cu concentrations. Our research highlights the value of lichens as a bioindicator, as we found that even small variations in ambient heavy metal concentrations can be detected in natural lichens. Furthermore, our study sheds light on which physiology variables that can be used as indicators of specific heavy metals, underscoring the potential of lichens for future ecology studies.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.798-804
• /
• 2012

Although siderophores are induced primarily in response to iron deficiency, soil and other ecological factors can affect on this process. This study was to evaluate the production of siderophores by different fungal species isolated from heavy metal contaminated and uncontaminated soils. More than thirty fungal strains were isolated from heavy metal contaminated and rhizosphere uncontaminated soils. Chrome azurol sulfonate (CAS) was used for both quantitative and qualitative evaluation of siderophores production. No significant correlations were observed between the tested variables such as ultraviolet (UV) irradiation method and CAS-agar plate and heavy metal concentration in both soils. The production of siderophores in rhizosphere fungi was higher than those isolated from the contaminated soil; however, the difference was not significant. The siderophore production (%) by fungi isolated from heavy metal contaminated soil using UV irradiation method was positively correlated with the qualitative values using CAS-plate method (P<0.05). Pearson correlation test indicated a positive correlation between the quantitative and qualitative methods of detection for fungi isolated from rhizosphere and also those isolated from heavy metal contaminated soil.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.92-97
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is heavy metal absorption of recycled PET(poly ethylene terephatalate) NWF(non woven faric). The results of test are summarized as follows; Heavy metal abworption rates in Ni ions were higher then Zn and Cu ions, whereas heavy metal absorption rates by sulfonation times were not different. The heavy metal absorption times have a higher tendency from 60 min to 120 min. There were significant negative correlations among the amount used CSA(Chloro Sulfuric Acid) and the amount of absorption Zn(r = -0.33784, p < 0.05), Cu(r = -0.61177, p < 0.01) ions, whereas correlations between heavy metal absorption rates and sulfonation times were not significant. There were significant positive correlations among the amount of absorption Zn ions and the amount of absorption Ni(r = 96475, p < 0.014), Cu(r = 0.51614, p < 0.01) ions, likewise the positive correlations between the amount of absorption N ions and the amount of absorption Cu(r = 0.54766) ions were significant(p < 0.01).

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.63-73
• /
• 1989

The purposes of this study were to find out the heavy metal and antibiotic resistant coliform bacteria from mineral water and the resistant factors. For the experiment, mineral water samples were taken from A area and B area during the period from march to July, 1988. The results of the experiment were as follows 1. From mineral water, eleven resistant coliforms and one susceptible coliform were isolated. 2. All resistant isolates harbored diverse plasmids of ranged ca. 14-54kb. 3. Susceptible coliform harbored a only plasmid of ca. 2.8 kb. 4. All resistant isolates harbored common size of plasmid of ca. 14kb. 5. As a result of the transformation and agarose gel electrophoresis experiments, resistant factor was R-plasmid. In conclusion, It is suggested that heavy metal contamination of mineral water is the selective pressure for the plasmid encoding the tolerance. Heavy metal resistance, in some case, is present with antibiotic resistance. Therefore, heavy metal contamination of mineral water induces antibiotic resistant bacteria.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.147-156
• /
• 1995

Restoration of ecosystems degraded by heavy metal pollution can be accomplished by soil amendment and selection and utilization of plants tolerant to heavy metals. Two former zinc mine sites, Sambo Mine in Hwasung, Kyonggi-do and the Second Yonhwa Mine in Samchuk, Kangwon-do, were selected for collection of plant samples and for determination of heavy metal tolerant species. Dominant species on mine waste deposits in Hwasung site were Panicum bisulcatum and Echinoch/oa crus-galli, while those in Samchuk site were Aster yomena, Setaria viridis, Artemisia lavandulaefolia and Oenothera odorata. Mean contents of zinc, lead and cadmium in Hwasung soil were 103, 117 and 1 ppm, respectively, while those in Samchuk soil were 23, 6 and 4 ppm, respectively, Zinc contents were higher in Echinochloa crus-galli from Hwasung and in Artemisia lavandulaefolia from Samchuk, while lead contents were higher in Panicum bisulcatum and Echinochloa crus-galli from Hwasung and Lactuca sonchiJolia and Pinus densiJolia from Samchuk. Plant species with higher cadmium contents were Panicum bisulcatum and Lactuca sonchiJolia. Comparison of metal contents between roots and shoots showed that Echinochloa crus-galli was a zinc accumulator, while Panicum bisulcatum, Persicaria hydroPiPer, Pinus densiJlora and Lactuca sonchiJolia were zinc excluders. In addition, Panicum bisulcatum and Persicaria hydroPiPer were proved to be lead excluders. When both heavy metal contents in plant tissues and biomass of individual plants are considered, it can be concluded that Echinochloa crus-galli and Panicum bisulcatum from Hwasung and Artemisia lavandulaefolia and Aster yomena are heavy metal absorbing plants. The effect of heavy metals on seed germination showed that Artemisia princeps var. orientalis had higher germination rates, but no significant difference in concomitant decrease of germination rates among the species investigated were found by increasing heavy metal contents.