• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2012

The rate of the rural population over the age of 65 was increased from 14.7% in 2000 to 20.6% in 2010. The rate of elderly living alone in rural areas was increased from 9.2% to 13.3% for 10 years. Two million households over 40% of the elderly living alone nationwide are concentrated in rural areas. This paper investigates cases used as living space by interview and remodeling senior centers (village community center) for the elders living alone in rural areas. In Gimje two the nation's first senior centers were remodeled in 2006 (for both the village community center) and were begun to use these as group homes. Evaluation was a success. Since then, these were increased by approximately 20 centers per year by year and are currently 108 centers at the end of 2011. In Chungcheongnam-do, a pilot project has been begun for communal living by remodeling the senior center (for both the village community center) and elderly housing. Municipalities are similar in their business (is mostly). However, the interview results for each municipality are different. The success of the project depends on rules proposed by local governments and the development of programs with users to continuous financially support.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analyze the space composition and utilization characteristics of cultural facilities in city which was surrounded by rural area. For this study, it was surveyed 18 cultural facilities including PyungTaek-city in our country. The below was analyzed : The first, the present conditions of space program and functions of central cultural facilities in small city. The second, a frequency and peculiarity in utilization of it. And the third is about system of management. A data of design which can be directly applied by above process is like the below. The function of cultural facilities in city can be fixed from space composition with regional specifics and similarity. The space composition of cultural facilities is diversified by art performance and assembly space, by exhibitional space and reading space, and by the fact whether there is public or not. We know hall of cultural facilities has multi-purpose. Management system needs some changes throughout participation of citizen or experts for more active usage.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.124-132
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• 2018

The Korean electric power supply plan was prepared by greatly enhancing the environmental and safety with considering the economical efficiency of the electric equipment, the impact on the environment and the public safety. As a result, the fossil energy-based power generation sector is accelerating the paradigm shift to eco-friendly energy such as solar power and wind. Also the solar power industry is expected to grow into a super large-sized industry by converging the energy storage and electric vehicle industry. Generally, a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is used to calculate the power generation cost for different generation power generation efficiency, operating cost, and life span. In this paper, we have studied the future research and development direction of photovoltaic technology development for the era of massive utilization of photovoltaic solar power, and have studied the LCOE of major countries including China, USA, Germany, Japan and Korea. Finally we have reviewed USA and Japan research programs to reduce the LCOE.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.33-36
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• 2007

The majority of fly ash pipes in thermal power stations use steel pipes. This makes frequent replacement inevitable due to severe abrasion near the hot and curved section of pipes. Recently, there have been efforts to prevent this abrasion with lining techniques using ceramic or basalt on the inner wall of the pipe. This study uses composite and anti-wear material to maximize the anti-abrasion effects on the hot section of the pipe. The thickness of the abrasion layer was determined by the abrasion ratio of material found through the experiment; the thickness of the reinforcement layer was determined by micromechanics. Experiments were conducted on epoxy resins to test for heat and abrasion. Anti-abrasion test using particle impingement was intended to recreate realistic conditions when abrasion occurs within the hot section of an actual pipe. This study analyzes the abrasion ratio obtained from both the specimen experiment and from on-site measurement and provides evidence that a combination of composites and anti-wear agent can be used to create a fly ash pipe that is lower in costs and higher in quality than what is used currently.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.161-165
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• 2002

Ge-doped rnulticomponent oxide glasses were prepared by a conventional melting method. The change of micro structure in glasses was investigated by using PL (photoluminescence) and ESR (electron spin resonance). Before UV irradiation, the PL intensity increased according to germanium contents, but decreased the intensity as soon as UV irradiation. A changed property was recovered near it original properties when it was annealed. These photodarkening and thermal bleaching effect were observed by ESR intrument. These effect did not change the glass phase but vary only change of micro structure.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.306-311
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• 2012

Water management is the most important and difficult problems in red pepper cultivation.The water requirement of red pepper is different according to the area as well as climate condition, growth stage and soil texture. Also, the measurement of evapo-transpiration (PET) and crop coefficient (Kc) is very difficult especially in field cultivation. The average PET during 30 years of southern region of korea for the red pepper cultivation was a $2.75mm\;day^{-1}$. The water saving irrigation manual with irrigation interval and amount of irrigation according to growing season and soil texture, are developed based on the lysimeter experiments carried out by the RDA for 11 years about potential evapo-transpiration, crop coefficient for the 17 southern region of korea. The water saving irrigation manual can be used with easy to the farmer without soil sampling and any kinds of sensors measuring soil water status.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.27-34
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the community center users' the determinants of utilization & satisfaction for the exploit and to draw out the implication as to what are the influencing factors. The ordered logit model approach was used to examine the determinants. For the use of community center, we surveyed by mail subjecting on rural residents for one month, June 2012, analyzed 625 valid questionnaires. The findings are as follows. First, 'Facility-Satisfaction', 'Education', 'Exploit-Frequency' and 'Age' are the most important factors which affect users' satisfaction. Second, 'A meeting hall function', 'Cultural & Educational function', 'Social & Organizational function', and 'functional criticality function' influence the attributes of users' utilization. Therefore, it is needed to establish the various functions of community center and to prepare the vitalization plan in futuristic viewpoint reflecting the change of rural area. In addition, since there is no clear entity to supervise community center administratively, policy support system to community center should be equipped. Along with these, it is needed to develop managing and operation model for customized community center.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.623-627
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• 2007

In case of the Grand Performance Hall, in view of its distinctiveness, since various Assembly Activity as well as Lecture together with the use for Music are important besides the purpose of Performance itself, the consideration with regard to the sound environment which enables to minimize the acoustic defect has appeared on the stage as an essential factor. On this viewpoint, this Study has attempted to examine the acoustic satisfaction degree and its response regarding to the grand performance hall by means of the measurement and valuation about the psychological volume of human-being using the auditory-evoked technology that possible to experience the Virtual Sound Field at the designing stage, after practice of the optimized acoustic design for the object of the grand performance hall on the step of construction. As the result of auditory-evocation, it was known that the valuation about the acoustic performance after reformation has been improved affirmatively than before reformation. It is considered that such outcome of the study could be utilized as the useful material that enables to improve the curtailment effect of construction cost and the acoustic performance, by means of the presupposition control about the acoustic problem from the stage of design, for the occasion when the similar Performance Hall is planning to build, hereafter.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.675-679
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• 2002

To produce a strengthened glass, single ion exchange properties such as three-point bend strength and residual stress were investigated in soda-lime-silicate substrate glass for display use. The present work showed that the maximum value of strength was 62.5${\times}$10$\sub$6/ kg/㎡ after, the two-step single ion exchange process at 470$^{\circ}C$ for 1 h and 450$^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. As the result of the fracture analysis after bending test, the residual stress on the fractured surface of the strengthened glass increased the flexibility by means of absorbing the elastic deformation energy in the glass. Also, the effects of absorbing the elastic deformation energy were analysed by curvature change, number of multiple crack branches and brittleness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.32-43
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• 2004

Targeting a rooftop biotope created in urban area, this study aims at verifying a creation technique reflecting an urban biosphere reserve concept as well as its function as the habitats of various wild animals. To this end, a set of processes of a biosphere reserve-based basic conception and master plan, sectoral plans, construction and monitoring were applied to the rooftop of 12-story UNESCO Building in Seoul. In particular, the rooftop habitats were divided into core area, buffer zone and transition area, and habitats and facilities suitable to the characteristics of each space were planned. By aligning a plantation planning map with environmental conditions such as topography and water, creation of diverse habitats was enabled. As a result, a set of various habitats including wetlands, wild grassland, shrubs, forest trees and vegetable fields was created at the site. Species living in these habitats included 148 plant species, 62 insect species, 2 amphibian species, 3 fishery species and 3 bird species. The rooftop eco-park of UNESCO Building, which was created one year ago, is assessed as an important space for conservation of biodiversity as well as a place where a biosphere reserve concept was well applied. Meanwhile, for this rooftop biotope to be a pioneer of urban biosphere reserve-based types, a number of principles & methodologies suggested in this study need to be applied, In a perspective of landscape ecology, maintenance efforts should be linked with green areas in neighboring areas, which are the sources of species, In addition, considering that the rooftop biotope is a restored ecosystem, theories and approaches from restoration ecology should be applied. On-going monitoring on environmental changes is also required as the site is located in the urban center, Ultimately, rooftop biotopes including the case study area should contribute in promoting the socio-economic, cultural, and spiritual sustainability as well as environmental sustainability of a city.