• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.342-345
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• 1991

Synthesis of series of 3-benzalphthalidyl-amino acids and their corresponding methyl esters, dipeptides and tripeptide methyl esters 2a-7c is decribed. All 3-benzalphthalidynamino acids 2a-g were found to possess a remarkable antimicrobial properties against a number of microorganisms and fungi.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.340-346
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• 2002

The purpose of the present study was to examine the efficacy and mechanism of the PAB (para-amino benzamidine) affinity column chromatography, Viresolve NFP virus filtration, pasteurization (60$\^{C}$ heat treatment for 10 h), and lyophilization steps employed in the manufacture of urokinase from human urine as regards the removal and/or inactivation of the hepatitis A virus (HAV). Samples from the relevant stages of the production process were spiked with HAV and subjected to scale-down processes mimicking the manufacture of urokinase Samples were collected at each step, immediately titrated using a 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID$\_$50/), and the virus reduction factors evaluated. PAB chromatography was found to be an effective step for removing HAV with a log reduction factor of 3.24. HAV infectivity was rarely detected in the urokinase fraction, while most of the HAV infectivity was recovered in the unbound and wash fractions. HAV was completely removed during the Viresolve NFP filtration with a log reduction factor of $\geq$ 4.60. Pasteurization was also found to be an effective step in inactivating HAV where the titers were reduced from an initial titer of 7.18 log$\_$10/ TCID$\_$50/ to undetectable levels within 10 h of treatment. The log reduction factor achieved during pasteurization was $\geq$ 4.76. Lyophilization revealed the lowest efficacy for inactivating HAV with a log reduction factor of 1.48. The cumulative log reduction factor was $\geq$ 14.08. Accordingly, these results indicate that the production process for urokinase exhibited a sufficient HAV reducing capacity to achieve a high margin of virus safety.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.465-470
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• 2015

Chrysin is a 5,7-dihydroxyflavone and was recently shown to potently inhibit enterovirus 71 (EV71) by suppressing viral 3C protease ($3C^{pro}$ activity. In the current study, we investigated whether chrysin also shows antiviral activity against coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), which belongs to the same genus (Enterovirus) as EV71, and assessed its ability to prevent the resulting acute pancreatitis and myocarditis. We found that chrysin showed antiviral activity against CVB3 at $10{\mu}M$, but exhibited mild cellular cytotoxicity at $50{\mu}M$, prompting us to synthesize derivatives of chrysin to increase the antiviral activity and reduce its cytotoxicity. Among four 4-substituted benzyl derivatives derived from C(5) benzyl-protected derivatives 7, 9-11 had significant antiviral activity and showed the most potent activity against CVB3 with low cytotoxicity in Vero cells. Intraperitoneal injection of CVB3 in BALB/c mice with $1{\times}10^6TCID_{50}$ (50% tissue culture infective dose) of CVB3 induced acute pancreatitis with ablation of acinar cells and increased serum CXCL1 levels, whereas the daily administration of 9 for 5 days significantly alleviated the pancreatic inflammation and reduced the elevation in serum CXCL1 levels. Collectively, we assessed the anti-CVB3 activities of chrysin and its derivatives, and found that among 4-substituted benzyl derivatives, 9 exhibited the highest activity against CVB3 in vivo, and protected mice from CVB3-induced pancreatic damage, simultaneously lowering serum CXCL1 levels.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1787-1794
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• 2008

Coenzyme $Q_{10}$ and six derivatives of coenzyme $Q_n$ were synthesized and tested for their antioxidative effects occurred in proximal tubular epithelial cell (LLC-PK1 cell) and cytotoxicities using in NIH/3T3 cell. As the result, synthetic coenzyme $Q_n$ derivatives showed a potent antioxidative effect compared to coenzyme $Q_{10}$. Among these synthetic compounds, coenzyme $Q_3$-C at ranged 0.04 to 0.4 mmol showed the $107.7{\sim}135.9%$ of cell viability in LLC-PK1 cell. In the test of NIH/3T3, all synthesized coenzyme $Q_n$ derivatives showed the similar effect compared with coenzyme $Q_{10}$. A correlation between isoprene unit number of coenzyme $Q_n$ derivatives and its biological effects, we suggest reduction of isoprene unit number of $Q_n$ derivatives may be related to the increase of antioxidants effects and the reduction of cytotoxicities.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.509-511
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• 2019

Hydrazine derivatives used in fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics can be synthesized by reduction reaction from diazonium derivatives. The reduction method using $SnCl_2$ facilitates the reaction conversion, but the use of $SnCl_2$ is limited when residual heavy metals are issued in the final product. For the conversion of protected (2-hydroxyphenyl)diazonium derivatives into its hydrazine derivatives in Ramalin preparation process, the reduction method was developed by using $NaHSO_3$. In this study, the effect of steric hindrance according to the protected 2-hydroxygroupinphenyldiazonium derivatives was found, and linear C1~C5 alkyl groups for the hydroxy protection were preferable during the diazonium reduction reaction. Considering the economical efficiency and industrial production for the preparation of Ramalin, a variety of protecting groups were investigated. As a result, 2-(allyloxyphenyl)hydrazine was obtained with 85% yield and 99.7% purity when the hydroxy protecting group was used as an allyl group that could be easily deprotected.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.465-468
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• 1992

Urinary purine derivatives and creatinine excretion was measured in a total of 4 white Alpine sheep. They were given diets 718 to 1060 g/kg dry matter (DM) of roughage. The crude protein content of this diets was on average $93.87{\pm}5.57g$ in kg DM. Purine derivatives-N excretion increased linearly with incremental DM intake and was significantly correlated (n = 16) with amounts of digestible organic matter (DOM) intake: allantoin-N (mg) = 1.205 (${\pm}0.070$) $\times$ DOM (g) - 136.709 (${\pm}37.399$), r = 0.9770, RSD = 22.97; uricacid-N (mg) = 0.131 (${\pm}0.041$) $\times$ DOM (g) + 11.380 (${\pm}21.881$), r = 0.6306, RSD = 13.44; Hypoxanthine-N (mg) = 0.049 (${\pm}0.014$) $\times$ DOM (g) - 28.640 (${\pm}7.708$), r = 0.6544, RSD = 4.73; total purine derivatives-N (mg) = 1.385 (${\pm}0.083$) $\times$ DOM (g) - 90.261 (${\pm}44.552$), r = 0.9706, RSD = 27.47. Microbial protein synthesis per kg DOM was estimated of 113 g. The urinary creatinine-N excretion was on average 9.10 mg/kg live weight (LW) with a standard error of 0.12 mg creatinine-N per kg LW. The excretion of creatinine excreton was not related to feed intake. Daily creatinine excretion (mg/d) was calculated from individual LW measurements and the average creatinine excretion (mg/kg LW). It was possible to predict the daily urinary purine derivatives excretion (r = 0.9720 for allantoin, r = 0.9886 for total purine derivatives) from the ratio of purine derivatives (mg/100 ml) and creatinine (mg/100 ml) in the urine and the daily creatinine excretion.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.216-219
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• 2005

Wogonin (5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone) has been reported to exhibit a variety of biological properties including anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective functions. In this study, biological activities of diverse synthetic wogonin derivatives have been evaluated in two experimental cell culture models. Inhibitory activities of wogonin derivatives on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in BV2 microglial cells and on hydrogen peroxide ($H_{2}O_2$)-induced neuronal cell death in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma were examined. Wogonin derivatives such as WS2 and WS3 showed more potent suppressive activities on LPS-induced NO production and $H_{2}O_2$-induced cytotoxicity than wogonin itself. In addition, thiol substitution played a minor role in enhancing the activities of the derivatives. These findings may contribute to the development of novel anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents derived from wogonin.

• Current Applied Physics
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1507-1512
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• 2018

The development of an organic-based aqueous redox flow battery (RFB) using quinone as an electroactive material has attracted great attention recently. This is because this battery is inexpensive, produces high energy density, and is environment friendly in stationary electrical energy storage applications. Herein, we investigate the redox potentials and solubilities of indole-5,6-quinone and indole-4,7-quinone derivatives in terms of the substituent effects of functional groups using theoretical calculations. Our results indicate that full-site substituted derivatives of indolequinone are more useful as active materials compared to single-site substituted derivatives. In particular, our calculations reveal that the substitution of $-PO_3H_2$ and $-SO_3H$ functional groups with multiple polar bonds is very effective in increasing the activity of the aqueous RFB. As a strategy to overcome the limitation that the aqueous solubility is intrinsically low because they are organic molecules, we suggest the substitution of functional groups with multiple polar bonds to the backbones of active organic materials. Among 180 indolequinone derivatives, 17 candidates that meet the redox potential standards ($${\leq_-}0.2V$$ or $${\geq_-}0.9V$$) and eight candidates with solubility exceeding 2 mol/L are identified. Three indolequinone derivatives that satisfy both conditions are finally presented as promising electroactive candidates for an aqueous RFB.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.348-351
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• 1986

New synthetic method for methyl-7-iodoheptanoate was studied. Methyl-7-iodoheptanoate is important compound in the synthesis codlemone, the sex pheromone of codling moth which doing harm to apple tree significantly, and this compound also be used essentially in the synthesis of prostaglandin derivatives. In previous the methyl-7-iodoheptanoate has been prepared from-7-chloroheptanoic acid as a starting material with disadvantage, since the 7-chloroheptanoic acid is expensive and the process is much complicate. In this paper the method to preparing methyl-7-iodoheptanoate was developed economically by using dihydropyran as a starting material in the course of 5 steps. Hence, methyl-7-iodoheptanoate which can be synthesized by new method studied onthis paper should be very useful compound for preparing codlemone or its acetate which will be used to developing pollution-free insecticides, and for preparing prostaglandin derivatives with advantage.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.2242-2246
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• 2010

New 3,7-diphenylthieno[3,2-e]bis[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a:4',3'-c]pyrimidine derivatives were easily synthesized at room temperature in good yield by the oxidative cyclization of thienopyrimidinyl hydrazones with alumina-supported calcium hypochlorite ($Ca(OCl)_2/Al_2O_3$).