• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.246-253
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidative acitivities of various solvent extracts from haw (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge) pulpy. The Freeze-dried pulpy of haw was extracted with five solvents (70% methanol, 70% ethanol, chloroform:methanol (CM, 2:1, v/v), n-butanol, and ethyl acetate or EA), and the DPPH, reducing power, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ABTS, NO, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity were then measured. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the 70% methanol and 70% ethanol extracts were 92.89% and 91.17% in the 0.8 mg/mL concentrations, respectively, which were higher than those of the other extracts. The reducing power and FRAP decreased in the following order: 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, n-butanol, EA, and CM extracts. The ABTS radical scavenging activity was high in the 70% methanol and 70% ethanol extracts and low in the n-butanol extract. The NO radical scavenging activity was high in the 70% methanol and 70% ethanol extracts but low in the CM extracts. On the other hand, the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was high in the n-butanol and 70% methanol extracts but low in the EA extract. These results suggest that the 70% methanol and 70% ethanol extracts from haw will be useful as natural antioxidant and biohealth foods.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.170-176
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• 2013

In this study, we selected some material to have potential bioactivity from natural plants, confirmed as basic data for industrializing and tried to develope the food materials using them. DPPH, ABTS, antioxidant protection factor, TBARs and antimicrobial activity of extracts from Rosa multiflora Thunberg fruits were determined. The total phenolics extracted from Rosa multiflora were 12.08, 11.82, 11.1 and 12.6 mg/g when using water, 70% ethanol, 70% methanol and 70% acetone as the solvent, respectively. The optimum conditions for extracting the phenolic compounds were 70% ethanol over for 12 hrs(11.82 mg/g). The electron donating ability and inhibition rate on ABTS of the 70% ethanol extracts were 97% and 92.2%, respectively while the antioxidant protection factor(PF) of the water extracts and 70% ethanol extracts were 1.79 and 1.34 PF, respectively. The TBAR (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) value were $1.3{\mu}M$ for the control and $0.15{\mu}M$ for the 70% ethanol extracts. The inhibitory activity against ${\alpha}$-amylase was 26% for the 70% ethanol extracts. The 70% ethanol extracts from Rosa multiflora Thunberg fruits exhibited antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, S. epidermidis, S. aureusand and E. coli with clear zone diameters of 14, 25, 14 and 13 mm, respectively when using $200{\mu}g/mL$ of the phenolic compounds. An HPLC analysis identified 6 major phenolic metabolites in the Rosa multiflora Thunberg fruits extracts: rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, courmaric acid, protocatechuic acid and quercetin. In particular, the content of rosmarinic acid was the highest in the 70% ethanol extracts. Therefore these results indicate that 70% ethanol extracts from Rosa multiflora Thunberg fruits can be useful as a natural antioxidant and in functional foods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.200.2-201
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 생약재를 사용하여 부패에 관여하는 5종의 곰팡이(Aspergillus niger, Mucor miehei, Penicillium rugullosum, Aspergillus oryzae, Trichoderma reesei)에 대한 항 곰팡이 활성을 탐색하였다. 생약재의 물 추출물과 70% ethanol 추출물을 사용하여 5종의 곰팡이에 대한 항 곰팡이 활성을 측정한 결과, 물 추출물의 경우 갈근 추출물과 황련추출물에서 항 곰팡이 활성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 갈근 물 추출물은 A. niger, M. miehei, P. rugullosum의 3가지 균종에 대해서 모두 높은 항 곰팡이 활성을 나타냈으며, 황련 물 추출물은 M. miehei의 균종에 대해서 높은 항 곰팡이 활성을 나타내었다. 70% ethanol 추출물의 항 곰팡이 실험 결과, 물 추출물보다 좋은 항 곰팡이 활성을 나타내었다. 특히, 계피의 70% ethanol 추출물에서는 A. niger, M. miehei, P. rugullosum, A. oryzae, T reesei의 5가지 균종에서 모두 우수한 항 곰팡이 활성을 나타냈으며, 이 외에도 감초의 70% ethanol 추출물에서는 A. niger균주에 대해, 육두구와 호장근 및 황련의 70% ethanol 추출물에서는 M miehei 균주에 대해 우수한 항 곰팡이 활성을 나타냈으며, 또한 초두구의 70% ethanol추출물에서는 T reesei 균주에 대해 좋은 항 곰팡이 활성을 나타내었다. 항 곰팡이 효능이 우수한 생약재를 선별하고 이들 생약재로부터 추출한 다양한 획분을 사용하여 농도별로 항 곰팡이 활성을 조사한 결과, 갈근의 물 추출물의 경우에는 4가지 균종에서 모두 높은 항균활성을 나타냈으며, 낮은 농도에서도 높은 항 곰팡이 활성을 나타내었다. 이 외에도 황련의 물 추출물은 M. miehei 균주에서 우수한 항 곰팡이 활성을 나타내었다. 생약재의 70% Ethanol추출물을 농도별로 제조하여 항 곰팡이 활성을 살펴 본 결과, 70% ethanol추출물에서는 계피와 파고지, 초두구, 황련이 항 곰팡이 활성이 우수하였으며, 특히 계피의 70% ethanol 추출물에서는 5가지 균종에서 모두 우수한 항 곰팡이 활성이 나타났다.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.392-399
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• 2014

Haw(Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge) belongs to the rose family and has beneficial health effects such as anti-obesity and gastroprotective activities. This study compared the antioxidative activities of various solvent extracts from haw. After removing seeds, pulpy was extracted with 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, chloroform :methanol(CM, 2:1, v/v), n-butanol, and ethyl acetate(EA). Total phenol contents were 71.46, 70.41, 47.63, 47.49 and 45.95 mg/g in the 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, CM, n-butanol and EA extracts, respectively. Total flavonoid contents of CM and n-butanol extracts were higher compared to other extracts at 1.63 mg/g and 1.59 mg/g, respectively, whereas EA extract had the lowest flavonoid content at 1.12 mg/g. Corresponding to total phenol contents, among $NO_2$ radical scavenging activity, antioxidant activity by ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching assay, and superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like ability, 70% methanol and 70% ethanol extracts showed higher antioxidative activities than the other extracts. However, the lowest activities were n-butanol extract in $NO_2$ radical scavenging activity as well as EA extract in antioxidant activity by ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching assay and SOD-like ability. These results suggest that haw extracts are available as a new natural antioxidant, and its activities are attributed to antioxidant substances such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.181-186
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• 2021

Antioxidant properties and antioxidant activities were analyzed for water extracts and 50% and 70% ethanol extracts of the leaf of Angelica gigas Nakai. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents in water, 50%, and 70% ethanol extract of the leaf of Angelica gigas Nakai, it was found that the polyphenol contents were 18.75 mg GAE/g, 28.95 mg GAE/g, and 34.73 mg GAE/g, respectively, and flavonoid contents were respectively. The DPPH IC50 scavenging activity was 45.84 mg/mL, 36.44 mg/mL, 19.11 mg/mL, respectively, and theABTS+ radical scavenging ability (1 mg/mL) was 28.73%, 22.79%, and 12.70%, respectively. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity, 70% ethanol extract, 50% ethanol extract, and water extract 33.14%, and 4.53%, respectively. Nitrite scavenging activity, 70% ethanol extract, 50% ethanol extract, and water extract were in the order of 1 mg/mL scavenging activity, 36.43%, 34.80%, and 18.85%, respectively.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.264-269
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• 2006

Basic rheological data of dandelion leaf concentrates were determined to predict processing aptitude and usefulness of dandelion leaf concentrates as functional food materials. Hot water and 70% ethanol extracts of dandelion leaves were concentrated at 5, 20, and 50 Brix, and their static and dynamic viscosities, and Arrhenius plots were investigated. Most concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol showed flow behaviors close to Newtonian fluid based on power law model evaluation. Apparent viscosity of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol decreased with increasing temperature. Yield stresses of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol by Herschel-Bulkley model application were 0.020-0.641 and 0.017-0.079 Pa, respectively. Activation energies of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol were $2.102-32.669{\times}10^3$ and $1.657-5.382{\times}10^3\;J/mol{\cdot}kg$ with increasing concentration, respectively. Loss modulus (G") predominated over storage modulus (G') at all applied frequencies, showing typical flow behavior of low molecular solution. G' and G" of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water slowly increased with increasing frequency compared to those of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with 70% ethanol.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.909-918
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• 2012

The phenolic compounds which were extracted with 70% ethanol from Ulmus pumila for 12 hr were the highest as $17.9{\pm}1.0\;mg/g$. DPPH scavenging activity of 70% ethanol extracts was also the highest as $89.5{\pm}1.9%$ and it was confirmed to be high as 80% over in both of water and 70% ethanol extracts containing $50{\mu}g/mL$ over phenolic concentration. ABTS radical cation decolorization activities of water and 70% ethanol extracts were higher as $96.8{\pm}2.9%$, antioxidant protection factor (PF) was 2.0 PF in 70% ethanol and showed higher activities in both of water and 70% ethanol extracts containing $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic concentration as 2.5 PF than BHA. TBARs of 70% ethanol extracts was $86.5{\pm}4.6%$, it showed high anti-oxidative activity in $50{\sim}200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic concentrations of water and 70% ethanol extracts as 80% over. The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of Ulmus pumila extracts against hypertension was 77.4% and 90.6% in water and 70% ethanol extracts of $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic concentration. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of Ulmus pumila extracts for anti-gout effect was not observed in water extracts, but it showed 30% inhibitory activity in 70% ethanol extracts, and 48.1% at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics concentration.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.386-392
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• 2014

Haw (Crataegus pinnatifida $B_{UNGE}$) is a medicinal plant commonly used in Korea due to its beneficial health effects. This study was performed to investigate the antioxidative activity of bioactive components from haw seed. Freeze-dried seed was processed with various solvents such as 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, a mixture of chloroform and methanol (2:1, v / v), n-butanol and ethyl acetate (EA). DPPH, reducing power, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and ABTS radical scavenging activity decreased in this order: 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, EA, CM, n-butanol extracts. NO radical scavenging activity was high in the n-butanol extract (36.73% in 0.8 mg/ml concentration) and low in the 70% ethanol extract (24.96% in 0.8 mg/ml concentration). $OH^-$ radical scavenging activity of n-butanol extract (40.42% in 0.8 mg/ml concentration) was higher than the other extracts, but EA extract was the lowest (13.39%) at the same concentration. The results show that each extract contained various antioxidative substances and it seemed that different influence at each antioxidative activity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2017

This study was performed to determine the ethanol ratios (30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%) of extraction solvent of Seomaeyakssuk (Artemisia Argyi H.) prepared using different methods (drying at room temperature [D], aging at $60^{\circ}C$ for 7 days after drying [AD], and roasting for 30 min at $160^{\circ}C$ after drying [RD]). The extract yield of the D extracts was lower than that of the AD and RD extracts, but the ethanol concentration of extract solvent did not affect. The L, a, and b values of the D extracts were highest, whereas those of the AD extracts were lowest. No clear trend was observed in the ethanol ratios. The soluble solids, total phenol, total flavonoid, jaceosidin, and eupatilin contents of each extract varied significantly, with RD > AD > D. The soluble solids significantly increased by ethanol ratio of extraction solvent, but other phytochemicals contents of 50% and 70% ethanol extracts were higher than others without affecting the processing methods. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was highest (77.71%) in the 70% ethanol extract obtained from RD. 2,2-azinbis-(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulphonate(ABTS) radical scavenging activity was significantly higher in 30-70% ethanol extract than 90% ethanol extract from RD. The results suggest that the contents of active ingredients and radical scavenging activity of ethanol extracts from Seomaeyakssuk were highest in the RD extract using 50-70% ethanol.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5091-5096
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• 2013

Houttuynia cordata Thunb is a famous traditional Chinese medicine. Also it has rich in functional and bioactive substances with outstanding immunopotentiation, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, and anti-aging effects. This study was evaluated water and 70% ethanol extracts of Houttuynia cordata Thunb using in vitro system antioxidant properties methods. The scavenging DPPH and ABTS radicals of 2 mg/mL 70% ethanol extract were 91.8 and 54.8%, respectively. Also, The FRAP assay of this showed increase in activity. In results, the antioxidant properties of 70% ethanol extract increased significantly compared to water extract(p < 0.05). Therefore, 70% ethanol extract of Houttuynia cordata Thunb may contribute to antioxidant property.