• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.175-185
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• 2002

To investigate effects of A. gmelini on the 14-day CCl$_4$induced hepatotoxicity, extracts were prepared in 3 ml saline at the dose of 50, 500, 5,000 mg/kg b.w. to administer orally everyday and same concentration (1 : 9, CCl$_4$: olive oil v/v) of CCl$_4$administered intraperitoneally with 2.5 ml/kg b.w. On the 7th day, hemanalysis showed following recovery values; AST 9.9∼64.6%, ALT 36.9∼71.9%, ALP 75.3∼93.7％, BUN 53.8∼59.7%, TBIL 60.4∼100.0< ％, TCHO 77.7∼100.0< ％, and TG 60.4∼100.0< ％. Even if, 14-day CCl$_4$induced hepatotoxicity recovery was found to depend on doses of extract, and recovery values of each treatment were AST 13.8∼56.4％, ALT 15.7∼68.0％, ALP 53.4∼84.4％, BUN 76.9∼100.0< ％, TBIL 60.4 ∼ 100.0< %, TCHO 82.6∼99.3< ％, and TG 56.7∼99.7%. By histological examination of liver, hydropic degeneration, fatty change, lipid accumulation and necrosis were also recovered.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.48-52
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• 2024

This study investigated the microscopic characteristics and genetic relationships of Ganoderma applanatum fruiting bodies. Basidiospores were brown, ellipsoid, and had one or two large vacuoles and a double wall. The surface of basidiospores was smooth or wrinkled and most had numerous small and shallow holes. The length and width of basidiospores of Ganoderma applanatum isolates GBGA-01, GBGA-02, ASI 50167, ASI 52821, ASI 52822, ASI 52823, and ASI 53399 were on average 7.6×4.8 ㎛, 7.9×4.6 ㎛, 7.7×4.9 ㎛, 8.2×5.3 ㎛, 7.7×5.0 ㎛, 8.0×4.9 ㎛, and 7.9×4.9 mm, respectively. In contrast, the basidiospores of Ganoderma lucidum isolate ASI 7125 were 7.7×5.2 ㎛. Using the universal ITS1/ITS4 primer set, the ITS region of the isolates were amplified and sequenced. The ITS sequences were very closely related to G. applantum isolate GBGA-01, GBGA-02, ASI 50167, ASI 52821, ASI 52822, ASI 52823 and ASI 53399, but were not the same species. Whereas, G. lucidum isolate ASI 7125 belongs to different group.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.312-317
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• 2001

7'-Aldehyde-nucleosides analogue (2a, 2c) were synthesized from 6-N-benzoyl-2',3'-O-isopropylideneadenosine and uridine. The condensation of 2 with ethoxycarbonylmethylene Wittig reagent produced the adenosine and uridine analogues containing extended conjugated diene and ethoxycarbonyl group, ethyl-1',5',6',7',8'-pentadeoxy-1'-(adenin-9-yl)-$\beta$-D-ribo-nona-5'(E),7'(E)-dienofuranuronate (4b) and ethyl-1'. 5',6',7',8'-pentadeoxy-1'-(uracil-1-yl)-$\beta$-D-ribo-nona-5'(E),7'-(E)-dienofuranuronate (4c). 9-[8',8'-dibromo-5',6',7',8' -tetradeoxy-$\beta$-D-ribo-octa-5'(E),7'(E)-diene]nucleosides (6b, 6c) were also prepared from 2 with similar method.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.297-310
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• 2023

M.7 rootstock is moderately resistant to fire blight. However, M.7 is generally too vigorous for high-density apple systems, but it can be grafted onto cultivars that exhibit weak tree growth, such as 'Sansa'. This study investigated the vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality of 'Sansa' apple trees grafted on M.7 or M.9 rootstocks to assess the feasibility of establishing domestic high-density apple systems using M.7 and to determine the optimum exposure length for rootstocks. Trees were planted with exposed rootstock lengths of 5, 10, and 15 cm. The vegetative growth of apple trees grafted onto M.7 was greater than that of M.9 and vegetative growth tended to decrease as the exposed length of rootstock increased. However, the differences in yield per tree, average weights, soluble solids contents, and titratable acidity due to the rootstock and its exposure length varied. The accumulated yield over a 10 year period and the yield efficiency of M.7 were lower than that of M.9 and the yield efficiency tended to decrease as the exposed length of rootstock increased. When apple trees were grafted onto M.9, biennial bearing and tree vigor weakening occurred if the exposed length of the rootstock was over 10 cm. Conversely, when apple trees were grafted onto M.7, vegetative growth was excessive if the exposed length of rootstock was below 10 cm. Based on the results from this study, the optimum M.7 and M.9 exposure lengths for 'Sansa' were 15 cm and 5 cm, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1728-1732
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the bionomical characteristics of Luciola lateralis in Korea. Imago's longevity of female was $17.5{\pm}0.7$ and male was $20.6{\pm}1.0$ days at $23^{\circ}C$, R.H. 80%, and significant difference was not occurred in breeding density. Pre-oviposition period was a pair $2.8{\pm}1.5$, two pairs $2.5{\pm}1.5$, three pairs $1.7{\pm}0.7$, four pairs $1.3{\pm}0.5$ days and pre-oviposition period was shorten in higher breeding density. The mean of laying eggs was $248.9{\pm}80.7$, was not related breeding density. Daily oviposition rate was 1st day 20.8%, 2nd 17.3%, 3rd 14.3%, 4th 12.7%, 5th 7.0%, the rate was highest in 1st day and gradually reduced. Egg period was $21.8{\pm}0.7$ days and hatchability was $95.5{\pm}4.8%$. Larval instar was identified the 9th instar, the evidence was able to its skin and marking pattern. Larval period of each instar was 1st $1.0{\pm}0.1$, 2nd $3.3{\pm}0.2$, 3rd $10.2{\pm}1.0$, 4th $6.8{\pm}0.5$, 5th $6.9{\pm}2.0$, 6th $15.4{\pm}4.1$, 7th $18.3{\pm}5.9$, 8th $25.8{\pm}8.7$, 9th $31.2{\pm}13.2$ days. Matured 9th larva was made of cocoon during $2.8{\pm}0.8$ days and pre-pupal, pupal period was $4.6{\pm}0.9$, $5.6{\pm}0.7$ days. Imago was made hard hind wing during $3.8{\pm}0.4$ days in cocoon and come out.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.819-824
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• 2003

The Al-7.7Zn-2.0Mg-1.9Cu-0.1Zr-0.1Sc alloy exhibited excellent elongation by the new thermomechanical treatment (TMT) process; solution treatment and furnace cooling\longrightarrowhot and cold rolling and then annealing for short time. Tensile test at high temperature from 430 to $500^{\circ}C$ has been performed with various strain rates using for the Al-7.7Zn-2.0Mg-1.9Cu-0.1Zr-0.1Sc alloy obtained by the TMT process. The elongation of the Al-7.7Zn-2.0Mg-1.9Cu-0.1Zr-0.1Sc was 550% tensile tested at $470^{\circ}C$ temperature and 2.2 $\times$ $10^{-3}$ $s^{-1}$ strain rate. The m value of Al-7.7Zn-2.0Mg-1.9Cu-0.1Zr-0.1Sc alloy deformed 85% increased from 0.33 to 0.46 with increasing total elongation. This new TMT process was very simple and easy to make the sheets in the company.

• KLA journal
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.7-9
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• 1966

• 건강소식
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• v.9 no.7 s.80
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• pp.7-9
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• 1985

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the kinds of health food advertised and sold through media like printed matter, TV broadcasting or internet. It was found that fifty three percent of the health food was circulated through internet, 27% through printed matter, 9% through TV Broadcasting. When the health foods was classified, the proportion of special purpose nutritious foods was 36.1%, health aid foods 33.9%, uncooked powdered foods 18.5%, functional foods for health 4.9%, Ginseng products 3.9%, and tea 0.9%. The special purpose nutritious foods was composed of 59% of nutrition supplementary foods, 24% of dietary fiber foods, 9% of weaning foods, 7% of milk formula and 2% of HCA. Vegetable extracts occupied 21.1% of health aid foods, yeast 7.5%, mushroom extracts 7.0%, chitosan 6.2%, aloe 5.3%. Dried powdered type health food occupied the highest proportion. The other type were capsule(18.8%), tablet(18.1%), and liquid type(16.4%). When the health food was classified with health claim, the proportion of "nutrition supplementation" was the highest (23.9%), "diet" 14.9%, "ergogenic"(18.8%), "promoting bowel movement" 7.8%, "growth" 5.7%, "regulation of blood sugar" 4.5%, "improving of immunity"(2.4%) and anti-aging effect(2.4%).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.546-548
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• 1993

The discrete structure of substituted 9-benzonorbornenyl cation 3a and 3c was studied using the empirical ${\Delta}$J equation which was developed by Kelly and coworker$^5$. The ${\Delta}$J values of substituted 9-benzonorbornenyl cations were obtained from p-methyl-6,7-dimethyl benzonorbornen-9-yl (3a) and 9-methyl-6,7-dimethyl benzonorbonen-9-yl (3c) cations under stable ion conditions, and were compared with those of the corresponding ketone analog; these cations were generated by dissolving the corresponding carbinols in superacid at -120$^{\circ}$C and the nmr spectra taken at -60$^{\circ}$C~-90$^{\circ}$C. The ${\Delta}$J values are 8.7 Hz for the bridgehead carbons in cation 3c and 3.1 Hz for cation 3b. The ${\Delta}$J values at C5,8 in fused benzene ring are 14.3 Hz for cation 3c and 8.7 Hz for cation 3a. The excellent correlation of the ${\Delta}$J values with 1$^9F$ chemical shifts of p-fluorophenyl-6,7-dimethylbenzonorbornenyl cation (3d) indicate that ${\Delta}$J value is a reliable probe to charge density at adjacent cationic carbon. These NMR parameters strongly support that the symmetrically ${\pi}$-bridged nonclassical structure (type 2) of substituted 9-benzonorbornenyl cations in stable ion conditions.