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Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Copper-soy Proteinate on the Performance of Laying Hens (Copper-soy Proteinate의 첨가가 채란계의 생산성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Mun-Ku;Kim, Chan-Ho;Shin, Dong-Hun;Jung, Byoung-Yun;Paik, In-Kee
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.165-171
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    • 2011
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of copper-soy proteinate (Cu-SP) on the performance of laying hens. A total of 1,000 Hy-Line Brown laying hens of 32 wks old were assigned to one of the following 5 dietary treatments: Control, Cu-SP 50, 100, 150, 200 (50, 100, 150, 200 ppm Cu supplementation as Cu-soy proteinate). Each treatment was replicated 4 times with fifty birds per replication, housed in 2 birds cages. Fifty birds units were arranged according to randomized block design. Feeding trial lasted 5 wks under 16L : 8D lighting regimen. There were no significant differences among treatments in hen-day and hen-house egg production, egg weight, broken & soft egg production. Feed intake and feed conversion rate (FCR) were significantly (P<0.01) lower in Cu-SP treated groups than Control. Eggshell thickness was significantly (P<0.01) higher in Control than Cu-SP 100, 150 and 200. Egg yolk color index was significantly (P<0.01) higher in Cu-SP 200 than other treatments. Egg shell color index was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Cu-SP 150 and Cu-SP 200 than Cu-SP 100. Concentration of copper, iron and zinc of the egg yolk were not significantly influenced by treatment. There were no significant differences in the level of leukocytes and erythrocytes in the chicken blood. The result of this experiment showed that dietary supplementation of Cu-SP at the level of 50ppm of Cu can reduce feed intake and FCR.

Occurrence of Wilting Disease(Fusarium spp) according to Crop Rotation and Continuous Cropping of Sesame(Sesamun indicum) (참깨연작(連作) 및 윤작재배(輪作栽培)에 따른 시들음병(病)(Fusarium spp)의 발생상황(發生狀況))

  • Paik, Su-Bong;Do, Eun-Su;Yang, Jang-Seock;Han, Man-Jong
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.220-225
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    • 1988
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effect on the system of crop rotation of sesame(Sesamum indicum L). The results of infected plant percentage and yield of sesame wilting disease, fluctuation of density of Fusarium oxysporum and Actinomycetes, and their pathogenicity test on Fusarium spp isolated from sesame cultural soil were investigated. Density of F. oxysporum was the highest in a sesame continuous cropping soil but that of Actinomycetes was the lowest in that soil. And that of F. oxysporum and Actinomycetes according to investigation date was the highest at June. 30 and July. 30, respectively. Their pathogenicity of F. oxysporum and F. solani isolated from sesame cultural soil to sesame, peanut and green gram were recognized to all isolates except one isolate among F. oxysporum 8 isolates and one isolate to sesame, 2 isolates to peanut and all isolates to green gram among F. solani 4 isolates. F. oxysporum density and infected plant of wilting disease were increased as a result of replanted cultivation of sesame, and yield of that was prominantly reduced. Relation between density of F. oxysporum in cultural soil and infected plant percentage showed positive correlation and yield index highly negative. There was little difference between sesame-upland rice and sesame-peanut in the system of crop rotation.

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Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery with Radial Artery -Early Results (요골동맥을 이용한 관상동맥우회술 -조기성적)

  • 나찬영;이영탁;박국양;이해영;김욱성;박?현;홍민수;심재천;권오춘
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.275-281
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    • 1997
  • The radial artery as a graft for myocardial revascularization was introduced by Carpentier in the early 1970s. Mid-term results were unfortunately discoura ing, and the clinical experience with this graft was interrupted. At the end of the 1980s, these authors reproposed the same arterial conduit with more satisfying results, because of improved technique and pharmacological management of the graft. Between October 1994 and July 1995, 36 patients underwent myocardial revascularization with a radial artery graft in Seiong General Hospital. Left internal mammary artery was concomitantly used as a pedicled Vift in 34 patients. Fifteen patients (42%) had a complete arterial waft revascularization. A total of 12) distal anastomoses were performed (average 3.4 per patient), including 36 left internal mammary artery wafts (two sequential in 2 patients), and 23 saphenous vein grafts. The remaining 64 distal anastomoses were perFormed with radial artery grafts (mean 1.8 per patient). The radial arteries were anastomosed to the circumflex (n=38), diagonal (n= 18), right coronary(n=G), and left anterior descending coronary artery(n=2). The percent ge of radial artery graft anastomoses (64) to the total anastomoses(123) was 52%. The radial artery was used as a single graft in 10 patients, as a sequential graft in 25 patients, and two grafts in 1 patient. Twenty patients underwent associated procedures coronary endarterectomy (14), coronary artery patch angioplasty (4), mitral valve repair (1), and repair of ventricular septal rupture (1). One patient died of low cardiac output syndrome and the others had no perioperative myocardial infarction. There are no ischemic and functional complications in the arm or hand aftcr removal of the radial artery. Only 1 patient required reexploration of the am, for the hematoma evacuation, and 2 patients complained transient thumb dysesthesia of the side of the havested arm. This dysesthesia improved within one month. Postoperative angiovaphic controls were obtained in 11 patients(31%) postoperative 79 to 210 days (mean 126 days). The patency rate were as follows : left internal mammary artery (100%), saphcnous vein (100%), and radial artery(95%). We concluded that the radial artery is useful alternative graft, but long term clinical and angiographic studies are required to derterminc whether wider application is warranted.

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Effects of Heat Treatment of Three Animal by-products on Ruminal Degradation Characteristics and Intestinal Availability of Crude Protein (동물성 부산물 사료 세 종류에 대한 열처리가 조단백질의 반추위내 분해특성 및 하부장기내 이용성에 미치는 영향)

  • Moon, Y.H.;Lee, S.C.;Kim, B.K.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.105-112
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    • 2002
  • In order to investigate the effects of heat treatment of three animal by-products(feather meal, tallow meal, viscera meal) on in situ ruminal degradation characteristics and gastrointestinal availability of dietary crude protein(CP), three ruminally and duodenally cannulated dry Holstein cows were employed. Cows were fed a diet containing 60% concentrate and 40% orchard grass hay, and had free access to water and mineral block. Experimental feeds were processed for 4 hr at 149$^{\circ}C$ in a forced-air oven, and were passed through a 1-mm screen. Degradation kinetics of feed protein in the rumen were fitted to an exponential type model, and intestinal availability was estimated by the mobile nylon bag technique. Effective CP degradabilities in the rumen for feather meal, tallow meal and viscera meal were 30.2%, 75.0% and 56.4% at 5% passage rate per hour(k=0.05), respectively. In addition, heat treatment increased effective ruminal CP degradability on feather meal and viscera meal treatments, whereas decreased in tallow meal treatment(P$<$0.05). Gastrointestinal CP disappearances of feather meal, tallow meal and viscera meal were 56.2%, 18.6%, and 37.9%, respectively. In addition, heat treatment decreased the gastrointestinal CP disappearance on feather meal and viscera meal treatment, but increased in tallow meal treatment(P$<$0.05). Intestinal availability of rumen undegradable protein(A-UDP) was 80.4% for feather meal, 83.8% for tallow meal and 86.9% for viscera meal. In addition, heat treatment increased A-UDP on feather meal and tallow meal treatment, 94.0% and 91.3%, respectively, but decreased on viscera meal treatment, 76.5%(P$<$0.05).

Antioxidative Effect and Component Analysis of Eriobotrya japonica Leaf Extracts (비파엽 추출물의 항산화 효능과 성분분석)

  • Kim, Su-Ji;Park, Jin-O;Park, Soo-Nam
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.57-65
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    • 2012
  • In the present study, the antioxidative properties, inhibitory activity on tyrosinase, and active components of Eriobotrya japonica (E. japonica) leaf extract were investigated. The free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$) of extract/fraction of E. japonica leaf was in the order 50 % ethanol extract ($22.625{\mu}g/mL$) < ethyl acetate fraction (6.75) < deglycosylated aglycone fraction (5.06). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of fraction/extracton ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescenceassay were investigated. $OSC_{50}$ of the ethyl acetate fraction, deglycosylated aglycone fraction, and ethanol extract were 0.75, 0.79, and $1.61{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The cellular protective effects of E. japonica leaf extract on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The protective effects of extract/fraction of E. japonica leaf were increased in a in a concentration dependent manner ($5{\sim}50{\mu}g/mL$). Especially, ${\tau}50$ of ethyl acetate fraction at concentrations of $10{\mu}g/mL$ and $50{\mu}g/mL$ showed the most protective effects at 390.8 min and 1471.5 min. The inhibitory effect ($IC_50$) on tyrosinase of E. japonica leaf extracts was higher than arbutin, known as a skin-whitening agent. The order of inhibitory effects was acetate fraction ($75.25{\mu}g/mL$) < 50 % extract (74.1) < deglycosylated aglycone fraction (43.35). TLC of the ethyl acetate fraction showed 7 bands (EJL 1 - EJL 7). HPLC of the aglycone fraction exhibited 2 peaks, kaempferol and quercetin. The amounts of kaempferol and quercetin were 53.7 and 46.3 %. respectively. Therefore, The amounts of kaempferol and its glucoside were a little bit higher than quercetin and its glucoside in E. japonica leaf extract. Accordingly, these findings suggest that extracts/fractions of E. japonica leaf can function as antioxidants in biological systems, especially skin exposed to UV radiation, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. Thus, the extract/fraction of E. japonica leaf may be used in novel functional cosmetics as antioxidants against skin photoaging.

A Study on Designation Potential as Ramsar Site and Management Method of Massive Scale of Wetland - A Case of Jang Hang Estuary Wetland, Han River, Korea - (대규모 습지의 Ramsar Site 지정 가능성 검토 및 관리방안 연구 - 한강하류 장항습지를 대상으로 -)

  • Yeum, Jung-Hun;Han, Bong-Ho;Lee, Kyong-Jae
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.249-257
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this paper is to weigh the possibility of endangered Jang-hang wetland at the estuary of Han River to be included on the Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance and come up with ways to manage the wetland depending on its biotope patterns. The target area is located between Gimpo bridge and Isanpo I.C. with about $2.7km^2$ area. Through the analysis of RIS(Information Sheet for Ramsar Wetlands), it was known that the wetland is located on the sedimentary topography and formed as a result of sediment at the estuary of the river owing to the concentration of rainfall during summer. The vegetation environment in the area is divided into brackish water and fresh water areas depending on salinity. Rhizosphere soil(RS) of the area was analyzed to be Silt loam while bottom RS to be Sand loam. The plant ecology was composed of 52 families 135 species and 11 varieties and 146 types. Among indigenous species found are Salix koreensis, Phragmites communis and Miscanthus sacchariflorus. The analyzed results of the actual vegetation showed that willow community accounts for 37% of the area and rice field is 13.5%. As for animal ecology, total of 62 species and 25,977 individual wild birds were observed. After comparing and analyzing the RIS we compiled with the Ramsar Site designation standards, it turns out that the Jang-hang wetland meets criteria 1(biographic region), criteria 2,3 and 4(species and ecological communities) and criteria 5 and 6(water birds). Thus, Jang-hang wetland is eligible for the Ramsar site. As a result of establishing and evaluating the biotope types for setting management areas, Jang-hang wetland has a total of 13 different types, and the grade I represents 75.4% of the area while the grade III 0.8% of the land status. We categorized four management zones for the wetland depending on the biotope patterns - preservation, restoration, use and buffer zones and suggested management methods for each zone.

Study on the Physical Properties of the Gamma Beam-Irradiated Teflon-FEP and PET Film (Teflon-FEP 와 PET Film 의 감마선 조사에 따른 물리적 특성에 관한 연구)

  • 김성훈;김영진;이명자;전하정;이병용
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.11-21
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    • 1998
  • Circular metal electrodes were vacuum-deposited with chromium on the both sides of Teflon-FEP and PET film characteristic of electret and the physical properties of the two polymers were observed during an irradiation by gamma-ray from $\^$60/Co. With the onset of irradiation of output 25.0 cGy/min the induced current increased rapidly for 2 sec, reached a maximum, and subsequently decreased. A steady-state induced current was reached about in 60 second. The dielectric constant and conductivity of Teflon-FEP were changed from 2.15 to 18.0 and from l${\times}$l0$\^$-17/ to 1.57${\times}$10$\^$-13/ $\Omega$-$\^$-1/cm$\^$-1/, respectively. For PET the dielectric constant was changed from 3 to 18.3 and the conductivity from 10$\^$-17/ to 1.65${\times}$10$\^$-13/ $\Omega$-$\^$-1/cm$\^$-1/. The increase of the radiation-induced steady state current I$\^$c/, permittivity $\varepsilon$ and conductivity $\sigma$ with output(4.0 cGy/min, 8.5 cGy/min, 15.6 cGy/min, 19.3 cGy/min) was observed. A series of independent measurements were also performed to evaluate reproducibility and revealed less than 1% deviation in a day and 3% deviation in a long term. Charge and current showed the dependence on the interval between measurements, the smaller the interval was, the bigger the difference between initial reading and next reading was. At least in 20 minutes of next reading reached an initial value. It may indicate that the polymers were exhibiting an electret state for a while. These results can be explained by the internal polarization associated with the production of electron-hole pairs by secondary electrons, the change of conductivity and the equilibrium due to recombination etc. Heating to the sample made the reading value increase in a short time, it may be interpreted that the internal polarization was released due to heating and it contributed the number of charge carriers to increase when the samples was again irradiated. The linearity and reproducibility of the samples with the applied voltage and absorbed dose and a large amount of charge measured per unit volume compared with the other chambers give the feasibility of a radiation detector and make it possible to reduce the volume of a detector.

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Antioxidative and Cellular Protective Effects of Lysimachia christinae Hance Extract and Fractions (금전초 추출물 및 분획물의 항산화 활성 및 세포 보호 효과)

  • Kim, A Rang;Jung, Min Chul;Jeong, Hye In;Song, Dong Gi;Seo, Young Bin;Jeon, Young Hee;Park, So Hyun;Shin, Hyuk Soo;Lee, Sang Lae;Park, Soo Nam
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.176-184
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    • 2018
  • In the present study, we investigated the antioxidative properties, cellular protective effects and component analyses of 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction obtained from Lysimachia christinae Hance (L. christinae Hance). In the evaluation of antioxidative properties, the free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction were 146.8, 22.2 and $27.2{\mu}g/mL$, respectively and total antioxidant capacities ($OSC_{50}$) were 29.3, 2.9 and $4.5{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest free radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity. Also, the cellular protective effects (${\tau}_{50}$) of 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction on $^1O_2$ induced photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were 26.9, 57.5 and 103.9 min at $5{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In particular, ${\tau}_{50}$ of the aglycone fraction exhibited a higher cellular protective effect than that of (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol (37.7 min). The cell viability of the ethyl acetate fraction on the UVB-induced cell damage increased up to 90.1%. In addition, the ethyl acetate fraction ($5-25{\mu}g/mL$) showed cellular protective effects on the $H_2O_2-induced$ cell damages in a dose-dependent manner. TLC, HPLC, UV-vis spectroscopy and LC-MS were used to analyse components of the ethyl acetate fraction and the main components were quercetin, kaempferol and their glycosides. In conclusion, L. christinae Hance extract/fraction can function as antioxidants to protect the skin exposed to UV radiation and may also be used as a novel functional cosmetic material, for example, an antioxidant against skin photoaging.

Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cellular Protective Effects of Houttuynia cordata Extract and Fraction (어성초 추출물 및 분획물의 항균, 항산화 및 세포보호활성)

  • Yun, Mid Eum;Lee, Ye Seul;Lee, Yun Ju;Park, Young Min;Park, Soo Nam
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.452-460
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    • 2018
  • This study was conducted to investigate the physiological activities of Houttuynia cordata extracts and fractions. H. cordata extracts were extracted with 50% ethanol and the ethyl acetate fractions were obtained from the extracts. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the ethyl acetate fraction for S. aureus and B. subtilis were $78{\mu}g/mL$ and $312{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, indicating the high activity against gram-positive bacteria. The free radical scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$) for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was higher in the ethyl acetate fraction with $12.00{\mu}g/mL$ compared to that of $27.15{\mu}g/mL$ for 50% ethanol extract. The total antioxidant activity ($OSC_{50}$) values for reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system by a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence method were 2.91 and $0.983{\mu}g/ml$ for the 50% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction, respectively. To investigate cellular protective effects on the HaCaT cell, the intracellular ROS scavenging activity was measured after UVB irradiation and the ethyl acetate fraction of H. cordata showed the activity in a concentration-dependent from $1.6{\mu}g/mL$ and a reduction rate of 54.3% at a maximum concentration of $12.5{\mu}g/mL$. Also, HaCaT cell protective effect against $H_2O_2$-mediated decreased the cell viability of the ethyl acetate fraction of H. cordata which significantly increased the cell viability from $0.8{\mu}g/mL$ and the maximum cell viability showed 86.9%. The ethyl acetate fraction of the H. cordata extracts was analyzed by TLC and HPLC. As a result, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, rutin and afzelin were identified. From the above results, it was suggested that the extracts and fractions of H. cordata have a potential to be applied in the field of cosmetics as a natural antioxidant/preservative capable of protecting the cell membrane from the oxidative stress by eliminating ROS and exhibiting the antimicrobial effect.

A Study on Library Policies and Systems of South and North Korea for the National Unification (통일을 대비한 남북한 도서관 정책과 제도에 관한 연구)

  • Han Sang-Wan;Kim Tae-Soo;Chun Hyun-Choon;Lee Sung-Chae
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.89-123
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    • 1996
  • The world has moved from the Cold War between the east and the west and moved toward the age without idealogy. It places emphasis on economic benefit and welfare of its own nation as its main point With this world trend, in order to sam the competitiveness and the reconciliation of the divided nation the north and the south Korea should be united. Once the north and the south are united, information society will be altered with the huge flow of the civilization. At the same time, the issue of how to operate library policies and system, in which effective acquisition, manipulation, accumulation, and dissemination of information un would be very important. From this point of view, the following conclusions are obtained in this study. Firstly, when building a national library preparing for the national unification. it is essential to introduce 1) the concept of policy and system for information society and 2) that of policy and system which has national-culture as its focus. Secondly, it is essential to prepare the cooperative-structure between libraries prior to the national unification. This kind of cooperation should gradually expand to an extent that allows actual benefits such as building union catalog, inter-library loan system, resource sharing, standardized cataloging rules, and exchange of dissertation... etc. Thirdly, developing the library policies and systems for the national unification must be based on the concept of the mutual cooperation as inter-dependent model rather than on the concept of the incorporation-absorption as a dominant model. The next point the principles of the followings in preparing the library policies should be considered: 1) free-competition, 2) revolution of consciousness through the social education, 3) independence and love for humanity, 4) scientific or reasonable thinking, 5) job responsibility, 6) democratic citizenship, 7) mind far collective life, 8) spirit of public interest 9) globalization In addition, the model of the library systems preparing for thenational unification should include the followings : 1) uniformity of library system and its authority, 2) establishment of research institutes for library policy and system, 3) exchange of library establishment and information resources, 4) building library networks, 5) establishment of education systems for the library and information science and enhancement of its quality, 6) modernizing and developing information technology and its transfer. Finally, the libraries in the north and the south has different concepts, goals, information resources, and the different ways of using them. Considering the practical aspects of the libraries and the reasons for their existence, they must structure the mutual cooperative system so as to minimize the shock when confronting the social changes, so-called the national unification.

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