• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2008

Adsorption of heavy metals by sawdust was investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of using sawdust to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Kinetic and isotherm studies were carried out by considering the effects of initial concentration and pH. The adsorption isotherms of heavy metals fitted the Langmuir or Freundlich model reasonably well. The adsorption capacity of metal was in the order $Pb^{2+}$ > $Cu^{2+}$ > $Zn^{2+}$. A high concentration of co-existing ions such as $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ depressed the adsorption of heavy metal. Adsorption data showed that metal adsorption on sawdust follows a pseudo-second-order reaction. Kinetic studies also indicated that both surface adsorption and intraparticle diffusion were involved in metal adsorption on sawdust. Column studies prove that sawdust could be effective biosorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous phase.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 1996

This study was conducted for the efficient utilization of a scoria, which is abundantly found in Cheju island, as adsorbent and the scoria was examined for its performance in clarification of adsorption of heavy metal ions. The order in heavy metal ions adsorbed on scoria was; Pb+>Cd^{2+}$>Cu^{2+}$>Ag^+$>Co^{2+}$>Zn^{2+}$>Cr^{3+}$>Cr^{6+}$. This tendency was relatively consistent with the decreasing order of radius of hydrated metal ion. Also, the smaller scoria size and the larger amounts of scoria showed higher removal efficiency for heavy metal ions. The same scoria size showed more effective removal efficiency for heavy metal ions at lower initial concentration than at higher initial concentration. The adsorption abilities of original scoria and chemically treated scoria were compared. Adsorption isotherm of scoria was generally obeyed to Freundlich formula than langmuir formula and Freundlich constant, than was obtained in the range of 0.2~0.4.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.123-135
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• 1997

In order to investigate the dispersion patterns and contamination level of heavy metals in the soil-ecosystem and to evaluate the efficiency of soil remediation by reversed soil method, soils and plants were collected from the Dongjin Au-Ag-Cu mine area and analysed for heavy metals. The dispersion patterns of heavy metals in soils and plants show that heavy metal pollutions caused by waste rump around Dongjin mine are mainly found in the vicinity of the waste rump and in the southward slanting of mine. Toxic metallic pollutants from the mine influence heavy metal contents in paddy soils in downstream area, and may be a potential sources of heavy metal pollution on crop plants. Soil samples collected from the remediated rice farming field by reversed method show similar levels of heavy metal content to those from the polluted rice farming field, but topsoil enrichment of heavy metals are not found. Heavy metal contents of the rice plants collected from remediated rice farming field are significantly lower than those from polluted rice farming field, and it suggests that the reversed soil method is effective for the reduction of bioavailability of heavy metals.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 2018

This paper is aimed at source tracking of soil heavy metal contamination at a site established by reusing construction wastes. The soil heavy metal concentration at the study site peaked at a depth range of 5-10 m. Column studies were conducted to investigate the possibility of the contamination scenario of infiltration of stormwater carrying heavy metals of ground origin followed by selective heavy metal accumulation at the 5-10 m depth range. Almost all amount of lead, zinc, cadmium, and nickel introduced to the columns each packed with 0-5 m or 5-10 m field soil were accumulated in the column. The very poor heavy metal mobility in spite of the weak association of the heavy metals with the soil (characterized by a sequential extraction procedure) can be attributed to the high pH (10-11) of the construction wastes. From the results, the heavy metal contamination of the subsurface soil by an external heavy metal source was determined to be very unlikely at the study site. The column study applied in the current study is expected to be a useful methodology to present direct evidence of the contaminant source tracking at soil contamination sites.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.589-597
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• 2016

There are a number of industrial complexes which could be a source of heavy metal (loid)s contamination of arable soil in Gyeongnam province of South Korea. Heavy metal (loid)s accumulation of plant is more related to the concentration of plant available heavy metal (loid)s in arable soil than that of total heavy metal (loid)s. The objectives of this study were 1) to examine heavy metal concentrations in soils located near industrial complexes in Gyeongnam province and 2) to determine the relationship between concentration of plant available heavy metal (loid)s and chemical properties of soil. Soil samples were collected from 85 sites of arable lands nearby 7 industrial complexes in Gyeongnam province. Total heavy metal (loid)s concentration, available heavy metal (loid)s concentration, and chemical properties of collected soils were measured. The mean concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in the soils were $5.8mg\;kg^{-1}$, $1.3mg\;kg^{-1}$, $0.03mg\;kg^{-1}$, $51.5mg\;kg^{-1}$, and $68.7mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. Total concentration of Cd and Zn in arable soil located near ${\nabla}{\nabla}$ industrial complex exceeded the warning criteria ($4mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $300mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Cd and Zn, respectively) as described by in the soil environmental conservation Act of Korea. The concentration of plant available heavy metal (loid)s was negatively related to the soil pH and available Pb and Zn concentrations had relatively high correlation coefficient when compared with other heavy metal (loid)s. The concentration of plant available Pb and Zn was negatively related to that of organic matter (OM). Based on the above results, it might be a good soil management to control pH and OM concentration with soil amendments such as lime and compost to reduce phytoavailability of heavy metal (loid)s in arable soil located near industrial complex.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.155-163
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• 1999

Heavy metal accumulation in living organisms through food-wed can give serious damage on physiological responses for vital activities. The initiation of heavy metal supposed to begin from the bio-accumulation of plants. To establish basic data fur heavy metal contents in plants at the area without artificial contamination, both woody and herb plants at Mt. Kwang-Duk were studied. The content of heavy metals in various organs of plants were analyzed by ICP. The range of heavy metals in plants for Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe. Mn, Pb, Se and Zn were 1.019∼257.200ppm, O∼2.929ppm, 0∼0.079ppm, 0∼0.054ppm, 0.023∼3.007ppm, 0∼1.997ppm, 2.031∼148.500ppm, 1.069∼51.320ppm, O∼126.900ppm, 0.708∼4.927ppm and 0.846∼4.949ppm, respectively. The amount of heavy metals in plants are much less than that of soil except some species. In woody plants, it was detected that the metal contents of leaves were higher than that of stems especially in case of Al and Fe with statistical significance. There were significant differences between shoots and roots of herb plants in metal content of Al, Co and Fe. Those metals have more accumulated in roots comparing with shoots. Some species of plants had shown the difference tendency of heavy metal accumulation. Generally, most species had not exceeded over twice of mean value each other, and had various difference according to the kinds of heavy metals.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 1995

Membrane process has been applied widely to petroleum chemistry, fine chemistry, polymer, electronics, food, bioprocessing, and wastewater treatment process. Membrane process has advantage that there's no phase change through separation, energy consumption is smaller than other separation processes. And equipment investment and operation cost are inxpensive too. We prepared the silicone rubber membrane and then separated the heavy metal ion from wastewater. Silicone rubber membrane was prepared using a superitical fluid process and heavy metal ions were separated from the chromium nitrate, ferric sulfate, cupric sulfate, nickel sulfate aqueous solution. The pressure difference between top and bottom of separation apparatus was preserved by vacuum pump, and the removal amount of heavy metal at each separation step were analyzed by instrumental analysis, AAS. The surface and pore of silicone rubber membrane was investigated using SEM, and the capability of wastewater treatment using a silicone rubber membrane was proposed as calculated removal rate of heavy metal after comparing removal amount of heavy metal to amount of heavy metal in mother solution by AAS analysis.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.106-116
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to investigate available extraction capacity and potential mobility of heavy metal according to the distribution property and contamination level of heavy metals in soils and to suggest a reform measure of soil environment assessment methodology applied with soil quality and the official soil heavy metal test methods in domestic and foreign countries. The soils were collected from the natural forest paddy with long-term application of same type fertilizer, and paddies near metal mine and industrial complex. The post-treatment methods of soil were partial extraction, acid digestion and sequential extraction methods. For the heavy metal contents with different soil properties, it was shown that their natural forest and paddy soil were slightly low and similar to the general paddy soil, while their paddies near metal mine and industrial complex were higher than the standard level of Soil Environment Protection Act. Heavy metal concentrations in the soils with different soil properties had difference between $HNO_3\;and\;HNO_3+HCl$ extractant by US-EPA 3051a method. There were highly significant positive relationships in both two methods. It was appeared that the higher extractable concentration ratio with 0.1N-HCl to total heavy metal content with $HNO_3+HCl$ extractant the greater total heavy metal content. There were highly significant positive correlationship between total heavy metal content and extractable content with 0.1N-HCl. For extractable capacity of soil extractable solution compared to the total heavy metal content it was appeared that it extractable method with 0.1N-HCl was higher than those with EDTA and DTPA. In extractable ratio with 0.1N-HCl in the contaminated paddy soils near mine and industrial complex, it was shown that the lower soil pH, the higher total heavy metal content. The order of a potential mobility coefficient by distribution of heavy metal content with ie different typies in the soil was Cd>Ni>Zn>Cu>Pb. It could be known that contamination characteristics of heavy metals with different types of soils were affected by different heavy metal components, contamination degree and soil chemical properties, and heavy metal concentration with different extractable methods had great variations with adjacent environment. To be compared with assessment methodology of soil environment impact at domestic and foreign countries with our results, it might be considered that there was necessary to make a single analysis method based on total heavy metal content with environmental overloading concept because of various analysis methods for total heavy metal content and present analysis method with great variation according to soil environment. In spite of showing higher concentration of heavy metal with acidic digestion than the extractable method, it might be considered that there is need to be adjusted the national standard of soil heavy metal contamination.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.627-634
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• 2016

The objectives of this study were to select optimal soil amendments through analysis of heavy metal availability in soil and uptake to Aster koraiensis Nakai for forest rehabilitation of heavy metal contaminated soil of abandoned metal mine. A. koraiensis was cultivated for 6 months at contaminated soil with several soil treatments (bottom ash 1 and 2%, fly ash 1 and 2%, waste lime+oyster 1 and 2%, Acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS) 10 and 20%, compost 3.4%, non-contaminated natural forest soil, and control). The analysis results of heavy metal concentrations in the soil by Mehlich-3 mehthod, growth and heavy metal concentrations of A. koraiensis showed that waste oyster+lime 1% and compost were more effective than the other amendments for phytostabilization. However, it is needed comprehensive review of factors such as on-site condition, slope covering to reduce soil erosion and vegetation introduction from surround forest for revegetation to apply forest rehabilitation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.472-481
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• 2017

Agricultural field near at the abandoned metal mine and industrial area has a high possibility to be polluted by heavy metals. However, concern about chemical properties including heavy metal concentration has been increased and biological properties such as soil respiration has been minimal in heavy metal polluted field. Therefore, main objective of this research was to evaluate soil respiration as an indicator of heavy metal pollution in agricultural field. Total of 60 sampling sites including each 30 sites of abandoned metal mine and industrial area were selected and heavy metal concentration, soil respiration, and chemical properties were measured. Results showed that heavy metal concentration in metal mine area was ranged Cu: $6.21~85.23mg\;kg^{-1}$, Pb: $23.84{\sim}1,044.72mg\;kg^{-1}$, As: $1.88{\sim}691.44mg\;kg^{-1}$, Zn: $18.72{\sim}527.55mg\;kg^{-1}$, Cd: $0.58{\sim}4.27mg\;kg^{-1}$, and Cu: $0.29{\sim}30.62mg\;kg^{-1}$, Pb: $4.41{\sim}19.77mg\;kg^{-1}$, As: $2.23{\sim}11.76mg\;kg^{-1}$, Zn $39.98{\sim}109.59mg\;kg^{-1}$, Cd $0.29{\sim}0.57mg\;kg^{-1}$ for industrial area respectively. While no sampling site was exceed the threshold value of each heavy metals in industrial field, metal mine area was highly polluted with Pb, As, Zn, and Cd. Soil respiration in the metal mine and industrial area was ranged $12.05{\sim}299.80mg\;O_2\;kg^{-1}$ and $27.68{\sim}330.94mg\;O_2\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. Correlation analysis between heavy metal concentration in soil and soil respiration showed that negative correlation was observed in metal mine area while no correlation was observed in industrial area. This result might indicate that as heavy metal concentration was increased, microbial activity in soil was decreased resulting decrease of soil respiration rate. Overall, soil respiration can be used as indicator of heavy metal pollution in soil and more biological properties need to be evaluated to better understand heavy metal pollution in soil.