• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2022

The sorption of Eu on MX-80 bentonite in Na-Ca-Cl solutions is investigated at a molal proton concentration (pH_m) range of 3 to 10 and an ionic strength (I) range of 0.1 to 6 m (mol·kgw^-1). The sorption equilibrium of Eu on MX-80 is achieved within 14 to 21 d at I = 0.1 and 6 m. The sorption distribution coefficient (K_d) values of Eu for MX-80 increase as pH_m increases from 3 to 6 for all I values, and they are independent of pH_m between 8 and 10 at I ≥ 0.5 m. Meanwhile, at I = 0.1 m, the K_d value at pH_m = 10 is slightly lower than those at pH_m = 8 and 9. The K_d values are not affected by the I values between 0.5 m and 6 m, whereas the K_d value at I = 0.1 m is greater than those at I ≥ 0.5 m, except at pH_m = 10. A two-site protolysis nonelectrostatic surface complexation and cation exchange sorption model is applied to the Eu sorption data for I ≤ 4 m, and the equilibrium constants of the sorption reactions are estimated.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제31권6_2호
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• pp.559-565
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• 2013

Spatial resolution of land covers from remotely sensed images can be increased using super-resolution mapping techniques for soft-classified land cover proportions. A further development of super-resolution mapping technique is downscaling the original remotely sensed image using super-resolution mapping techniques with a forward model. In this paper, the model for increasing spatial resolution of remote sensing multispectral image is tested with real SPOT 5 imagery at 10m spatial resolution for an area in Bac Giang Province, Vietnam in order to evaluate the feasibility of application of this model to the real imagery. The soft-classified land cover proportions obtained using a fuzzy c-means classification are then used as input data for a Hopfield neural network (HNN) to predict the multispectral images at sub-pixel spatial resolution. The 10m SPOT multispectral image was improved to 5m, 3,3m and 2.5m and compared with SPOT Panchromatic image at 2.5m resolution for assessment.Visually, the resulted image is compared with a SPOT 5 panchromatic image acquired at the same time with the multispectral data. The predicted image is apparently sharper than the original coarse spatial resolution image.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2015

An experimental study of model truss-type vertical gate consisting of a truss and a plate was presented in this paper to examine the structural dynamics of the gates. A 1:61 scale model was constructed for the 95 m prototype gate using an acrylic truss and an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plate. The scaled model was tested in a 1.6 m wide concrete flume for two orientations to determine the effects of gate orientation on structural vibrations. Natural frequencies of the model gate was measured and calibrated with FEM predictions. Vertical vibrations were measured under various operational conditions, including a range of bottom opening heights and different upstream and downstream water levels. The gate model with reverse direction was preferred due to its low overall vibrational response and flow level combinations. The test results also provide a basic dataset for development of operations guidelines that minimize flow-induced vibrations of the gates.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.271-275
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• 1996

Carcinogenic potential of HPV-16 DNA and NNK in a human keratinocyte cell line was assessed to study effects of viral-chemical interaction. Human cells were transfected with HPV-16 DNA and 6 clonal cell lines were subsequently obtained. Clonal line-3 and 6 at passage 7 showed characteristics of tumor cells such as increases of saturation density, soft-agar colony formation, cell aggregation and foci appearance. Among cells treated with 1$\mu M$, 10$\mu M$, 100$\mu M$ or 1 mM of NNK for 4 weeks, 100$\mu M$ treatment showed most tumorigenic characteristics at passage 7. These results indicate that either HPV-16 or NNK alone is tumorigenic in this in human in vitro model. When cells transfected with HPV-16 were subsequently exposed by 100 uM NNK for 4 weeks, all the clonal cells except clone-1 showed higher levels of tumor cell characteristics than HPV-16 DNA or NNK exposure alone. Clonal line-6, the most tumorigenic cells, showed higher transcriptional level of fibronectin and lower level of TGF-$\beta_1$, as compared to control cells, suggesting that alteration of growth factor or extracellular matrix may play a role in carcinogenesis process induced by HPV-16 and NNK. Taken together, the present study indicates that viral-chemical interactions between HPV-16 DNA and NNK enhance carcinogenic potentials of human cells and implies that smoking among people infected with human papillomavirus may pose an additional risk of causing cancer.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.822-834
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• 2017

In M&S, radar model is a software module to identify position data of simulation objects. In this paper, we propose a radar performance model for simulations of air defenses. The previous radar simulations are complicated and difficult to model and implement since radar systems in real world themselves require a lot of considerations and computation time. Moreover, the previous radar simulations completely depended on radar equations in academic fields; therefore, there are differences between data from radar equations and data from real world in mission level analyses. In order to solve these problems, we firstly define functionality of radar systems for air defense. Then, we design and implement the radar performance model that is a simple model and deals with being independent from the radar equations in engineering levels of M&S. With our radar performance model, we focus on analyses of missions in our missile model and being operated in measured data in real world in order to make sure of reliability of our mission analysis as much as it is possible. In this paper, we have conducted case studies, and we identified the practicality of our radar performance model.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.679-694
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• 2022

Mortality risk is a significant threat to individual life, and quantifying the risk is necessary for making a national population plan and is a traditionally fundamental task in the insurance and annuity businesses. Like other advanced countries, the sustainability of life pensions and the management of longevity risks are becoming important in Asian countries entering the era of aging society. In this study, mortality and pension value sustainability trends are compared and analyzed based on national population and mortality data, focusing on four Asian countries from 1990 to 2017. The result of analyzing the robustness and accuracy of generalized linear/nonlinear models reveals that the Cairns-Blake-Dowd model, the nonparametric Renshaw-Haberman model, and the Plat model show low stability. The Currie, CBD M5, M7, and M8 models have high stability against data periods. The M7 and M8 models demonstrate high accuracy. The longevity risk is found to be high in the order of Taiwan, Hong Kong, Korea, and Japan, which is in general inversely related to the population size.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.491-500
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• 2015

본 연구는 NRCS-CN 방법이 산정하는 유출량의 정확성을 향상시키기 위하여 강우량과 최대잠재보유수량을 초기손실량 계산과정의 주요 기여인자로 고려하였으며, 우리나라 15개 유역에서 관측된 658개의 강우량과 유출량 자료를 이용하여 초기손실량의 수정모형을 제안하였다. 유효우량을 산정하는 방법으로는 NRCS-CN 방법(M1), NRCS-CN 방법에서 초기손실량계수를 감소시킨 방법(M2), 관측 강우-유출 관계를 바탕으로 본 연구에서 제안하는 방법(M3)을 적용하였다. 또한 USDA에서 제시하는 CN값($CN_T$), 관측자료로 부터 계산된 CN값($CN_C$) 그리고 최소자승법으로 추정한 CN값($CN_{LSF}$)을 각각의 방법에 적용하였다. 적용 결과는 RRMSE, NSE 그리고 PBIAS 등을 이용하여 평가되었다. 그 결과 $CN_T$를 M1, M2, M3에 적용한 경우 각 유역에서 평균적으로 [RMSE (23.60, 18.12, 16.04), NSE (0.54, 0.73, 0.79), PBIAS (36.54, 20.25, 12.00)]로 나타났다. 이와 비슷하게 $CN_C$를 M1과 M2에 적용하고, $CN_{LSF}$를 M3에 적용하였을 경우 각 유역에서 평균적으로 [RMSE (17.17, 15.88, 13.82), NSE (0.76, 0.80, 0.85), PBIAS (3.06, 4.47, 0.11)]로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제안된 M3 방법을 사용하여 추정한 유효우량이 관측된 직접유출량과 통계학적으로 가장 가까운 값을 제공하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.171-175
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to suggest the Support and Infill system for 126.6m$^2$-sized housing unit which meets residents' variety. The subjects were 100 housewives who lived in 126.6m$^2$-sized housing unit in the apartment complex, Busan. The data was collected by using model and questionnaire. The model was made to be same as the current 126.6m$^2$-sized floor plan. The residents preferred the flexible housing unit apartment complex. Also, the residents' needs for floor plan of housing unit were various. Therefore, the development of flexible housing unit is needed. On the basis of these findings, the support and infill system for 126.6m$^2$-sized housing unit was suggested.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2019

목적: 본 연구는 치과용 모형 스캐너를 이용하여 단일 전장관과 3본 고정성의치 모형을 스캔하는 과정에서 지대치의 중첩 과정이 최종 가상 모형에 미치는 영향을 알아보려 하였다. 재료 및 방법: 평가를 위해 단일 전장관과 3본 고정성의치를 위한 석고 모형을 제작하였다. 그리고 Pindex system을 이용하여 핀 작업된 모형을 제작하였다. 기준 스캔 데이터(CAD Reference Model)와 실험 스캔 데이터(CAD Test Model)를 획득하기 위해서 치과용 모형 스캐너(E1, 3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark)를 이용했다. 기준 스캔 데이터는 지대치를 분할한 후 탈착하지 않고 스캔하였다. 그리고 실험 스캔 데이터는 분할된 지대치를 분리하여 스캔 후, 기준 스캔 데이터에 중첩되었다(n = 20). 마지막으로 3차원 검사 소프트웨어(release 2018.0.0; Geomagic control X; 3D Systems)를 이용하여 root mean square (RMS)를 분석하였고, 통계 분석은 Mann-Whitney U test를 사용하였다 (${\alpha}=.05$). 결과: 단일 전장관 지대치의 RMS 평균은 $10.93{\mu}m$, 3본 고정성의치 지대치의 RMS 평균은 $6.9{\mu}m$가 나왔다. 두 그룹의 RMS 평균값은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보여줬다 (P < .001). 또한 두 그룹의 양(positive)과 음(negative)의 오류는 단일 전장관 지대치는 $9.83{\mu}m$, $-6.79{\mu}m$, 3본 고정성의치 지대치는 $6.22{\mu}m$, $-3.3{\mu}m$의 평균값이 나왔다. 두 그룹의 양과 음의 오류 평균값은 통계적으로 모두 3본 고정성의치 지대치가 단일 전장관 지대치보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 값을 보여주었다 (P < .001). 결론: 핀 작업된 모형의 스캔 과정에서 지대치의 개수가 증가하여도 지대치의 중첩에 의한 오류는 증가하지 않았다. 또한 단일 전장관 지대치에서 유의하게 높은 오류를 보였지만 임상적으로 허용 가능한 스캔 정확도의 범위에 있다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2021

Background: The deposition of monomeric C-reactive protein (mCRP) in the myocardium aggravates ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and myocardial infarction. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is known to protect the myocardium against IRI. Methods: We evaluated the effects of IPC on myocardium upon which mCRP had been deposited due to IRI in a rat model. Myocardial IRI was induced via ligation of the coronary artery. Direct IPC was applied prior to IRI using multiple short direct occlusions of the coronary artery. CRP was infused intravenously after IRI. The study included sham (n=3), IRI-only (n=5), IRI+CRP (n=9), and IPC+IRI+CRP (n=6) groups. The infarcted area and the area at risk were assessed using Evans blue and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium staining. Additionally, mCRP immunostaining and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were performed. Results: In the IRI+CRP group, the infarcted area and the area of mCRP deposition were greater, and the level of IL-6 mRNA expression was higher, than in the IRI-only group. However, in the IPC+IRI+CRP group relative to the IRI+CRP group, the relative areas of infarction (20% vs. 34%, respectively; p=0.079) and mCRP myocardial deposition (21% vs. 44%, respectively; p=0.026) were lower and IL-6 mRNA expression was higher (fold change: 407 vs. 326, respectively; p=0.376), although the difference in IL-6 mRNA expression was not statistically significant. Conclusion: IPC was associated with significantly decreased deposition of mCRP and with increased expression of IL-6 in myocardium damaged by IRI. The net cardioprotective effect of decreased mCRP deposition and increased IL-6 levels should be clarified in a further study.