• 지질공학
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2010

암석의 손상상태를 평가하기위한 여러 방법들이 제안되어 있으나, 일부의 방법은 명확한 손상기준을 제시하기도 하지만 일부의 방법은 매우 모호하여 분석자의 주관에 따라 값이 달라지기도 한다. 그러므로 이 연구에서는 황등화강암을 대상으로 현재까지 제안된 모든 손상기준 결정방법을 적용하여, 각 방법의 적용성, 오차 및 최적의 손상기준결정 방법 등을 연구하였다. 또한 암석의 균열발달 및 파괴특성의 규명에 가장 중요한 손상기준인 균열개시응력과 균열손상응력을 FSR 및 장기 정하중 시험을 이용하여 검정하였다. 황등화강암의 균열닫힘응력과 균열개시응력은 각각 57.5 MPa, 77.6 MPa이며 균열체적변형률에서 측정하는 것이 가장 정확한 것으로 판단된다. 2차 균열개시응력은 90.6 MPa로 측정되었으며, 미소파괴음 계수 및 계수율이 균열개시응력의 측정에 가장 효과적인 것으로 판단된다. 균열결합응력 측정은 체적강성곡선, 미소파괴음 계수 및 미소파괴음 계수율이 가장 효과적인 방법으로 판단되며, 균열결합응력은 110.3 MPa이다. 균열손상응력은 체적강성곡선 및 미소파괴음 계수율에서 가장 명확히 측정되며, 약 127.5 MPa이다. 일축압축강도에 대한 비로서 나타낸 균열개시응력은 0.47로 FSR 값 0.46과 매우 유사하며, 균열손상응력은 0.77로 장기 정하중 시험을 통하여 측정된 장기 강도비 0.75~0.8과 거의 일치하여 균열개시응력 및 균열손상응력 값이 정확함을 검정하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1390-1393
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• 2003

Work factor approach is conveniently used in metal fracture mechanics to determine fracture toughness from a single fracture test. In this work, we investigated the applicability of the work factor approach in order to determine fracture toughness of thick graphite/epoxy composites in the hydrostatic pressure environment from a single fracture test. The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the elastic work factor was studied, The stacking sequence used was multi-directional, [0$^{\circ}$/${\pm}$45$^{\circ}$/90$^{\circ}$]. The hydrostatic pressures applied were 0.1 MPa, 100 MPa, 200 MPa, and 300 MPa. The results showed that the elastic work factor was not affected by the hydrostatic pressure, The elastic work factor decreased in a linear fashion with crack length.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 1999년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.163-169
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• 1999

Residual stresses causing stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of thin-walled steam generator U tubes were investigated. The residual stresses were measured by hole drilling methods, and the applied stresses resulting from the internal pressure and the temperature gradient in the steam generator were estimated theoretically. In U-bent regions, the residual stresses at extrados were induced with compressive stress(-), and its maximum value reached -319MPa in axial direction at $\phi$= $0^{\circ}$ in position. Maximum tensile residual stress of 170MPa was found to be at the flank side at position of $\phi$= $90^{\circ}$, i.e., at apex region. Hoop stress due to the pressure and temperature differences between primary and secondary side were analyzed to be 76 MPa and 45 MPa, respectively.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.212-218
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 제동시 발생하는 마찰열에 의한 철도차량 디스크의 온도 및 열응력을 유한요소해석을 이용하여 분석하고 동일 차량 디스크의 피로강도를 비교 평가하였다. 해석결과 초기속도 90, 105, 120km/h에서의 제동조건에서 제동했을 경우 디스크 마찰면에서 최대 von-Mise 응력은 각각 42.4, 50.3, 57.1MPa로 90km/h에서 120km/h로 33.3% 증가시 응력은 약 35% 증가하였으며 1년간 서울-부산간의 1회 왕복시 14.6%의 손상율이 발생하는 것으로 평가되어 선형손상법칙을 적용시 수명이 6.85년으로 예상된다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.24-27
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• 2008

This study was conducted to understand how osmotic potentials in Lentinula edodes tissues are related to water contents and how they change while a mushroom matures. Water content and osmotic potential of L. edodes mushroom tissues from log cultivation and sawdust cultivation were measured and the relationships were analyzed. Osmotic potentials in the tissues were exponentially proportional to their moisture contents and there were strain differences in the potentials. Strain 290 has lower osmotic potential than strain 302, in the tissues at the same water content. As the mushrooms mature, tissue water content maintained ca 94% in head tissues and ca 90% in gills, but significantly decreased from ca 90% to 82% in the stipe tissues. Osmotic potential changes were similar to the tissue water content changes as the mushrooms mature. While osmotic potentials maintained -0.25 to -0.45 MPa in head and gill tissues, the potentials greatly decreased from -0.65 to -1.33 MPa in stipe tissues. Our results show that osmotic potentials in L. edodes tissues are exponentially proportional to tissue water contents, that strains differ in osmotic potential related to water, and that stipe tissues can still have nutritional value when they mature.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.781-792
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• 1997

This study was peformed to evaluate the dynamic fatigue characteristics of the dental ceramics for all-ceramic crown. A feldspathic porcelain of VMK68. glass ceramic of IPS-Empress, and glass infiltrated alumina ceramic of In-Ceram were used. Disc specimens were prepared to the final dimensions of 12 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness. The biaxial flexure test was conducted using a ball-on-three-ball method. 240 specimens were tested in $37^{\circ}C$ water by testing 20 samples at each of four loading rates:0.05, 0.2, 1, and 5mm/min. 60 specimens were tested in a moisture-free environment by testing 20 samples at 5mm/min. The inert strength of VMK68 was 80.25MPa, and the fatigue parameters were n=29.1, ${\sigma}_{fo}=52.90MPa$. The inert strength of IPS-Empress was 104.76MPa, and the fatigue parameters were n=32.46, ${\sigma}_{fo}=67.52MPa$. The inert strength of In-Ceram was 429.33MPa, and the fatigue parameters were n=31.46, ${\sigma}_{fo}=258.36MPa$. 10-year failure stresses of VMK68, IPS-Empress, and In-Ceram were 20.3MPa, 24.8MPa, and 93.6MPa, respectively. Failure strength and fatigue life showed the highest value in In-Ceram, and then, IPS-Empress and VMK68.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2006

국내 숏크리트 관련 기술들은 지금까지 많은 발전을 이루어 왔으나 재료, 시공 및 관련 품질규격 등에서 여전히 문제들을 가지고 있다. 국외의 경우 $39.2{\sim}58.8 MPa$에 이르는 고강도 숏크리트 시공이 가능하여 터널에서 2차 라이닝의 대체나 장기내구성의 확보가 충분히 가능한 반면, 국내의 경우 설계강도가 20.6MPa 내외로 낮은 편이며 장기내구성도 신뢰하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 숏크리트의 강도 증진을 위해 고품질 혼화재와 고성능 급결제를 적용한 현장실험을 실시하였고, 유럽통합규격(EFNARC)에 의거하여 품질평가를 수행하였다. 또한, 탄산화와 동결융해의 복합인자에 의한 열화시험을 수행하여 고강도 숏크리트의 장기내구성을 평가하였다. 실험결과 알칼리 프리계 급결제를 사용한 경우 초기강도 증진율이 $90{\sim}97%$로 가장 높게 나타났고, 실리카 흄을 혼입한 숏크리트의 압축강도는 $45.2{\sim}55.8MPa$, 휨강도는 $5.01{\sim}6.66MPa$로 혼입하지 않은 경우에 비해 각각 $37{\sim}79%$, $17{\sim}61%$의 강도 증진 효과가 나타났다. 또한, 실리카 흄 치환율이 $7.5{\sim}10%$일 때 강도증진 효과가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 실리카 흄의 치환은 강섬유 혼입에 의한 숏크리트의 열화현상을 최소한으로 감소시켜, 숏크리트의 장기내구성을 확보하는데 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2010년도 춘계 학술대회 제22권1호
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• pp.419-420
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• 2010

고강도 콘크리트는 폭렬 발생을 제어하기 위하여 PP섬유와 나일론 섬유 등을 혼입하며, fiber cocktail로 PP섬유와 강섬유를 혼입한 형태도 많이 연구되어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Fiber-cocktail 내의 폴리프로필렌은 $1.5kg/m^3$, 강섬유는 각각 20, 30, $40kg/m^3$로 하여 시험체내의 온도를 살펴보았다. 실험결과 강섬유의 혼입이 증가하면서 콘크리트 내부 온도 및 철근의 온도가 낮아지는 것으로 나타나 강섬유는 고강도 콘크리트 화재 시 폭렬의 방지 및 온도상승 지연의 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제90권5호
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• pp.505-515
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• 2024

In this study, obtaining theoretical stress-strain curves and determining the parameters defining the equivalent rectangular stress block were aimed for 3 and 4-layered rectangular Reinforced Concrete (RC) cross-sections subjected to flexure. For these aims, the analytical stress-strain model proposed by Hognestad was chosen for the concrete grades (20 MPa≤fck≤60 MPa) used in this study. The tensile strength of the concrete was neglected and the thickness of the concrete layers in the compression zone of the concrete cross-section was taken as equal. In addition, while concrete strength was kept constant within each layer, concrete strengths belonging to separate layers were increased from the neutral axis towards the outer face of the compression zone of the concrete cross-section. After the equivalent rectangular stress block parameters were determined by numerical iterations, variations of these parameters depending on concrete strength in layers and layer numbers were obtained. Finally, some analytical equations have been proposed to predict the equivalent stress block parameters for the 3 and 4-layered RC cross-sections and validities of these proposed equations were shown by different metrics in this study.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate bond strength of Metal Disk alloy and casting alloy. Methods: Metal specimens were divided into 4 groups for each alloy. Three point flexural test were used to measure the bond strength of CAD/CAM metal alloy and casting alloy. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 19.0 for Windows. As for the analysis methods, the study used Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The average bonding strengths of Group 1 to porcelain was $36.7{\pm}9.90$ MPa, Group 2 to porcelain was $37.68{\pm}4.51$ MPa, Group 3 to porcelain was $36.43{\pm}6.57$ MPa, Group 4 to porcelain was $42.88{\pm}6.81$ MPa, Each group was not significantly different. Conclusion: Bond strength of Casting alloy is equal to or higher than bond strength of CAD/CAM Metal Disk alloy. Alloy clinical bond strength is 25 MPa, So CAD/CAM Metal Disk alloy can be used as dental material.