• 한국정보컨버전스학회논문지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.67-87
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• 2013

La France est un Etat unitaire $r{\acute{e}}agi$ par la Constitution. La $r{\acute{e}}forme$ de la $d{\acute{e}}centralisation$ a $d{\acute{e}}but{\acute{e}}$ par la $d{\acute{e}}claration$ 'des droits et $liber{\acute{e}}s$ des communes, des $d{\acute{e}}partements$ et des $r{\acute{e}}gions'$ qui influence plusieurs domaines de l' administration locale: la suppression du $contr\hat{o}le$ a priori et l' exercice du $contr\hat{o}le$ a posteriori par le commissaire de la Republique et par le Cour des comptes; le transfert des competences de l' Etat vers les communes, les $d{\acute{e}}partements$ et les $r{\acute{e}}gions$ avec la transmission du pouvoir de $d{\acute{e}}cision$; le transfert de moyens financiers pour financer les $d{\acute{e}}penses$ relatives aux $comp{\acute{e}}tences$ acquises; la $r{\acute{e}}forme$ du $syst{\acute{e}}me$ des fonctionnaires territoraux; le paiement des honoraires aux ${\acute{e}}lus$ locaux; la limitation du cumul des mandats.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.416-421
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• 2007

Many previous studies have proved that human allergic disease resulted from the formation of antibodies belonging to a unique immunoglobulin isotype termed immunoglobulin E (IgE). Most of IgE-producing plasma cells are found in the lymphoid tissue associated with the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. IgE may be found free in the mucosal secretions of these tissues, bound to local mast cells, or distributed by the systemic circulation to mast cells and basophils throughout the body. Total serum IgE concentrations tend to be higher in allergic adults and children compared with non-allergic individuals, but the value of total serum IgE as a screening test for allergic disease is limited. Total serum IgE levels are related to the probability of an individual having detectable allergen-specific IgE. Allergen-specific IgE concentrations vary with a person's age, the degree and duration of the recent allergen or cross-reactive allergen exposure. The value of quantitative assays for allergen-specific IgE has been suggested in recent studies. Serum IgE increases in many non-allergic diseases, including infectious and parasitic diseases. The IgE changes appear to be specific to the infectious agents, whereas non-specific in other diseases. The increased serum IgE in some of these conditions probably results from alterations in immune function. This review summarizes the clinical significance of total and allergen-specific IgE examinations in allergic diseases.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2022

Purpose: This study analyzes the effects of variables affecting e-satisfaction and e-loyalty in e-commerce. Research design, data, and methodology: A survey was conducted to 384 Indonesia online shopping mobile application users. The questionnaire construct was designed based on several independent variables, such as application attractiveness, application functionality, and customer service on e-satisfaction and e-loyalty. E-satisfaction was positioned as an intervening variable to determine the effect on e-loyalty. Results: Application attractiveness, application functionality, and customer service shown positive effect on e-satisfaction in online shopping mobile application. At the same time, e-satisfaction also affected e-loyalty significantly as referred in previous studies. However, application attractiveness, while showed positive effect on e-satisfaction, in contrary with previous study does not showed very significant effect. Conclusion: Application functionality significantly influences users satisfaction compared to application attractiveness. E-satisfaction mediates as a factor between visual design, information access, and transaction in online shopping mobile application, which stimulates user loyalty. The study findings' can be a reference for companies to create and maintain users' satisfaction and loyalty via different aspects of mobile application. Further research should be conducted on other field of study as the industry has different aspects that affects user loyalty.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.52-67
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• 1992

In Cho-Sun Dynasty, since Czhu-Ja Ga Rae be introduced in late Korea dynasty, many kinds of $Y\^{a}e\;Se\^{o}$ by a personal or national edition had been published, based on supports of the political ideology. Especially, in the age of governing by $'Y^{a}e'$ in 16 17c, after completion of publishing $'Oh\;R^{a}e\;Yi(1474),'$ 'Geong Guk Dae Jeon (1469)' in late 15c, norm of $'Ga\;R^{a}e'$ has prevailing and the quantity of publishment of it is more growing. Generally, the contents of these kinds of $Y^{a}e\;Se^{o}$ is intended to interprete the czhu-Ja $'Ga\;R^{a}e'$. and furthermore, some kinds of it, descripted directly architectural institutions as a part of $Y^{a}e\;J^{a}e$ through architectural drawings, with quatating chinese scholar's theory. It can be said that architectural institution on $Y^{a}e\;S^{e}o$ may be a kind of political institution as a tool for execution of a ideal ideology in Confucianism. In this Context, it can be concluded that the governing-class in Cho-Sun Dynasty refered to the architectural institution on $Y^{a}e Se^{o}$ as a ideal norm and, in constructing or organizing buildings, it was taken in account as a 'frame of reference'. The Locus of this study is on architectural drawings on $Y^{a}e\;Se^{o}$, for certifying interrelationship the institution which is executed in the drawings and the architectural characteristics of construction and organization in Cho-Sun Dynasty.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.533-539
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• 2013

In this paper, using the E-convexity, we introduce the generalized E-KKM map, and next prove the generalized E-KKM theorem which generalizes the KKM theorem due to Fan [4]. As an application, a fixed point theorem in E-convex sets is given.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.913-938
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• 2009

This study attempts to develop a framework to analyze and estimate various effects of agro-product e-commerce, and to find out the actual effects of the farmers operating on-line shopping systems through the developed framework. A depth-interview semi-structured on 5 farmers was acted to seek out latent effects which were disassembled and re-assembled into 3 dimensions; input costs, e-internal effects and e-external effects. E-external effects divide into e-indirect effects and e-societal effects. A survey from 29 farmers reveals that the e-internal effects are 26,929 thousand KRW a year, e-external effects 6,734 thousand KRW, and input costs 7,202 thousand KRW. ROI(Return on Investment) in 2007 is calculated at 367%.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the enforcement strategy for Consumer Service marketing of an e-Commerce shopping mall. An e-CRM for a Cosmetic e-Commerce shopping mall, Data Warehousing(DW) component, analysis of data mining of the DW, and web applications and strategies had to developed for marketing of consumer service satisfaction. The major findings were as follows: An RFM analysis was used for consumer classification, which is a fundamental process of e-CRM application. The components of the DW were web sales data and consumer data fields. The visual process of consumer segmentations (superior consumer class) for e-CRM solutions is presented. The association analysis algorithm of data mining to up-selling and cross-selling indicates an association rule. These e-CRM results apply web DB marketing and operating principles to a shopping mall. Therefore, the system applications of e-CRM to Consumer services indicate a marketing strategy for consumer-oriented management.

• 약학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2005

Structure-activity relationship studies of allylamine type of antimycotics were carried out to evaluate the effect of naphthyl and methyl portion of naftifine. Compounds with 3,4-difluorophenyl (2a-5a), 4-hydroxyphenyl (2b-5b), 3-nitro­phenyl (2c-5c), 4-chlorobenzothiazoly (2d-5d) and 5-methylfurfural (2e-5e) instead of naphthyl group, and with hydrogen (3a-3e), methyl (4a-4e) and ethyl (5a-5e) in the place of methyl in naftifine were synthesized and tested for their in vitro anti-fungal activities against five different fungi. Fourteen compounds (3a, 4a, 5a, 3b, 4b, 5b, 3c, 4c, 5c, 3d, 4d, 3e, 4e and 5e) showed significant anti-fungal activities against T. mentagrophytes. (E)-N-(3-Phenyl-2-propenyl)-3,4-difluoro-ben­zenemethaneamine(3a), (E)_N_(3_phenyl_2_propenyl)_4_hydroxy_benzenemethaneamine(3b) and (E)-N-ethyl-N-(3-phenyl­2-propenyl)-3-nitro-benzenemethaneamine (5c) displayed moderate anti-fungal activities against all five different fungi.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.246-251
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• 1999

다양한 유전형질을 갖고 있는 E. coli WP series, E. coli TK series 및 E. coli GW series 변이주들을 이용하여 chloropropanol의 변이원성 기구를 해석하였다. 3종류의 chloropropanol 모두 E. coli WP2s와 WP67에서는 돌연변이활성이 나타났으나 E. coli WP2와 CM611에서는 변이원성이 거의 나타나지 않았으며 2,3-DCP>3-MCPD>1,3-DCP 순으로 돌연변이 활성을 나타내었다. E. coli WP2s와 비교하여 E. coli WP2 $(WP2s\;uvrA^+)$에서 돌연변이활성이 크게 감소한 반면 균 생존율이 상당히 증가한 결과로부터 절제수복에 의해 쉽게 제거되는 DNA 손상임을 확인할 수 있었으며, E. coli CM611(WP2s lexA102)에서 돌연변이활성 및 균 생존율 모두 상당히 감소된 결과로부터 이들 물질에 의한 주요 DNA 손상이 SOS 수복 의존성임이 시사되었다. 또한 E. coli TK610 (umuC)에서의 돌연변이율과 균 생존율은 그 대조 균주인 E. coli TK603 $(umuC^+)$에 비하여 상당히 감소하여 chloropropanol에 의한 돌연변이 유발은 umuC가 관여하는 SOS 수복을 통하여 일어나는 것으로 확인되었다. E. coli GW1105 [lexA3 (Ind)]와 GW1107 [lexA51 (Def)] 두 균주에서 ${\beta}-galactosidase$의 활성이 chloropropnaol 첨가에 의해 변화하지 않았기 때문에 SOS 반응의 repressor로 작용하는 LexA에 대하여 chloropropnol이 직접적으로 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 chloropropanol에 의한 DNA 손상은 가장 기본적인 수복계라 할 수 있는 절제수복에 의하여 제거될 수 있으며, 돌연변이의 발생은 주로 SOS 수복계를 통하여 일어남을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.881-889
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• 1994

Let ($X, \Beta, \mu$) be a measure space with the $\sigma$-algebra $\Beta$ and the probability measure $\mu$. Throughouth this article set equalities and inclusions are understood as being so modulo measure zero sets. A transformation T defined on a probability space X is said to be measure preserving if $\mu(T^{-1}E) = \mu(E)$ for $E \in B$. It is said to be ergodic if $\mu(E) = 0$ or i whenever $T^{-1}E = E$ for $E \in B$. Consider the sequence ${x, Tx, T^2x,...}$ for $x \in X$. One may ask the following questions: What is the relative frequency of the points $T^nx$ which visit the set E\ulcorner Birkhoff Ergodic Theorem states that for an ergodic transformation T the time average $lim_{n \to \infty}(1/N)\sum^{N-1}_{n=0}{f(T^nx)}$ equals for almost every x the space average $(1/\mu(X)) \int_X f(x)d\mu(x)$. In the special case when f is the characteristic function $\chi E$ of a set E and T is ergodic we have the following formula for the frequency of visits of T-iterates to E : $$ lim_{N \to \infty} \frac{$\mid${n : T^n x \in E, 0 \leq n $\mid$}{N} = \mu(E) $$ for almost all $x \in X$ where $$\mid$\cdot$\mid$$ denotes cardinality of a set. For the details, see [8], [10].