• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.27-38
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• 2007

The objective of this research is to propose a e-learning standardization roadmap based on the future scenarios. First of all, a e-learning standardization committee was organized to collect ideas on the visions of the future e-learning, in which experts from the technological, educational, and standardization field were invited. They made a great contribution to the success of this research by furnishing us with valuable advices and feedbacks. The first step of the research was to survey the current e-learning standardization proposals suggested by some of standard organizations in and out of the country. We developed three 2015 scenarios for e-learning in elementary and secondary education, in university education, and in life-long education respectively by using a top-down roadmap development strategy. In the second step, we drew a new e-learning standardization roadmap v2 out of the future scenarios by gap analysis between the current and the future e-learning standardization elements. These future e-learning scenarios and e-learning standardization roadmap are very helpful to teachers or educational policy makers for understanding future e-learning and e-learning standardization.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2008

RraA is a recently discovered protein inhibitor that regulates the enzymatic activity of RNase E, which plays a major role in the decay and processing of RNAs in Escherichia coli. It has also been shown to regulate the activity of RNase ES, a functional Streptomyces coelicolor ortholog of RNase E, which has 36% identity to the amino-terminal region of RNase E. There are two open reading frames in S. coelicolor genome that can potentially encode proteins having more than 35.4% similarity to the amino acid sequence of RraA. DNA fragment encoding one of these RraA orthologs, designated as RraAS2 here, was amplified and cloned in to E. coli vector to test whether it has ability to regulate RNase E activity in E. coli cells. Co-expression of RraAS2 partially rescued E. coli cells over-producing RNase E from growth arrest, although not as efficiently as RraA, induced by the increased ribonucleolytic activity in the cells. The copy number of ColEl-type plasmid in these cells was also decreased by 14% compared to that in cells over-producing RNase E only, indicating the ability of RraAS2 to inhibit RNase E action on RNA I. We observed that the expression level of RraAS2 was lower than that of RraA by 4.2 folds under the same culture condition, suggesting that because of inefficient expression of RraAS2 in E. coli cells, co-expression of RraAS2 was not efficiently able to inhibit RNase E activity to the level for proper processing and decay of all RNA species that is required to restore normal cellular growth to the cells over-producing RNase E.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.728-736
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• 2001

Effects of packaging material and oxygen absorbant on physical and chemical properties of Yukwu were studied during storage to develop packaging conditions. The packaging materials used were PET/EVOH $(16\;{\mu}m)/PL$ : P1 and PET/EVOH $(24\;{\mu}m)/PL$ : P2 with or without oxygen absorbent (E1A : P1 and E2A : P2 for w/ $O_2$, absorbent, E1EA : P1 and E2EA : P2 for w/o $O_2$, absorbent). Color values for Yukwu indicated that L values of E1A, E1EA, E2A and E2EA were decreased during storage while those b values were increased. Hardness and chewiness of Yukwa were generally decreased, however those of E1A and E1EA were rather increased after 6 weeks of storage. Acid value of E2A had maintained less than 2.0 during 12 weeks of storage. E1A, E2A had the below of 20 in peroxide during 12 weeks. Aroma data by using electronic nose showed that there was no difference after 6 week storage time in different packaging materials. Sensory evaluation (Yukwa odor and rancid odor) showed very similar results with electronic nose one. E2A had the highest value of overall acceptability for sensory evaluation. Hardness and cheweness in physical measurement results had the highest correlation with hardness, crispness, overall-acceptability in sensory evaluation results.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.176-183
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• 2012

Eukaryotic translation termination is governed by eRF1 and eRF3. eRF1 recognizes the stop codons and then hydrolyzes peptidyl-tRNA. eRF3, which facilitates the termination process, belongs to the GTPase superfamily. In this study, the effect of the MC domain of eRF1a (eRF1aMC) on the GTPase activity of eRF3 was analyzed using fluorescence spectra and high-performance liquid chromatography. The results indicated eRF1aMC promotes the GTPase activity of eRF3, which is similar to the role of eRF1a. Furthermore, the increased affinity of eRF3 for GTP induced by eRF1aMC was dependent on the concentration of $Mg^{2+}$. Changes in the secondary structure of eRF3C after binding GTP/GDP were detected by CD spectroscopy. The results revealed changes of conformation during formation of the eRF3C GTP complex that were detected in the presence of eRF1a or eRF1aMC. The conformations of the eRF3C eRF1a GTP and eRF3C eRF1aMC GTP complexes were further altered upon the addition of $Mg^{2+}$. By contrast, there was no change in the conformation of GTP bound to free eRF3C or the eRF3C eRF1aN complex. These results suggest that alterations in the conformation of GTP bound to eRF3 is dependent on eRF1a and $Mg^{2+}$, whereas the MC domain of eRF1a is responsible for the change in the conformation of GTP bound to eRF3 in Euplotes octocarinatus.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.25
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• pp.679-694
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• 2011

La langue est un des ${\acute{e}}l{\acute{e}}ments$ $privil{\acute{e}}gi{\acute{e}}s$ de la $r{\hat{e}}verie$ chez Bachelard. La langue est une force fondamentale de l'imagination. D'une part, elle garde son propre valeur dans le processus de l'imagination, et d'autre part elle forme sa propre image. La $priorit{\acute{e}}$ de langue chez Bachelard a, en effet, quelque liaison avec la notion de Logos qui avait ${\acute{e}}t{\acute{e}}$ $trait{\acute{e}}$ depuis longtemps comme $v{\acute{e}}rit{\acute{e}}$ ${\acute{e}}ternelle$ dans la $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ occidentale. Cependant, la notion de logos de Bachelard se $diff{\grave{e}}re$ de celle de $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ occidentale. Tandis que la $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ traditionnelle traite le logos comme un but ${\acute{e}}ternel$ de sa $m{\acute{e}}ditation$, Bachelard donne l'importance sur la $capacit{\acute{e}}$ linguistique et imaginaire du logos. Le $logosph{\grave{e}}re$ est un des exemples qui montre bien la $diff{\acute{e}}rence$ entre la notion de logos de Bachelard et celle de $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ traditionnelle. Le $logosph{\grave{e}}re$ est un $n{\acute{e}}ologisme$ de Bachelard qui est fait pour $d{\acute{e}}signer$ $l^{\prime}atmosph{\grave{e}}re$ verbal de la $soci{\acute{e}}t{\acute{e}}$ contemporaine $gr{\hat{a}}ce$ ${\grave{a}}$ l'emission de radio. Bachelard comprend le $ph{\acute{e}}nom{\grave{e}}ne$ de radio en tant que $r{\acute{e}}alisation$ de $Psych{\acute{e}}$ dans la vie quotidienne. C'est $gr{\hat{a}}ce$ ${\grave{a}}$ la technologie moderne que nous pouvons avoir l'univers de langue plus facilement par rapport aux $si{\grave{e}}cles$ $pr{\acute{e}}c{\acute{e}}dents$. Selon Bachelard, la radio n'est pas un simple instrument de communication. C'est une porte pour entrer dans la $r{\hat{e}}verie$ universelle. La radio est une voix du monde qui exprime notre inconscient. Quand un $r{\hat{e}}veur$ $r{\hat{e}}ve$, son $r{\hat{e}}verie$ se $d{\acute{e}}veloppe$ en se discutant avec le monde. Alors, quand nous $r{\hat{e}}vons$, nous parlons au monde et nous ${\acute{e}}coutons$ du monde, de sorte que nous devenons les citoyens du $logosph{\grave{e}}re$. Dans son oeuvre Sur la Grammatologie, J. Derrida critique la $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ occidentale en la intitulant logocentrisme. Derrida pense que la philosophie occidentale a comme le but final la $pr{\acute{e}}sence$ de logos. Cette $pr{\acute{e}}sence$ de logos ne peut ${\hat{e}}tre$ $r{\acute{e}}alis{\acute{e}}e$ que par la langue de la voix, non pas par la langue de $caract{\grave{e}}re$. $D^{\prime}o{\grave{u}}$ vient le logocentrisme ou le phonocentrisme de $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ occidental. Mais Derrida pense que le logocentrisme n'est qu'un autre aspect de l'ethnocentrisme ${\acute{e}}troit$ de l'occident. La notion de $logosph{\grave{e}}re$ de Bachelard a quelques ressemblances avec logocentrisme par ses apparences. Cependant, elles ont une $diff{\acute{e}}rence$ fondamentale depuis leur $d{\acute{e}}part$. Tandis que logocentrisme $tra{\hat{i}}te$ la parole en tant que $mani{\grave{e}}re$ d'expression de raison qui est une puissance fondamentale de l'homme, Bachelard pense que la parole est un $r{\acute{e}}sultat$ d'une opposition et fusion de notre raisons et parole. Bachelard pense que la parole est une $r{\acute{e}}alisation$ de l'image qui est l'essence de notre $psych{\acute{e}}$. Pour lui, la parole, la quintessence de $logosph{\grave{e}}re$, est le champ de l'imagination $d^{\prime}o{\grave{u}}$ jaillissent les images. C'est pour cela que $logosph{\grave{e}}re$ se situe ${\grave{a}}$ l'antipode de logocentrisme. $Logosph{\grave{e}}re$ nous fournit un espace de $r{\hat{e}}verie$ de langue. Notre $soci{\acute{e}}t{\acute{e}}$ contemporaine $fourr{\acute{e}}e$ des images visuelles creuses est $d{\acute{e}}pouill{\acute{e}}e$ de plus en plus des espaces de $r{\hat{e}}veries$. C'est une des raisons que le $logosph{\grave{e}}re$ de Bachelard doit ${\hat{e}}tre$ $r{\acute{e}}activ{\acute{e}}$ aujourd'hui.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.3
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• pp.33-61
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• 2001

Dans les arts modernes, nous ressentons souvent un $probl\`{e}me$ $disloqu\'{e}par$ rapport aux humains. Ceci ne viendrait-il pas $peut-\^{e}tre$ do notre $pens\'{e}e$ dans l' $\'{e}change$ culturelle entre le monde et nous qui s' appuie trop une $temporalit\'{e}$ et logique? Cette $the\`{s}e$ approche ce $probl\`{e}me$ $\`{a}$ travers one perception anthropologique do monde, en $\'{e}tudiant$ les arts tridimensionnels avec ses $\'{e}schelles$ qui deviennes plus on plus agrandis. Maurice Merleau-Ponty, dans son livre 'la $ph\'{e}nom\'{e}nologie$ de la perception', bien $r\'{e}sumait$ une $intersubjectivit\'{e}$ entre l' espace et nous. Selon lui, l' homme prend conscience do la forme des objets avec son environnement parce quil est un corps on interaction avec eux. Donc nous $r\'{e}f\'{e}rons$ ce livre pour notre set. Et on essayera ici d' $\'{e}tudier$ le travail do Constantin Brancusi, de Alberto Giacometti, do Richard Serra et do quelques d' autres travaux d' artistes L' oeuvre do Brancusi 'la Colonne sans fin', la taille plus de 29 m, produit one impression sur le spectateur relativement $\grave{a}$ la forme continue et $r\'{e}p\'{e}t\'{e}e$ $\`{a}$ linfini de $mani\'{e}re$ unifome. La pratique de Giacometti qui tenait compte do son envergure et de la longueur do son corps ainsi que do distance et de la mesure do sos bras, Il $d\'{e}formait$ aussi les silhouettes et transformait les objects en les $\'{e}tirant$ dans la perspective. Rosalind Krauss parler $\`{a}$ loeuvre do Serra, dans son livre 'l' originalit de lavant-garde et sutres mythes modernistes' (pp. 319-333), le spectateur est toujours on mouvement on liaison entre l' horizon do corps et celui do monde. Cette $transitivit\'{e}$ abstraite $r\'{e}ciproque$ entre le regardeur et le $regard\'{e}$, qui est comme le sujet de nombreuses oeuvres do Serra. Cependant le Maximalisme est $\`{a}$ l' origine Minimalisme qui s' $\'{e}tend$ dans ses efforts $th\'{e}oriques$ jusqu' au l' espace architecturale. Ces sculptures do grandes dimensions so situent autour de $b\^{a}timent$ ou dans lespace environnementale, comme ils sent l' architecture et le paysage. On suppose ici, leurs concepts de l' espace $\'{e}largit$ $\`{a}$ celui d' architecture. La sculpture et l' architecture $r\'{e}ciproque$ l' espace tridimensionnel entre eux, mais selon l' argument do Herbert Read pour la distinction de ces deux arts originaux sont, deux saisies de l' espace, ici englobant, $l\`{a}$ $englob\'{e}$. On $\'{e}tudie$ dans co set de concept de l' espace et de l' $\'{e}chelle$ d' objet par rapport au corps humain.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.445-451
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• 2007

Translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is a key regulator of protein synthesis. Abnormal regulation of eIF4E is closely linked to oncogenic transformation. Several regulatory mechanisms affecting eIF4E are discussed, including transcriptional regulation, phosphorylation and binding of an inhibitor protein. However it is not clear how the level of eIF4E protein is regulated under basal conditions. Here we demonstrate that Diap1 (Drosophila Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein), a cell death inhibitor, binds directly to eIF4E and poly-ubiquitinates it via its E3 ligase activity, promoting its proteasome-dependent degradation. Expression of Diap1 caused a reduction of Cyclin D1 protein level and inhibited the growth stimulation induced by overexpression of eIF4E. Taken together, our results suggest that the level of eIF4E protein is regulated by Diap1, and that IAPs may play a role in cap-dependent translation by regulating the level of eIF4E protein.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 1977

Les modes des costumes naitonaux de $cor{\acute{e}}e$ est plus simple que celle du Occident. mais les facons, sur les quelles les mesures fondamentalement agissent, ont des $varit{\acute{e}}s$ selon les personnes qui se les habillent: masculines, $f{\acute{e}}m$ nines, jeunes, vieilles. Le but de cette ${\acute{e}}tude$ est, par l'anayse statistique des mesures, $d'{\acute{e}}tablir$ comment sont les $vari{\acute{e}}t{\acute{e}}s$. Les $r{\acute{e}}sultats$ de ce travail peuveut $\hat{e}tre$ $r{\acute{e}}sum{\acute{e}}s$ ainsi: 1. Plus $\grave{a}g{\acute{e}}s$ sont les personnes, plue larges et longues les Cheo-go-ri (vestes). 2. A propos des longeur des vestes, on les $g{\acute{e}}n{\acute{e}}ralement$ $consid{\acute{e}}re$ comme les $donn{\acute{e}}es$ principalement $subondonn{\acute{e}}es$ aux tailles des personnes $habill{\acute{e}}es$. mais a mon travail, le tour do poitrine peut-$\hat{e}tre$ le plus relatis en ce problemes. [parce que le coefficient $conr{\acute{e}}ratif$ ayant rapponts au tour de poitrine (r=0.512) est plus haut que celui qui est relatif a la taille (r=0.436).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.502-505
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• 2005

According to use of a multimedia content being increased in an e-learning, a size deviation of a content to provide in an e-teaming system is increased. It is becoming a factor to drop efficiency of education because this makes a deviation of response time on an e-learning user. Therefore, studies about a deviation improvement of user response speed is necessary in the e-learning system that used a multimedia content. In this study, we designe the hybrid e-teaming system that used multi-layed structire. A proposed system is based on a characteristics of media and size of a content that a multimedia data had. Also, it proved superiority of performance through experimentation.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.211-254
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• 2011

O presente trabalho pretende explorar a relação entre a língua nacional e a construção da idenidade nacional no Brasil, materializando os enunciados da "Casa-grande & Senzala" de Gilberto Freyre e os discursos cruzados entre Freyre e romancistas. Atualmente, o português brasileiro é uma manifestação mais extensa e mais profunda da alma multiforme da nacionalidade brasileira como a língua é um tópico essencial no processo de constituição da nacionalidade, ao lado da geografia, da história e da étnia. Junto com o português brasileiro, como o idioma oficial do Brasil, tradições, ideias nacionais se difundiam por todos os habitantes dessa comunidade imaginária. Ao invés dos temas clássicos(como a mestiçagem e a história da vida privada) de Gilberto Freyre, neste trabalho, discutimos as interpretações que Gilberto Freyre fez pelo prisma do luso-tropicalismo sobre a língua e a identidade nacional no Brasil, considerando o cruzamento da Casa-grande e da Senzala representadas na estrutura das obras dos romancistas brasileiros.