• 미생물학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.291-299
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 Human HtrA3 (HtrA3)의 효소활성을 분자수준에서 연구하기 위해 HtrA간의 상동성과 기존에 알려진 maturation site들을 비교 분석하여 예상 mature HtrA3인 M1-HtrA3와 M2-HtrA3를 발현하는 construct를 제작하였다. pGEX system을 통해 Top10 균주에서 발현, 정제한 M1-HtrA3 단백질은 $10{\mu}g$/L를 정제할 수 있었으며 발현량 대비 1%를 회수할 수 있었다. M2-HtrA3는 M1보다 5배 가량 많은 양을 정제할 수 있었으며 발현량 대비 회수율은 3배 정도 더 높았다. $\beta$-Casein을 이용한 in vitro cleavage test를 통해 M1, M2 form 모두 protease 활성을 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, $\beta$-casein cleavage를 통해 HtrA serein protease들 간의 상대적인 활성을 비교한 결과, HtrA3와 HtrA2는 HtrA1보다 약 2배 더 높은 proteolytic cleavage 활성을 보였다. 본 연구에서 정립한 protease 활성을 지닌 HtrA3의 제작과 정제 조건은 HtrA3의 substrate를 탐색을 용이하게 할 수 있을 것이며, HtrA3 연관된 질환의 발병기전과 세포 신호전달을 이해하는 연구에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.314-319
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• 2006

In this paper, the friction and wear characteristics of contact type sealing unit far a water turbine have been presented. The sealing unit for a small hydropower generation is to stop a leakage of circulating water from an outside of an impeller to an inside of a rolling bearing. The friction heating between a seal ring and a seal seat may radically increase a surface temperature in which increase a power loss and wear on the rubbing surface. The surface wear strongly affect to the seal life of a mechanical face seal. In this study, the hardness of a stainless steel in which is a heat-treated is 892.8 in Victors hardness and the hardness of silicone carbide of SiC is 714.1 in Victors hardness. The surface hardness of a heat-treated stainless steel is 25% high compared with that of a ceramic material of SiC. The contact modes of rubbing surfaces are a dry friction, a water film friction and a mixed friction that is contaminated by a dust, silt, and moistures, etc. These two factors of a contact rubbing modes and a material property are very important parameters on the tribological performance such as a friction and wear between a seal ring and a seal seat in primary sealing unit. The experimental result shows that the surface hardness of a seal material is very important on the friction coefficient and a wear volume. Thus, the results recommend higher hardness of a seal material, which may reduce a friction loss and increase a wear life of primary seal components.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.733-738
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• 2016

Background: Ardabil, a Northwestern province of Iran, was found to have the highest rate of gastric cancer (GC) in the country (ASRs = 51.8/100,000 for males and 24.9/100,000 for females) and one of the highest gastric cardia cancer rates in the world. The aim of the present study was to assess the associations of the cagA and babA2 status of Helicobacter pylori with GC in the Ardabil population. Materials and Methods: A total of 103 patients with non-atrophic gastritis (56) and GC (47), who underwent endoscopy at the Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardabil, were assessed. The status of 16S rDNA, cagA and babA2 genes was determined using PCR and histopathological assessment was performed. Results: The following genotypic frequency was observed: cagA+ (50.6%), cagA-(49.4%), babA2+ (26.5%), babA2- (73.5%) cagA+/babA2+ (19.3%), cagA-/babA2+ (7.2%), cagA+/babA2-(31.3%), cagA-/babA2-(42.2%). Although the frequency of the cagA+, cagA+/babA2+ and cagA-/babA2+ genotypes in patients with GC (55.6%, 25.9%, and 14.8%, respectively) was higher than in those with NAG (48.2%, 16.1%, and 3.6%, respectively), the difference did not reach significance. In contrast, the presence of the babA2 gene (40.7% vs 19.6%) significantly increased the risk of GC; the age-sex-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 5.068 (1.506-17.058; P=0.009), by multiple logistic regression. Conclusions: It is proposed that the H. pylori babA2 positivity might be considered as an important determinant of GC risk in Ardabil.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• nspc8호
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• pp.1-176
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• 2010

Siphonostomatoid copepods associated with marine invertebrates are described from tropical waters of the West Indies and Madagascar. They belong to the families Asterocheridae (7 new genera and 39 new species), Dinopontiidae (one new species), and Nanaspididae (one new species). New taxa of the Asterocheridae are 14 species of Asterocheres (Asterocheres unioviger n. sp., A. trisetatus n. sp., A. bahamensis n. sp., A. tricuspis n. sp., A. plumosus n. sp., A. peniculatus n. sp., A. oricurvus n. sp., A. planus n. sp., A. sensilis n. sp., A. indivisus n. sp., A. nudicoxus n. sp., A. tenuipes n. sp., A. galeatus n. sp., and A. fastigatus n. sp.); 3 species of Hetairosynella n. gen. (Hetairosynella bifurcata n. sp.; H. angulata n. sp.; H. aculeata n. sp.); 15 species of Asteropontius (Asteropontius capillatus n. sp., A. membranulatus n. sp., A. plumatus n. sp., A. parvipes n. sp., A. humesi n. sp., A. angulatus n. sp., A. latioriger n. sp., A. magnisetiger n. sp., A. pinnatus n. sp., A. trifilis n. sp., A. orcafer n. sp., A. bilinguis n. sp., A. dentatus n. sp., A. minutisetiger n. sp., and A. bispinifer n. sp.); Collocherides minutus n. sp.; Cyclocheres sensilis n. gen. n. sp.; Stenomyzon edentatum n. gen. n. sp.; Cephalocheres flagellatus n. gen. n. sp.; Humesimyzon pusillum n. gen. n. sp.; Thermocheres validus n. gen. n. sp.; and Gascardama longisiphonata n. gen. n. sp. New taxa of the remaining two families are Stenopontius spinulatus n. sp. in the Dinopontiidae and Stephopontius ahni n. sp. in the Nanaspididae. Asterocheres crinoidicola Humes, Asteropontius genodon Stock, and Asteropontius ungellatus Stock are redescribed. Asteropontius gonioporae Kim is reported as a new record from Madagascar. A key to species of Asteropontius is provided.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.261-269
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• 1994

One hundred and ninety two isolates of Armillaria were obtained from mycelial fans on infected hosts, rhizomorphs, and single basidiospores or trauma tissue of fruiting bodies. Mating tests showed that two of these isolates were A. mellea, eight were A. tabescens, 20 were A. ostoyae, and 162 were A. gallica. Armillaria ostoyae was mainly isolated from Pinus koraiensis and Qurecus spp., A. tabescens from fruiting bodies on Pinus densiflora and Qurecus spp., and A. gallica from many tree species but not Pinus koraiensis. Armillaria mellea, A. gallica, A. ostoyae and A. tabescens showed distinct protein banding patterns. Mycelial growth and rhizomorph formation was good on basal medium with ethanol added. A. gallica and A. mellea formed many rhizomorphs, but A. ostoyae did not. A. gallica showed the best rhizomorph formation on media with tannic acid and ethanol, but a. mellea formed the most rhizomorphs on gallic acid. Rhizomorphs showed monopodial branching for A. gallica and dichotomous branching for A. ostoyae. Fruiting bodies. formed in the laboratory on sawdust media most abundantly by A. tabescens. In nature, fruit body formation by A. tabescens was from early to mid August. A. ostoyae and A. gallica fruit bodies were formed from early August to late October. While there are common names in Korea for A. mellea and A. tabescens, such as mulberry mushroom relative, no common names are available for A. gallica and A. ostoyae. Therefore, we refer to a. gallica as the Gastrodia mushroom because it has been used to produce Gastrodia and A. ostoyae as the Korean pine mushroom because it is frequently found as mushrooms on Korean pine.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.497-503
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• 2014

The performances of refrigeration truck systems using R404A and R134a were investigated by experimental testing, and compared. The optimal COPs of the R404A and R134a systems were 2.96 and 3.42, when the refrigerant charge amount was 1.3 kg and 1.4 kg, respectively. When the indoor side air temperature increased from $5^{\circ}C$ to $9^{\circ}C$, the total exergy destruction rate of the R404A system was on average 39.1% higher than that of the R134a system. In addition, the exergy efficiency of the R404A system was 12.9% higher than that of R134a system, for various indoor air temperatures. When the outdoor side air temperature increased from $25^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$, the total exergy destruction rate of the R404A and R134a systems decreased by 18.9% and 19.5%, respectively. In addition, the exergy efficiency of the R404A and R134a systems increased by 25.2% and 30.7%, respectively. As the compressor rotating speed increased, the COP of the R404A and R134a systems decreased by 23.6% and 18.4%. The total exergy destruction rate and exergy efficiency of the R404A system were 27.2% and 15.7% higher than those of R134a system, respectively. Compared to the R404A system, the R134a system showed a higher COP and a lower exergy destruction rate; thus it can be concluded that the R134a system has the better performance.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.99-126
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• 2013

Amynthas diffringens (Baird, 1869) is deemed valid yet comparable to A. corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and to A. nipponicus (Beddard, 1893) or A. peregrinus (Fletcher, 1896). Its syntypes tend to more genital markings than usual as shown for variable specimens from Japan, Korea, and Australasia that comply genetically with either of two A. corticis spp. groups. A. diffringens type-locality was UK hothouses yet closest specimens appear in part of A. heteropodus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) (=A. corticis) from Japan. Japanese Amynthas divergens (Michaelsen, 1892) is restored based on its serrate intestinal caeca. Meanwhile, the lectotype of Amynthas pingi (Stephenson, 1925) is deemed a synonym of A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) compliant with Kobayashi's (1936) types III & II. Erstwhile A. pingi synonym A. fornicatus (Gates, 1925) is again included, but A. hongkongensis (Michaelsen, 1910) and A. chungkingensis (Chen, 1936) are provisionally retained whilst A. carnosa lichuanensis Wang & Qiu, 2005 is given separate species status. A new Korean taxon is proposed as A. carnosus naribunji sub-sp. nov. and two replacement names are provided: A. zhuya nom. nov. for homonym A. montanus Qiu & Sun, 2012 from Hainan and A. yizhou for A. carnosus sensu Shen et al., 2005 from Taiwan. No attempt is made to fully resolve numerous Japanese synonyms of A. carnosus [eg Ishizuka's (2001) invista, subterranea, subalpina, umbrosa, mutabilis, nubicola, plus A. nonmonticolus Blakemore, 2010] nor Korean synonyms [eg kyamikia Kobayashi, 1934, monstrifera Kobayashi, 1936 and murayamai Kobayashi, 1938, sangyeoli, youngtai (with segments miscounted), kimhaeiensis, sinsiensis and baemsagolensis - all names by Hong & James (2001) plus ?A. sangumburi Hong & Kim, 2002 (its segments miscounted too)] also A. fuscus Qiu & Sun, 2012 from Hainan and Taiwanese monsoonus James et al., 2005 plus A. penpuensis Shen et al., 2003 and A. taiwumontis Shen et al., 2013 syns. nov.. All synonyms remain in the currently defined A. carnosus pending full revisons although several may eventually comply with parts of prior A. corticis s. lato.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.127-139
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• 2019

The purported four hybrid origins of Asplenium in Korea were tested based on morphological, cytological and DNA sequence data. Asplenium castaneo-viride, A. ${\times}$ uiryeongse, A. ${\times}$ montanus, and A. ${\times}$ kitazawae share several morphological characteristics with the Asian walking fern A. ruprechtii and related taxa as parents and show a sympatric distribution with the putative parents, raising the possibility of hybrid origins: A. castaneo-viride (A. ruprechtii and A. incisum), A. ${\times}$ uiryeongse (A. ruprechtii and A. pekinense), A. ${\times}$ montanus (A. ruprechtii, A. trichomanes, and A. incisum), and A. ${\times}$ kitazawae (A. ruprechtii and A. sarelii). We investigated flow cytometry and chloroplast DNA sequence data (rbcL, rps4-trnS, and rps4-trnS intergenic spacer) to clarify the hybridization and origin of each hybrid. In the flow cytometry analyses, A. ruprechtii shows diploid (2x) only, whereas A. castaneo-viride (3x, 4x), A. ${\times}$ uiryeongse (3x), A. ${\times}$ montanus (3x, 4x), and A. ${\times}$ kitazawae (2x, 4x) exhibit polyploidy, suggesting hybrid events along speciation. The rbcL and rps4-trnS and rps4-trnS intergenic spacer data suggest that A. ruprechtii is one the maternal ancestors of all four hybrids. In addition, the rps4-trnS and rps4-trnS intergenic spacer data indicate that A. incisum is also the maternal ancestor of A. ${\times}$ kitazawae and A. ${\times}$ montanus, proposing multiple hybridization events for these two hybrids. In A. ${\times}$ montanus, morphological features such as the leaf forms and sympatric distributions of the species also support the multimaternal hypothesis, but the morphological features of A. ${\times}$ kitazawae must be examined with consideration of hybrid events. To clarify the complex hybrid evolutionary lineages of the four Asplenium hybrids, further research with taxon sampling and molecular markers should be conducted.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권12호
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• pp.975-988
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• 2020

Hypoxia plays important roles in cancer progression by inducing angiogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. However, the effects of hypoxia on long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression have not been clarified. Herein, we evaluated alterations in lncRNA expression in lung cancer cells under hypoxic conditions using lncRNA microarray analyses. Among 40,173 lncRNAs, 211 and 113 lncRNAs were up- and downregulated, respectively, in both A549 and NCI-H460 cells. Uroplakin 1A (UPK1A) and UPK1A-antisense RNA 1 (AS1), which showed the highest upregulation under hypoxic conditions, were selected to investigate the effects of UPK1A-AS1 on the expression of UPK1A and the mechanisms of hypoxia-inducible expression. Following transfection of cells with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), the hypoxia-induced expression of UPK1A and UPK1A-AS1 was significantly reduced, indicating that HIF-1α played important roles in the hypoxia-induced expression of these targets. After transfection of cells with UPK1A siRNA, UPK1A and UPK1A-AS1 levels were reduced. Moreover, transfection of cells with UPK1A-AS1 siRNA downregulated both UPK1A-AS1 and UPK1A. RNase protection assays demonstrated that UPK1A and UPK1A-AS1 formed a duplex; thus, transfection with UPK1A-AS1 siRNA decreased the RNA stability of UPK1A. Overall, these results indicated that UPK1A and UPK1A-AS1 expression increased under hypoxic conditions in a HIF-1α-dependent manner and that formation of a UPK1A/UPK1A-AS1 duplex affected RNA stability, enabling each molecule to regulate the expression of the other.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제24권4호통권79호
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• pp.310-321
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• 1996

토양으로부터 항진균 활성을 나타내는 5종류의 Pseudomonas cepacia 균주 AF027, AF069, AF2001, AF2011, SD02가 분리되었으며 이들은 각각 cyclic lipopeptide계 항진균 물질 CLP027A, CLP069A, Cepacidine A, CLP2011A, CLP02A를 생산하였다. 조사된 P cepacia 균주들은 배지중에 함유된 질소원 및 탄소원의 종류에 따라 항진균 물질 생산성에 현저한 차이가 있었는데, 질소원으로서는 polypeptone-S, 탄소원으로서는 glucose와 fructose가 생산성 증대에 가장 효과적이었다. 항진균물질 $CLP069A_1$과 $CLP069A_2$는 각각 분자량이 1215와 1199이며, 아미노산 조성, UV spectrum, IR spectrum 및 항진균 스펙트럼에 있어서, Xylocandin $A_1,\;A_2$와 일치하였으며, CLP027 $A_1$과 $A_2$ 또한 이러한 물리 화학적 특성이 Cepacidine A와 완전히 일치함으로써 동일 물질로 생각된다. $CLP2011A_1,\;A_2$와 $CLP02A_1,\;A_2$는 아미노산 조성 및 항진균 스펙트럼이 Xylocandin $A_1,\;A_2$와 다르고, Cepacidine $A_1,\;A_2$와는 항진균 스펙트럼에서 현저하게 차이가 났다. CLP2011A, CLP02A가 분자량, 아미노산 조성, UV spectrum, IR spectrum에서 Cepacidine A와 동일하지만 항진균 스펙트럼이 상이한 것은 이들이 다른 물질임을 시사하며, 이는 aliphatic side chain이 Cepacidine A의 그것과 다른 데에서 비롯된 분자구조의 상이함에서 기인된 것으로 추론된다.