• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4635-4642
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• 2013

The advanced absorbent that used amine mixture with different order were developed to separate carbon dioxide emitted from fossil fuel power plant. The carbon dioxide absorption capacity for mixtures with different amine(primary, secondary and tertiary) were investigated according to $CO_2$ partial pressure. The carbon dioxide absorption capacity at the same pressure is ordered as 3DMA1P 30wt%>3DMA1P 27wt%+MEA 3wt%>3DMA1P 27wt%+DEA 3wt%. The result indicates that mixing tertiary amine with primary amine yields more efficient carbon dioxide absorbent than mixing tertiary with secondary amine does. Finally, the predicted semi-empirical gas-liquid equilibrium model fitted with experimental results.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.350-357
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• 2024

Backgrounds/Aims: This trial evaluated whether anti-inflammatory agents hydrocortisone (H) and indomethacin (I) could reduce major complications after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). Methods: Between June 2018 and June 2020, 105 patients undergoing PD with > 40% of acini on the intraoperative frozen section were randomized into three groups (35 patients per group): 1) intravenous H 100 mg 8 hourly, 2) rectal I suppository 100 mg 12 hourly, and 3) placebo (P) from postoperative day (POD) 0-2. Participants, investigators, and outcome assessors were blinded. The primary outcome was major complications (Clavien-Dindo grades 3-5). Secondary outcomes were overall complications (Clavien-Dindo grades 1-5), Clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF), delayed gastric emptying (DGE), postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH), surgical site infections (SSI), length of stay, POD-3 serum amylase, readmission rate, and mortality. Results: Major complications were comparable (8.6%, 5.7%, and 8.6% in groups H, I, and P, respectively). However, overall complications were significantly lower in group H than in group P (45.7% vs. 80.0%, p = 0.006). CR-POPF (14.3% vs. 25.7%, p = 0.371), PPH (8.6% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.710), DGE (8.6% vs. 22.9%, p = 0.188), and SSI (14.3% vs. 25.7%, p = 0.371) were comparable between groups H and P. Major complications and overall complications in group I were 5.7% and 60.0%, respectively, which were comparable to those in groups P and H. CR-POPF rates in groups H, I, and P were 14.3%, 17.1%, and 25.7%, respectively, which was comparable. Conclusions: H and I did not decrease major complications in PD.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of $\alpha$-tocopherol and cysteamine with Whitten's medium in supporting the development on in vitro maturation(IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in culture(IVC) on porcine oocytes. When the immature oocytes were cultured of $\alpha$-tocopherol for 40h, the nuclear maturation rates were 39, 4, 52.5 and 54.1%, respectivley. The nuclear maturation rates of treat groups were signficantly (P<0.05) higher than those of non-treat groups. After matureation, the oocytes were inseminated in vitro in medium 199 with ejaculated spermatoza for examination of sperm penetration, polyspermy, male pronuclear(MPN) formation, and cleavage rate. Sperm penetration rates of treat higher than the control groups(P<0.05), and MPN formation rates were significantly(P<0.05) higher on treated groups (24.3~53.1%) than control groups(14.2~21.4%). After insemination, the cleavage rates at 120hr were groups higher than control groups(P<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.320-326
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• 1997

In order to elucidate the degradation characteristics of the herbicide imazapyr in soil, mineralization to $^{14}CO_2$and adsorption were investigated using eight types of soils with the different physico-chemical properties. The results obtained were as follows: 1. During the incubation period of 12 weeks after the treatment of imazapyr, the amounts of $^{14}CO_2$ evolved from 8 types of soils with different properties ranged from 1.5 to 4.9% of the originally applied $^{14}C$ activities. Soil C, G, and H with low pH and high organic matter showed low $^{14}CO_2$evolution, whereas soil B and D with high pH and low organic matter did high $^{14}CO_2$ evolution. 2. Time for reaching the equilibrium concentrations in the adsorption experiment of imazapyr in soils was about 3 hours at $25^{\circ}c$ in soil C, D, G, and H. Imazapyr was adsorbed in the range of 0.25${\sim}$28.32% in soils with different physico-chemical properties. Among the soil parameters, organic matter content was the most influential in imazapyr adsorption on soil. The Freundlich adsorption coefficient $(K_f)$ increased 5.5 to 25.6 times as organic matter content increased 2.0 to 21.3 times. Hence it seems that the extent to which soil organic matter contributes to imazapyr adsorption is greater than that of clay mineral. $K_f$ values for the soils tested were 0.44, 0.08, 0.65, and 2.05 in soil C, D, G, and H, respectively. In all the soils tested, $K_f$ values had a strong resemblance to K_$K_d$.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 1990

A Continous wave tunable $CO_2$ laser which is the slow axial flow type was construccted for the optical pumping of methyl alcohol ($CH_3OH$) laser. The reflective grating of 100 grooveslmm and 10.6$\mu\textrm{m}$ blaze wavelength was used to select wavelength. We have investigated continous outpu: power characteristics, and then have compared tuned output power profile with the gain curve of $CO_2$ laser. The optimum condition for maxium power was found at the gas mixing ratio 1 : 3 : 10 for $CO_2: N_2$ and He. under this condition the flow rate, pressure of lasing gas and discharge current are 9.5 llmin. 14 torr, and 55 mA respectively. The maxium output power was 55 Wlm. Output power of single wavelength operation was measured on 60 individual rotation vibration transitions in the P and K branches of the 9.5$\mu\textrm{m}$ band and 10.4$\mu\textrm{m}$ band in $CO_2$. The output power profile obtained from each band is well consistent with the gain curve of $CO_2$ laser and maxium tuned output power was 20 watt.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.463-472
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• 2006

Background: Since video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) was introduced as a new treatment modality for empyema thoracis, numerous reports have suggested that VATS is a more effective treatment method than the traditional methods that mainly use antibiotics and drainage apparatus. However, no confirmative evidence of the superiority of VATS over the traditional method has been provided yet. Methods: We attempted to evaluate the efficacy of VATS for the treatment of empyema thoracis by reviewing past medical records and simple chest films. First, we divided the patients into two groups based on the treatment method: group A of 15 patients who were treated with the traditional method between January 2001 and December 2003, and group B of 9 patients who were treated with VATS between December 2003 and August 2006. The final outcomes used in this study were the number of days of hospital stay, chest tube duration, leukocytosis duration, febrile duration, and intravenous antibiotics usage duration. In addition, radiological improvements were compared. Results: The mean age(${\pm}$standard deviation) of 11 men and 4 women in group A was $58.2{\pm}15.7$ years, and of 9 men and 2 women in group B was $51.6{\pm}9.5$ years. Group B had a significantly shorter hospital stay ($16.6{\pm}7.4$ vs. $33.7{\pm}22.6$ days; p=0.014), shorter chest tube duration ($10.5{\pm}5.7$ vs. $19.5{\pm}14.4$ days; p=0.039), shorter leukocytosis duration ($6.7{\pm}6.5$ vs. $18.8{\pm}13.2$ days; p=0.008), shorter febrile duration ($0.8{\pm}1.8$ vs. $9.4{\pm}9.2$ days; p=0.004), and shorter duration of intravenous antibiotics usage ($14.9{\pm}6.4$ vs. $25.4{\pm}13.9$ days; p=0.018). However, radiological improvements did not show any statistical differences. Conclusion: Early application of VATS for empyema thoracis treatment reduced hospital stay, thoracostomy tube duration, leukocytosis duration, febrile duration, and antibiotics usage duration in comparison with the traditional methods. The early performing of VATS might be an effective treatment modality for empyema thoracis.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2000

A method for quantitative and qualitative analysis of geosmin, odorant produced by several actinomycetes and cyanobacteria, was established and optimized. The effects of environmental conditions on the growth of Phormidium sp. NIVA-CYA7 were examined and the production and release of geosmin by the species was analyzed by using the purge and trap-gas chromatographic technique. One of the major advantages of the technique established in the present study is that the preparation of sample is simpler and purge time is shorter. Under the culture conditions (pH 7.9, $20^{\circ}C$, 120-140 $\mu$E/$m^2$/s and Z8 medium), Phormidium showed growth characteristics with a lag phase for 8 days and an exponential phase for 14 days followed by a stationary phase. Reduction of inorganic nitrogen concentrations in the culture medium from 250 to 100 or 25 $\mu$M brought no significant effect on the cell growth. However, the cell growth was significantly inhibited with decreasing concentrations of inorganic phosphorus from 25 to 10 or 2.5 $\mu$M. When the inorganic phosphorus concentration in the medium was lowered from 25 to 10 $\mu$M, the levels of geosmin in the organism expressed as percentages per unit TOC and chlorophyII-$\alpha$ increased by 35% and 68%, respectively. When the initial pH of the medium was 9.4, geosmin content was 0.0824 $\mu$g/mg C, which was 2-fold higher than that at pH 7.9 Consequently, the level of geosmin in Phormidium was found to vary with growth phases of the culture, external inorganic phosphorus concentration and external pH, while the release of geosmin was not significantly affected by the factors.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1705-1707
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• 2006

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2018

A preliminary study into the protective mechanisms of adaptive immunity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in piglets (n = 9) born to a gilt challenged intranasally with a type-2 PRRSV. Immune parameters (neutralizing antibodies, $CD3^+CD4^+$, $CD3^+CD8^+$, $CD3^+CD4^+CD8^+$ T-lymphocytes, and PRRSV-specific interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$ secreting T-lymphocytes) were compared with infection parameters (macro- and microscopic lung lesion, and PRRSV-infected porcine alveolar macrophages ($CD172{\alpha}^+PRRSV-N^+\;PAM$) as well as with plasma and lymphoid tissue viral loads. Percentages of three T-lymphocyte phenotypes in 14-days post-birth (dpb) peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) had significant negative correlations with percentages of $CD172{\alpha}^+PRRSV-N^+\;PAM$ (p < 0.05) as well as with macroscopic lung lesion (p < 0.01). Plasma and tissue viral loads had significant (p < 0.05) negative correlations with $CD3^+CD4^+CD8^+$ T-lymphocyte percentage in PBMC. Frequencies of $CD3^+CD8^+$ and $CD3^+CD4^+$ T-lymphocytes in 14-dpb PBMC had significant negative correlations with of lymph node (p = 0.04) and lung (p = 0.002) viral loads. $IFN-{\gamma}$-secreting T-lymphocytes frequency had a significant negative correlation with gross lung lesion severity (p = 0.002). However, neutralizing antibody titers had no significant negative correlation (p > 0.1) with infection parameters. The results indicate that T-lymphocytes contribute to controlling PRRSV replication in young piglets born after in-utero infection.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7635-7638
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• 2013

Background: Sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) has been recently proposed as a novel biomarker for early diagnosis of several human tumors, including ovarian, cervical and breast cancers. Its clinical value remains to be clarified for endometrial cancer (EC). In this study, we investigated the utility of serum SPAG9 levels in diagnosis of EC and its association with important clinicopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at a tertiary women's referral center in Ankara, Turkey. Preoperative serum samples were collected from patients surgically treated for endometrial cancer between June 2012-April 2013. Similar aged women with a biopsy proven benign endometrium were used as controls. Serum SPAG9 levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and assessed for links with clinicopathological factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess power of SPAG9 levels for EC prediction. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 63 women with EC and 27 with benign endometrium were included in the study. Mean age in the EC group was $58.7{\pm}1.1$. Median SPAG9 levels in the EC and control groups were 18.3 (range, 12.7-53.8) and 14.1 (range, 4.3-65.3), respectively (p<0.001). A cut-off value of 17 ng/ml for SPAG9 predicted presence of malignant endometrium with 74% sensitivity and 83% specificity [Area under curve (AUC)=0.82, p<0.001]. SPAG9 levels did not demonstrate any significant association with histological type, FIGO stage, tumor grade, size, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, cervical involvement, adnexal involvement, peritoneal cytology or lymph node status (all p>0.05). Conclusions: Testing for SPAG9 may be useful for early detection of EC in asymptomatic high-risk women. Its role in post-treatment follow-up and early detection of recurrence should be assessed in future trials.