• 한국어류학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.10-20
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• 2011

한반도 고유종인 묵납자루(Acheilognathus signifer)로부터 metallothionein(MT) 유전자를 분리하고 그 유전자 구조와 발현 특징을 분석하였다. 묵납자루 MT cDNA는 20개의 시스테인(cysteines)을 포함한 60개의 아미노산을 암호화하고 있었고, 이들 시스테인 잔기들의 위치는 잉어목 어류에서 잘 보전되어 있었다. 묵납자루 MT 유전자는 3개의 exon과 2개의 intron으로 구성되어 있었으며 intron영역은 A/T조성 빈도가 높았다. 생물정보 분석법을 통해 묵납자루 MT 유전자의 프로모터 영역은 중금속 조절 빛 스트레스/면역관련 조절에 관련한 다양한 전사 조절인자들의 부착 위치들이 보유하고 있는 것으로 예측되었다. Real-time RT-PCR 분석법을 이용한 묵납자루 MT mRNA의 조직 별 발현 수준을 조사한 결과, 난소와 장 조직에서의 발현 수준이 가장 높았으며 성장과 근욕 조직에서의 발현 수준이 가장 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. 구리를 이용한 중금속 노출 실험(구리 농도 $0.5\;{\mu}M$을 이용, 48 시간 동안 침지 처리)을 통하여 간 조직에서 MT mRNA 발현이 가장 많이 유도되었고(3.5배 이상), 비장, 신장 및 아가미에서도 유의적인 발현양의 증가(1.5~2.5배)가 관찰되었다. 그러나 뇌 및 장 조직에서는 MT 발현양의 변화가 없었다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 멸종위기 고유종인 묵납자루의 중금속 관련 스트레스 연구에 유용한 기초 자료를 제공할 수 있으리라 기대된다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.429-441
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• 2009

We have determined the complete mitochondrial genome of the yellow-spotted long horned beetle, Psacothea hilaris (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), an endangered insect species in Korea. The 15,856-bp long P. hilaris mitogenome harbors gene content typical of the animal mitogenome and a gene arrangement identical to the most common type found in insect mitogenomes. As with all other sequenced coleopteran species, the 5-bp long TAGTA motif was also detected in the intergenic space sequence located between $tRNA^{Ser}$(UCN) and ND1 of P. hilaris. The 1,190-bp long non-coding A+T-rich region harbors an unusual series of seven identical repeat sequences of 57-bp in length and several stretches of sequences with the potential to form stem-and-loop structures. Furthermore, it contains one $tRNA^{Arg}$-like sequence and one $tRNA^{Lys}$-like sequence. Phylogenetic analysis among available coleopteran mitogenomes using the concatenated amino acid sequences of PCGs appear to support the sister group relationship of the suborder Polyphaga to all remaining suborders, including Adephaga, Myxophaga, and Archostemata. Among the two available infraorders in Polyphaga, a monophyletic Cucujiformia was confirmed, with the placement of Cleroidea as the basal lineage for Cucujiformia. On the other hand, the infraorder Elateriformia was not identified as monophyletic, thereby indicating that Scirtoidea and Buprestoidea are the basal lineages for Cucujiformia and the remaining Elateriformia.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.545-553
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• 1999

A 474-base pair segment covering the hypervariable region of VP2 gene from six Korean infectious bursal disease virus(K-IBDV) isolates(K1, K2, SH/92, 225, 269, 310) and one attenuated IBDV(DAE) were amplified using RT-PCR, sequenced, and compared with published sequences for IBDV. K-IBDV isolates(K1, K2, SH/92, 225, 269) and foreign very virulent(vv) IBDV strains had 94.93~100% amino acid sequence similarity. K-IBDV isolate 310 and other K-IBDV isolates had 84.31~86.07% amino acid sequence similarity. Attenuated strain(DAE), like other attenuated strain, has substitution at positions 279(D to N) and 284(A to T) as well as in the serine-rich heptapeptide region. Five K-IBDV isolates except 310 isolate share unique amino acid residues at positions 222(A), 256(I), 294(I) which are not present in other standard and attenuated strains. At the two hydrophilic region, K-IBDV isolates except 310 isolate had identical amino acids comparing with Belgium vv IBDV 894VB but had four amino acid substitutions comparing with Chinese vv IBDV F9502. The SWSASGS heptapeptide is conserved in all K-IBDV isolates. The sequence of K-IBDV isolate 310 was markedly different from other IBDV strains, evolving from a separate lineage than the others. By phylogenetic analysis, Five K-IBDV isolates except 310 isolate were categorized in one group with foreign vv IBDV isolates but K-IBDV isolate 310 was categorized in a separate group which was differentiated from other compared IBDV strains.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.24-28
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• 2006

Author have studies lichen flora of the most important ice-free areas of Continental Antarctic: Bunger Hills, and the vicinity of Prudz Bay (Larsemann Hills, and Radok Lake in Prince Charles Mountains). Totally 44 lichen species from 22 genera were reported for Bunger Hills and 50 lichen species from 22 genera and 10 families: Acarosporaceae, Lecanoraceae, Lecideaceae, Parmeliaceae, Pertusariaceae, Physciaceae, Rhizocarpaceae, Stereocaulaceae, Theloschistaceae, and Umbilicariaceaewere reported for the Prudz Bay Region. 20 lichen species were found in the region for the first time. Phytogeographic analysis indicated a relatively high proportion of species with bipolar distribution - about 50% of recorded lichen species. About 30% of lichens normally don't extend into maritime zone occurring in continental Antarctic only. The most common lichen families in the region are Buelliaceae, Lecanoraceae and Teloschistaceae. The water supply and not a temperature is the critical factor for lichens in the Continental Antarctic. Moisture appears to be supplied for lichens not only from snow-melt water but mainly from air. In Maritime Antarctic, due to high air humidity macrolichens form communities everywhere (Himantormia, Usnea and Umbilicaria). In oases of Continental Antarctic extensive sites are lacking in lichen cover, even if the ground is normally snow free. Lichens occur at humid sites with moisture which were brought by winds over the ice cap and poorly developed or absent in dry areas. Of particular significance for lichens are substrate characteristics, animals influence and salinity brought by wind in coastal areas. Most rich lichen vegetation developed in oases around nests of snow petrels, where the melt water is enriched by nutrients. In contrast, the most pure vegetation is on mobile sand and gravel and in salted coastal habitats.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.230-233
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• 2008

The vanadium rich ash of petroleum coke can give a slagging problem during because of the high melting point of $V_2O_3$. For continuous removal of the slag, petroleum coke is often mixed with coal, and the viscosity of the mixed slag is an important property, determining the gasification temperature. The viscosities of the mixed slag from various mixing ratios of petroleum coke and a bituminous coal were investigated. When mixed with a crystalline coal slag, $T_{cv}$ was increased at a higher the coke content in the mixed feed. When the $V_2O_3$ concentration was greater than 4.5%, it was difficult to get accurate measurements of $T_{cv}$. The SEM/EDX analyses of the cooled slag revealed that the major crystalline phase was anorthite, and $T_{cv}$ should be related to the formation temperature of anorthite. The SEM/EDX analyses also showed that, at low concentrations of vanadium, part vanadium formed a crystalline phase with Al-Si-Ca-Fe, and the rest remained in the glassy phase, suggesting that vanadium existed as a slag component at the low viscosity region. At a high concentration, vanadium forms a phase with Ca, and the Ca-V phase was separated from the slag phase, and formed a layer above the slag. FeO in petroleum coke also played an important role determining viscosity: at high temperatures, increased FeO lowered the viscosity, but as it formed a spinel phase, the depletion of FeO in the slag resulted in a higher viscosity.

• BMB Reports
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• 제49권12호
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• pp.693-698
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• 2016

In this study, a tissue-specific GAL4/UAS activation tagging system was used for the characterization of genes which could induce lethality when ubiquitously expressed. A dominant mutant exhibiting stunted growth was isolated and named defective root development 1-D (drd1-D). The T-DNA tag was located within the promoter region of AtTX12, which is predicted to encode a truncated nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein, containing a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. The transcript levels of AtTX12 and defense-related genes were elevated in drd1-D, and the misexpression of AtTX12 recapitulated the drd1-D phenotypes. In the presence of ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1), a key transducer of signals triggered by TIR-type NLRs, a low-level of AtTX12 misexpression induced strong defective phenotypes including seedling lethality whereas, in the absence of EDS1, a high-level of AtTX12 misexpression induced weak growth defects like dwarfism, suggesting that AtTX12 might function mainly in an EDS1-dependent and partially in an EDS1-independent manner.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1191-1198
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• 2017

세포 내 소기관들과 소포들은 세포 내에서 미세소관을 따라 적절한 구획으로 수송된다. 이러한 세포 내 수송과정은 분자 모터단백질인 kinesin과 dynein에 의하여 이루어진다. Kinesin 1은 오징어 축삭돌기 세포질로부터 처음 분리되었으며 2개의 중쇄단위체(KHCs, 또는 KIF5s) 및 이와 결합하는 경쇄단위체(KLCs)의 복합체를 형성한다. KIF5s는C-말단 고리 영역을 통해 많은 다양한 단백질과 결합하는데, 아직 그 결합단백질들은 충분히 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 KIF5A 결합단백질을 분리하기 위하여 효모 two-hybrid 탐색을 수행하여 스트레스 과립형성과 mRNP 위치결정에 관여하는 Ras-GTPase-activating protein (GAP) Src homology3 (SH3)-domain-binding protein 2 (G3BP2)를 분리하였다. G3BP2는 KIF5A의 C-말단 고리 영역에 존재하는 73개 아미노산을 포함하는 영역과 결합하였다. 그러나 G3BP2는 KIF5B, KIF5C, KLC1, KIF3A와는 결합하지 않았다. KIF5A는 G3BP2의 arginine-glycine-glycine(RGG)/Gly-rich 도메인과 결합하지만 G3BP1과는 결합하지 않았다. HEK-293T세포에 G3BP2와 KIF5A를 발현하여 면역침강한 결과 G3BP2와 KIF5A는 같이 침강하였다. 또한 HEK-293T 세포 내의 전체에서 두 단백질은 같은 부위에 존재하였다. 이러한 결과들은 세포 내에서 G3BP2는 KIF5A와 결합하는 결합단백질로 확인 되었다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.394-408
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• 2007

Several genes/QTLs governing resistance/tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses have been reported and mapped in rice. A QTL for submergence tolerance was found to be co-located with a major QTL for broad-spectrum bacterial leaf blight (bs-blb) resistance on the long arm of chromosome 5 in indica cultivars FR13A and IET8585. Using the Nipponbare (japonica) and 93-11 (indica) genome sequences, we identified, in silico, candidate genes in the chromosomal region [Kottapalli et al. (2006)]. Transcriptional profiling of FR13A and IET8585 using a rice 22K oligo array validated the above findings. Based on in silico analysis and arraying we observed that both cultivars respond to the above stresses through a common signaling system involving protein kinases, adenosine mono phosphate kinase, leucine rich repeat, PDZ/DHR/GLGF, and response regulator receiver protein. The combined approaches suggest that transcription factor EREBP on long arm of chromosome 5 regulates both submergence tolerance and blb resistance. Pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase, co-located in the same region, are candidate downstream genes for submergence tolerance at the seedling stage, and t-snare for bs-blb resistance. We also detected up-regulation of novel defense/stress-related genes including those encoding fumaryl aceto acetate (FAA) hydrolase, scramblase, and galactose oxidase, in response to the imposed stresses.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.246-250
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• 2009

레트로바이러스는 바이러스 외막과 숙주세포막의 융합에 의해 세포내로 들어간다. Moloney 마우스레트로바이러스(murine leukemia virus)의 외막 단백질은 표면단백질(SU)과 막단백질(TM)을 포함하는 85 kDa의 전구체로 합성되는데 바이러스의 성숙과정에 막단백질의 카르복시 말단 16개의 아미노산(R-peptide)이 바이러스의 프로티아제에 의해 절단된다. R 펩타이드가 절단된 막단백질은 Moloney 마우스레트로바이러스에 대한 수용체를 가진 NIH3T3 세포주에서 합포체(syncytium)를 형성한다. R 펩타이드가 절단된 막단백질의 합포체 형성 기작 연구를 위해 R 펩타이드가 절단되어 있으며 표면단백질의 PRR (proline rich region) 부위가 EGFP로 삽입되어진 Moloney full length molecular clone을 만들었다. 이 clone은 NIH3T3 세포에서 합포체를 형성하였으며 형광이 세포질과 세포막에서 관찰되었으나 핵은 염색이 되지 않고 검게 보여 신속 정확하게 합포체 관찰이 가능하였다. 흥미롭게도 절단된 막단백질을 가진 비리온이 NIH3T3 세포에서 광학현미경으로 관찰하였을때는 합포체를 형성하였으나 형광현미경에서는 형광이 관찰되지 않아서 비리온이 세포감염 없이 바이러스-세포 융합 방식으로 합포체를 형성한 것으로 생각되었다. 본 연구에서는 형광의 발현 여부로 합포체 형성을 신속 정확하게 관찰할 수 있는 방법을 개발하였으며 R 펩타이드가 절단된 비리온이 세포 감염 없이 세포와 세포 사이의 융합을 매개할 수 있음을 밝혔다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.334-345
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• 2016

This study conducted surveys on perception and utilization of Korean soybean paste targeting 493 women from their 20s to 60s residing in Daegu. Most subjects married (75.3%), were part of a nuclear family (84.8%), had more than a high school diploma (95.8%), had a career (47.9%), lived in an apartment (68.4%), had a total household income of 5 million won or more (38.1%), and had monthly food expenses more than 0.5 million won and less than 1 million won (42.2%). Regarding perception, 'rich nutrition' was the most commonly held perception in subjects in their 60s (4.4), followed by 'good taste' in subjects in their 40s (4.3). Regarding reasons for consumption 'healthy' was highest in subjects in their 60s (47.3%) and 40s (45.6%) and 'delicious' in subjects in their 20s (56.1%). Regarding how to make it, subjects in their 60s responded 'know for sure' (57.1%), while only 2% of 20s responded the same. Subjects in their 50s and 60s had a higher ratio of answering 'know' while 20s and 30s 'don't know', For preparation methods, subjects in their 20s (53.1%) and 30s (41.4%) answered 'buy at the market', subjects in their 40s (68.9%) 'get from family or relatives' and subjects in their 60s (47.3%) 'make by one's own'. For preservation method, subjects in their 20s and 30s answered 'preserve in refrigerator', the 60s tend to answer 'preserve in jangdokdae'. Buying at the market was most common in subjects in their 20s (36.1%) and 30s (28.5%) and the reason was 'convenient' (39.6%). The place of purchase was 'in large supermarket or department store' (78.5%). For the future consumption pattern, 'increase in consumption of commercialized product (44.0%)', subjects in their 60s answered 'keep making at home' while subjects in their 30s and 40s answered 'keep making at home or buying product half and half'. According to the above study results, women living in Daegu region were aware of excellence of traditional soybean paste. However, due to changes in residential circumstance and lack of knowledge about the recipe, they did not make. They receive soybean paste t from family, relatives or bought in the market, which indicates the continuous decrease in home-made soybean paste. Therefore, due to the expanding social participation of women, the product market is expected to increase. I think it is important to develop traditional commercial soybean paste in the traditional way to improve the traditional flavors.