• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2016

Phytochemical investigation of the stems of Pueraria lobata (Wild) Ohwi (Leguminosae), led to the isolation of eighteen known compounds: ${\beta}$-amyrone (1), (+)-pinoresinol (2), (+)-syringaresinol (3) $(+)-syringaresinol-O-{\beta}-{\small{D}}-glucoside$ (4), (+)-lariciresinol (5), (-)-tuberosin (6), naringenin (7), liquiritigenin (8), isoliquiritigenin (9) genistein (10), daidzein (11) daidzin (12) daidzein 4',7-diglucoside (13) 2,4,4'-trihydroxy deoxybenzoin (14), S-(+)-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-phenyl)propan-2-one (15), methyl $2-O-{\beta}-{\small{D}}-glucopyranosylbenzoate$ (16), pyromeconic acid $3-O-{\beta}-{\small{D}}-glucopyranoside$ 6'- (O-4''-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate) (17), and allantion (18). The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated from spectroscopic data and by comparison of those data with previously published results. The effects of isolated compounds on mushroom tyrosinase enzymatic activity were screened. The results indicated that, chloroform extract of P. lobata stems turned out to be having tyrosinase inhibitory effect, and only compounds 5, 8, 9, and 11 showed enzyme inhibitory activity, with $IC_{50}$ values of $21.49{\pm}4.44$, $25.24{\pm}6.79$, $4.85{\pm}2.29$, and $17.50{\pm}1.29{\mu}M$, respectively, in comparison with these of positive control, kojic acid ($IC_{50}\;12.28{\pm}2.72{\mu}M$). The results suggest that P. lobata stems extract as well as its chemical components may represent as potential candidates for tyrosinase inhibitors.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.269-273
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• 1990

Blood glucose and total lipid levels in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were determined after intraperitoneal administration of methanolic extract of Ixeris dentat whole plants and its main component, cynaroside (=luteolin 7-O--$\beta$-D-glucoside). From the data obtained, it was concluded that intraperitoneal administration of the methanolic extract produced a significant hypoglycemic effect. Total blood lipids were also decreased. Cynaroside in the streptozotocin-diabetic rats failed to exhibit hypoglycemic effect but a significant hypolipemic activity was observed. Thus, it is suggested that this methanolic extract may contain one or more hypoglycemic and hypolipemic principles including the main flavone glucoside, cynaroside, which can significantly reduce the levels triglyceride and total cholesterol in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.221-226
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• 2013

Phytochemical investigation of the 80% MeOH extract from the leaves of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum resulted in the isolation of seventeen compounds; two terpenes, three norsesquiterpenes, one furofuran lignan, and eleven phenolic derivatives. Their chemical structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods to be trans-phytol (1), phytene-1,2-diol (2), icariside B2 (3), (6S,9S)-roseoside (4), sedumoside G (5), pinoresinol-4-O-glucoside (6), 2-methoxy-2-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol (7), 2-hydroxy-2-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol (8), Benzyl ${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (9), methyl ferulate (10), trans-ferulic acid (11), methyl-p-hydroxycinnamate (12), glucosyl methyl ferulate (13), linocaffein (14), siringin (15), 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl-O-${\beta}$-Dglucopyranoside (16), and pseudolaroside C (17). All compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.647-657
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• 2016

In this study, the antioxidative effects and active component analysis of 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction obtained from Prunella vulgaris L. were investigated. The free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) was investigated at 50% ethanol extract ($15.25{\mu}g/mL$), ethyl acetate fraction ($8.68{\mu}g/mL$), and aglycone fraction ($8.25{\mu}g/mL$) respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay was investigated at 50% ethanol extract ($4.68{\mu}g/mL$), ethyl acetate fraction ($1.00{\mu}g/mL$), and aglycone fraction($1.02{\mu}g/mL$) respectively. In the cellular protective effect against $^1O_2$ induced cellular damage of human erythrocytes, extract/fractions of P. vulgaris L. were increased in a concentration dependent manner($1{\sim}25{\mu}g/mL$). Especially, ${\tau}_{50}$ of aglycone fraction at concentrations of $25{\mu}g/mL$ showed the most protective effects at 337.9 min. It's showed nine times higher (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol (${\tau}_{50}=38.7min$) as typical antioxidant in the $^1O_2$-induced photohemolysis of human erythrocytes. TLC and HPLC were used to analyse active components in the ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction of P. vulgaris L. In ethyl acetate fraction, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, quercetin 3-${\beta}$-D-glucoside, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside) were identified. In aglycone fraction, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, kaempferol were identified. These results indicated that extract/fraction of P. vulgaris L. is may be used in cosmetics industry as natural antioxidants by quenching and/or scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protecting cellular membranes.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.193-199
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• 1999

This study was conducted to establish the standard of quality evaluation in Korean cultivated peony root(Paeoniae Radix). The diameter of fresh root and the concentrations of paeoniflorin, abliflorin and five phenolic compounds at different root ages in Euisung cultivar were investigated. The diameters of fresh root were 5.5mm, 10.3mm, 15.6mm and 19.1mm in one-year, two-year, three-year and four-year-old, respectively. It was also found that the diameter of fresh root was uniformly increased with the increase of root age. The concentrations of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, (+) -catechin and benzoic acid in one-year-old peony root(6.44%, 1.55%, 0.80% and 0.36%, respectively) were higher than those in three-(3.49%, 0.62%, 0.43% and 0.26%) or four-year-old(3.28%, 0.47%, 0.34% and 0.20%). The concentrations of gallic acid, (-) -epicatechin and (+) -taxiforin $3-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$ were higher in three- (0.26%, 0.09% and 0.26%, respectively) or four-year-old (0.26%, 0.10% and 0.29%) than those in one-year-old (0.25 %, 0.08 % and 0.23 %) by contraries. Excepting (-) -epicatecin, the concentrations of paeoniflorin, albiflorin and four phenolic compounds in the root of unremoved cork layer were higher than those in the root of removed cork layer.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.192.2-192.2
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• 2003

Apigenin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside, chrysoeriol, and luteolin were isolated from the aqueous ethanolic extract of Zostera marina L. leaves as the scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the SC$\_$50/ values of 0.18 mM, 0.68 mM, and 0.18 mM against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 0.04 mM, 0.03 mM, and 0.01 mM against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. The luteolin suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) up to 44% at 4.0 ${\mu}$M. (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.236-241
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• 1997

Inhibitory effects of several edible plant extracts against 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A(HMG-CoA) reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, were screened. Inhibition rates of $10{\sim}15%$ were observed with hot water extracts of Allium fistulosum, Allium sativum and Cucurbita maxima. Methanol extracts of Aster scaber, Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale, Oenanthe javanica and Angelica keiskei effectively reduced the enzyme activity with inhibition rates of $29{\sim}51%$. The methanol extract of Angelica keiskei was fractionated sequentially with chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Of the fractions ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest inhibition against the enzyme. $Luteolin-7-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$ and hyperoside isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Angelica keiskei inhibited the enzyme activity by 65.5% and 14.8%, respectively, at the concentration of $30{\mu}M$.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2015

Eleven compounds, lupenone (1), lupeol (2), stigmasterol (3), β-sitosterol (4), 24-methylene-3,4-seco-cycloart-4(28)-en-3-oic acid (5), 24-methylene-3,4-seco-cycloart-4(28)-en-3-methyl ester (6), (+)-(1S,4R)-7-hydroxycalamenene (7), hibicuslide C (8), isopropyl-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (9), syringaresinol-4'-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (10), and rutin (11) were isolated from the aerial parts of Abutilon theophrasti. The chemical structures of compounds 1-11 were determined by the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic methods such as 1D and 2D NMR. These compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. In addition, compounds 6 and 9 were obtained for the first time as natural products not as synthetics.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.527-531
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• 2001

Two triterpenoids, 24-methylene-3,4-seco-cycloart-4(28)-en-3-oic acid (1) and 3-oxo-$9{\beta}$-lanosta-7,22Z,24-trien-26,23-olive (6) were isolated from Abies koreana, together with $\beta$-sitosterol (2), maltol (3), ${\beta}-sitosterol-O-{$\beta}-D-glucoside$ (4), and hexacosylferulate (5). The structures of the compounds were established based on the spectroscopic data. The cytotoxic activities of triterpenoids have been evaluated using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) method. Compound 1 showed moderate cytotoxicities against human lung carcinoma (A549), ovarian carcinoma (SK-OV-3), malignant melanoma (SK-MEL-2), and colon carcinoma (HCT-15) cell lines.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.300-304
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• 2004

Five caffeic acid derivatives; methyl ester of caffeoylglycolic acid (1), dimethyl ester of caffeoyltartaric acid (2), dimethyl ester of caffeoyltartronic acid (3), monomethyl ester of caffeoyltartronic acid (4), methyl ester of caffeic acid (5), and some other secondary metabolites including; quercetin, quercetin 3-O-$\beta$-D-glucuronide methyl ester, kaempferol, 3,5,7,4'-O-tetramethylkaempferol, $\beta$-sitosterol glucoside, 2$\alpha$-hydroxyursolic acid and 2,24-dihydroxyursolic acid, have been isolated and characterized. All the isolated compounds were characterized with the help of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Structure of compound 3 was also confirmed by a single X-ray crystallographic technique. Isolates were evaluated for anti-oxidant activities and most of the tested compounds were found to be potent in DPPH free radical scavenging ($IC_{50}{\;}={\;}4.56-14.17{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/mL$) and superoxide anion scavenging ($IC_{50}{\;}={\;}0.58-7.39{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/mL$) assays.