• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.517-524
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• 2011

Eleven polyphenolic compounds, including procatechuic and chlorogenic acids, (+)-dihydroquercetin, rutin, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, (+)-dihydrokaempferol, trans-resveratrol, moracin, quercetin and 4-prenylmoracin were isolated and purified from the methanolic extract of defatted mulberry seed residue by a series of column chromatography including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS-A, and their chemical structures were identified by spectral analysis. The antioxidant activities of the eleven isolated polyphenolic compounds were measured spectrophotometrically using DPPH radical. Among the eleven polyphenolic compounds tested, rutin ($IC_{50}=20.2\;{\mu}M$), isoquercitrin ($IC_{50}=22.5\;{\mu}M$), quercitrin ($IC_{50}=24.6\;{\mu}M$), quercetin ($IC_{50}=27.8\;{\mu}M$), (+)-dihydroquercetin ($IC_{50}=28.9\;{\mu}M$), and chlorogenic acid ($IC_{50}=30.6\;{\mu}M$) exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than L-ascorbic acid ($IC_{50}=31.5\;{\mu}M$) and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol ($IC_{50}=52.3\;{\mu}M$), whereas procatechuic acid ($IC_{50}=68.2\;{\mu}M$) showed lower activity. In addition, (+)-dihydrokaempferol ($IC_{50}=33.8\;{\mu}M$), trans-resveratrol ($IC_{50}=36.2\;{\mu}M$), moracin ($IC_{50}=47.6\;{\mu}M$), and 4-prenylmoracin ($IC_{50}=48.2\;{\mu}M$) exhibited moderate antioxidant activity. Furthermore, levels of the eleven polyphenolic compounds from three different types of mulberry seeds were quantified by HPLC, and their contents were as follows: rutin (311~60.0 mg/100 g)> quercitrin (7.2~34.2 mg/100 g)> (+)-dihydroquercetin (13.2~33.1 mg/100 g)> quercetin (15.8~19.5 mg/100 g)> 4-prenylmoracin (10.5~43.3 mg/100 g)> isoquercitrin (5.8~15.4 mg/100 g)> chlorogenic acid (0.0~15.3 mg/100 g)> moracin (4.7~7.2 mg/100 g)> procatechuic acid (0.0~11.6 mg/100 g)> (+)-dihydrokaempferol and trans-resveratrol (<0.1 mg/100 g). The 'Daesungppong' mulberry seeds among the three cultivars had higher flavonoid contents, such as rutin and quercetin derivatives, while the 'Iksuppong' seeds had the highest contents of phenolic acids and moracin derivatives. 'Cheongilppong' had lower amounts of polyphenolic compounds than the other two mulberry seeds. These results indicate that mulberry seeds containing antioxidant polyphenolic compounds may be potentially useful sources of anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-aging agents for functional foods and cosmetics.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 1983

The biochemical nature of the protein constituents of six year old fresh Panax ginseng root was studied. Total protein constituents were extracted with phosphate buffer of pH 7.4, ionic strength of 0.1 and fractionated by ultrafiltration using four different membranes which cut down the materials of molecular weight of 500, 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000, respectively. Each fraction was subjected to ion exchange chromatography using DEAE - cellulose to isolate component proteins. The protein fraction larger than molecular weight of 10,000 was refractionated by the method of ammonium sulfate precipitation. The electrophoresis of the refractionated protein constituents was performed. The amino acid composition of the protein constituents was determined by gas- liquid chromatography. From the results, it could be summarized that eleven different protein constituents smaller than molecular weight of 10,000 were isolated from the fresh Panax ginseng root. At least eleven different protein constituents larger than molecular weight of 10,000 were identified from the electrophoretic patterns. These protein costituents seem to be compounded of all or some of five different subunits.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.170-175
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• 1989

Eleven cases of pulmonary resection had been performed for pulmonary aspergilloma in the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University from August 1984 to July 1988. The patients were consisted of six males and five females and were evenly distributed from third decade to sixth decade. Hemoptysis was usually presenting symptom [72.2%] and the variable was the interval between symptom onset to surgical resection, which was ranged from few months to several years In the plane chest films, intracavitary fungus balls were noted in five cases [5/11] and upper lobe involvements were seven cases [7/11]. Aspergillus fumigatus was identified preoperatively in three cases among the eight cases of sputum culture. Mean preoperative FVC and FEV 1.0 values were in normal range. Eleven pulmonary resections were done by eight lobectomies, two segmentectomies and one pneumonectomy. The lesion was superimposed upon old tuberculosis in eight patients, in one upon bronchiectasis and in two upon tuberculous bronchiectasis. Five complications appeared postoperatively which included ARDS [1 case] bleeding [2 cases], persistent air leak[1 case], and dead space [1 case].

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.179-183
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• 2006

Purpose: To review the results of surgical treatment for superficial peroneal and sural nerve lesion unrelated to laceration. Materials and Methods: Eleven superficial peroneal and sural nerve lesions in eleven patients were surgically treated at our hospital with follow up of average 20.7 months (range, 9-64 months). The anatomical locations of the lesion were on superficial peroneal nerve in seven patients including two patients having ganglion and sural nerve in four patients. Two patients were male and the average age at surgery was 41.5 years (range, 23-57 years). Six cases developed after repetitive sprain and five cases had no trauma history. Clinical results were assessed according to the criteria of Pfeiffer and Cracchiolo. Results: The methods of operation were proximal resection of the nerve lesion in nine cases and removal of ganglion only in two cases. The results were excellent in four cases, good in five cases, fair in one case and poor in one case. Ten cases (10 patients) were satisfied with the result of treatment. Conclusion: We can expect satisfactory results of surgical treatment for superficial peroneal and sural nerve lesion unrelated to laceration.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.944-949
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• 2017

Objective: Investigated the effect and mechanism of ascorbic acid on the development of porcine embryos produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Methods: Porcine embryos were produced by SCNT and cultured in the presence or absence of ascorbic acid. Ten-eleven translocation 3 (TET3) in oocytes was knocked down by siRNA injection. After ascorbic acid treatment, reprogramming genes were analyzed by realtime reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, relative 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine content in pronucleus were detected by realtime PCR. Results: Ascorbic acid significantly increased the development of porcine embryos produced by SCNT. After SCNT, transcript levels of reprogramming genes, Pou5f1, Sox2, and Klf were significantly increased in blastocysts. Furthermore, ascorbic acid reduced 5-methylcytosine content in pronuclear embryos compared with the control group. Knock down of TET3 in porcine oocytes significantly prevents the demethylation of somatic cell nucleus after SCNT, even if in the presence of ascorbic acid. Conclusion: Ascorbic acid enhanced the development of porcine SCNT embryos via the increased TET3 mediated demethylation of somatic nucleus.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.276-284
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• 2002

Aromatherapy is becoming increasingly popular, however there are few clear indications for its use. To systematically review the clinical studies on aromatherapy, computcrized literature searches were performed from PubMed. Fourteen trials were located. The conclusions were as follows: 1. All the trials were published after 1993. 2. To analyze the publication journals, five of fourteen trials were on nursing, three of them on neuropsychiatry and one on dermatology. 3. Most widely used indications of aromatherapy were on general physical, psychological and physiological field. 4. On the procedure of aromatherapy, eight of them were by massage, three by inhalation, one by massage & inhalation and one by bath additive. 5. To analyze the publication type, all fourteen trials were clinical trials. Twelve of them were randomized controlled trials. Two of them were using single subject design. 6. To observe the sample size, five of them were under 10, four from 10 to 50, two from 50 to 100 and three above 100. 7. Eleven of fourteen trials were using inferential statistics. Eight of the eleven trials were significantly effective, but three had no statistical significance.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1739-1745
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• 2014

Prediction of fault-prone modules continues to attract researcher's interest due to its significant impact on software development cost. The most important goal of such techniques is to correctly identify the modules where faults are most likely to present in early phases of software development lifecycle. Various software metrics related to modules level fault data have been successfully used for prediction of fault-prone modules. Goal of this research is to predict the faulty modules at design phase using design metrics of modules and faults related to modules. We have analyzed the effect of pre-processing and different machine learning schemes on eleven projects from NASA Metrics Data Program which offers design metrics and its related faults. Using seven machine learning and four preprocessing techniques we confirmed that models built from design metrics are surprisingly good at fault proneness prediction. The result shows that we should choose Naïve Bayes or Voting feature intervals with discretization for different data sets as they outperformed out of 28 schemes. Naive Bayes and Voting feature intervals has performed AUC > 0.7 on average of eleven projects. Our proposed framework is effective and can predict an acceptable level of fault at design phases.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.277-283
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• 2021

Kudoa septempunctata has been reported as a new parasite in aquacultured olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, and also as a causative agent of food poisoning in humans. This paper investigated the infection of K. septempunctata in 216 sashimi and 20 sushi made of olive flounders in Busan, Korea. Among 236 samples, K. septempunctata was detected in eleven sashimi with 6-7 polar capsules by the microscopy. Among eleven sashimi, five sashimi were positive in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay with the targets of 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA. The genotype of all the five PCR results is identified as the genotype ST3 which is common in Korea. K. septempunctata was found in olive flounders sashimi from Samcheonpo and Wando outside of Jeju Island. These findings would contribute to establish the standard of K. septempunctata for preventing food-borne outbreaks in advance and providing further preventive management for the seafood safety.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.899-911
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• 2000

In this paper, we reviewed thirteen methods for finding confidence intervals for he mean of poisson distribution. Bootstrap confidence intervals are also introduced. Two bootstrap confidence intervals are compared with the other existing eleven confidence intervals by using Monte Carlo simulation with respect to the average coverage probability of Woodroofe and Jhun (1989).

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 1985

Mechanical energy consumption during human running was studied. The subject was modeled by an eleven segment planar open linkage system and analyzed by Newtonian equations of motion from film data with a sampling rate of 50 Hz. The motion data from films were smoothed by lower 7 harmonics before analysis. And this study was tried for a normal male subject running on a concrete floor. The mechanical energy consumption was evaluated from the five different criteria suggested by others and a joint energy consumption criterion newly devised based on the muscle contraction.