• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.539-542
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• 1976

저자는 한국인 부착치은의 폭경을 측정하기 위하여 건전한 치은 및 치주조직을 가진 10명의 남자를 대상으로, 기능적인 방법과 조직화학적인 방법을 이용하여 부착치은 경계부인 Mucogingival Junction에서부터 Marginal gingva의 Crrest까지를 측정하였다. 이때 측정된 부위로, 상, 하악 공히 우측 제일대구치 원심면 Papilla로부터 시작하여 좌측 제일대구치 원심면 Pailla까지 각각 25개 부위로 구분하여 모두 50개 부위를 측정 하였다. 따라서 상기한 방법에 의한 측정을 토대로 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 기능적인 방법을 이용하여 측정한 측정치는 조직화학적인 방법에 의한 측정치보다 약 0.30~0.80mm의 높은 수치로 나타났다. 2. 측정치중 가장 높은 폭경을 나타내는 부착치은의 부위는 상악측절치 근심면(9.03~8.84mm 기능적인 방법, 8.49~8.12mm 조직화학적인 방법)이며, 가장 적은 측정치를 나타낸 부위는 하악제일소구치 Cervical부위이다. (3.87~3.70기능적인 방법, 2.82~2.77mm 조직화학적 방법). 3. Frenum 부착부위 치은폭경은 상악 6.27~6.56mm, 하악 6.95~6.07mm 4. 부착치은 폭경 중 가장 측정키 어려운 하악 제 1대구치 cervical부위는 4.17~3.82mm기능적인 방법, 3.86~3.49mm조직화학적인 방법

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.657-663
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• 2013

This study analyzed fish paste containing Lagocephalus lunaris powder (LLP). The moisture, crude ash, crude protein, and crude lipid content of LLP were 6.21%, 1.03%, 74.50%, and 1.21% respectively. The tested concentrations of LLP were 0, 3, 5, and 7%. The pH of the samples ranged from 6.75 to 6.89, and moisture content ranged from 75.23% to 76.95%. The L values of the samples decreased as the concentrations of LLP decreased, and the a and b values increased. In addition, the folding test results in all test samples were "AA", indicating a good mean flexibility. In the texture meter test, the hardness, strength, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness increased according to increasing concentrations of LLP. In the sensory evaluation, the fish paste prepared with 5% LLP were preferred over other fish pastes. These results suggest that LLP can be applied to fish paste for substantially increasing its quality and functionality.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.853-862
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the number of self-report symptoms for temporomandibular disorders(TMD) and related factors in the third grade students of high school. Methods : A total of 1,043 high school the 3rd students age 16 20 completed a questionnaire from 11 high schools in Andong city from April to June 2010. Student's t-test was used to analyze the difference of TMD number. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the effects of independent variables on TMD number. Results : 1. Students who have one TMD were 71.3%, two 41.7% and over three 25.7%, respectively. 2. The number of TMD symptom of students who have no good habits such as clenching, bite lip and cheeks, resting on hand, chewing gum, hard foods, and unilateral chewing was a statistically significant higher than those who doesn't have ones(p=0.00). 3. TMD number of students who have been under more stress was a significantly higher than those who didn't have been(p=0.00). 4. Bite lip and cheek(${\beta}$=0.03, p=0.037), chewing gum(${\beta}$=0.03, p=0.029), resting on hand(${\beta}$=0.04, p=0.006), hard foods(${\beta}$=0.07, p=0.000), and stress out(${\beta}$=-0.03, p=0.018) were significantly associated with TMD number by multiple regression analysis. Conclusions : Variables associated with TMD were bite lip and cheek, chewing gum, resting on hand, hard foods, and stress out factor. According to our findings, it is so important to teach good habits on oral health to the 3rd grade students in high school. Further prospective study should explore cause of TDM from those variables.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1285-1292
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• 2014

An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Aspergillus oryzae culture (AOC) and 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (HMB) on rumen fermentation and microbial populations between different roughage sources. Two roughage sources (Chinese wild rye [CWR] vs corn silage [CS]) were assigned in a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement with HMB (0 or 15 mg) and AOC (0, 3, or 6 mg). Gas production (GP), microbial protein (MCP) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) were increased in response to addition of HMB and AOC (p<0.01) for the two roughages. The HMB and AOC showed inconsistent effects on ammonia-N with different substrates. For CWR, neither HMB nor AOC had significant effect on molar proportion of individual VFA. For CS, acetate was increased (p = 0.02) and butyrate was decreased (p<0.01) by adding HMB and AOC. Increase of propionate was only occurred with AOC (p<0.01). Populations of protozoa ($p{\leq}0.03$) and fungi ($p{\leq}0.02$) of CWR were differently influenced by HMB and AOC. Percentages of F. succinogenes, R. albus, and R. flavefaciens (p<0.01) increased when AOC was added to CWR. For CS, HMB decreased the protozoa population (p = 0.01) and increased the populations of F. succinogenes and R. albus ($p{\leq}0.03$). Populations of fungi, F. succinogenes (p = 0.02) and R. flavefacien (p = 0.03) were increased by adding AOC. The HMB${\times}$AOC interactions were noted in MCP, fungi and R. flavefacien for CWR and GP, ammonia-N, MCP, total VFA, propionate, acetate/propionate (A/P) and R. albus for CS. It is inferred that addition of HMB and AOC could influence rumen fermentation of forages by increasing the number of rumen microbes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.494-502
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• 2011

Coenzyme $Q_{10}$ ($CoQ_{10}$) is a widely used supplement in heart diseases treatment or antioxidative dietary. The microbial production of $CoQ_{10}$ was enhanced by addition of solanesol and novel precursors recovered from waste tobacco. The novel precursors were separated by silica gel and identified as ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (LNA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) based on the effect on $CoQ_{10}$ production and GC-MS. The effects of novel precursors on $CoQ_{10}$ production by Sphingomonas sp. ZUTE03 were further evaluated in a two-phase conversion system. The precursor's combination of solanesol (70 mg/l) with BHT (30 mg/l) showed the best effect on the improvement of $CoQ_{10}$ yield. A maximal $CoQ_{10}$ productivity (9.5 mg $l^{-1}$ $h^{-1}$) was achieved after 8 h conversion, with a molar conversion rate of 92.6% and 92.4% on BHT and solanesol, respectively. The novel precursors, BHT and LNA in crude extracts from waste tobacco leaves, might become potential candidates for application in the industrial production of $CoQ_{10}$ by microbes.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.710-716
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the intravenous (IV) sedation technique with midazolam and ketamine for uncooperative dental child patients. Three child patients between the ages of 4.4 years and 5.6 years who required sedation for dental treatment were given midazolam and ketamine. Initial dosage was combined of $0.03{\sim}0.06mg/kg$ midazolam and 1.0mg/kg ketamine. Additional dosages of ketamine (0.33mg/kg) were given as needed to maintain deep sedation. Pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, adverse reactions, postoperative recovery and behavior were monitored with saturation pulse oximetry, ECG, NIBP and Cardiocap. In conclusion, the combination of midazolam and ketamine is efficacious in deep sedation for painful dental treatment. However, a significant drop in oxygen saturation was observed as a common adverse side effect. Therefore advanced airway management proficiency is required in order to achieve a successful IV sedation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.565-570
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• 2013

Physiological studies on the salinity tolerance with respect to survival rate and body composition changes of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai were conducted by rapidly changing the salinity in an indoor rearing system. The survival rate of the control (35 psu), 30 and 25 psu groups at $15^{\circ}C$ was 100%. The survival rate of the 20 psu group was $35{\pm}5.0%$. Survival rate of the 15 psu group was 0%. At $15^{\circ}C$ and 35, 30, 25, 20, 15 psu, the moisture contents of abalone muscle were $82.1{\pm}0.7$, $82.5{\pm}0.7$, $84.9{\pm}0.5$, $86.9{\pm}0.3$ and $86.6{\pm}0.4%$, respectively. Crude lipid contents were $0.47{\pm}0.03$, $0.47{\pm}0.03$, $0.47{\pm}0.09$, $0.77{\pm}0.09$ and $0.63{\pm}0.03%$, respectively and crude ash contents were $1.30{\pm}0.12$, $1.33{\pm}0.15$, $1.13{\pm}0.23$, $1.87{\pm}0.15$ and $1.40{\pm}0.31%$, respectively. At salinity below 20 psu, these values increased compared with the control. The general components of abalone muscles significantly increased below 20 psu, while amino acid composition showed no significant difference with salinity and water temperature.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.373-376
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• 2016

The Mini Parasep SF fecal parasite concentrator (MPSFC) is a new modification of the closed concentration system, which can easily be adopted in any routine clinical pathology laboratory. Here we describe our experience with the system in diagnosing Opisthorchis viverrini. A total of 199 fecal samples was submitted for routine examination in the clinical pathology laboratory of Suranaree University of Technology hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand, during August to October 2015. Out of all samples examined, 10 (5.03%) were positive with intestinal parasites including O. viverrini (2.01%), followed by Strongyloided stercoralis (1.51%), Hookworm (0.5%), Taenia spp. (0.5%), and Entamoeba coli (0.5%). Regarding the distribution of intestinal parasites in relation to the methods used, and found that 4 samples (2.01%) were positive using the direct wet smear method while 10 (5.03%) were positive with the Mini Parasep SF method; the difference was statistically significant ($X^2$-test = 116.506, p-value =0.001). Mean time for processing using the Parasep system was 6.03 min/sample, the conventional direct wet smear method at 0.3 min/sample. Cost per test, conventional direct wet smear method costing less than the Parasep method at USD 0.74/sample versus USD 1.47/sample. This first report of O. viverrini detection using MPSFC indicates that Parasep concentration test is useful in the routine laboratory, increasing the yield of parasites as compared to direct microscopy, but with greater processing time and cost. Further comparisons between the Parasep concentration test and common methods for O. viverrini detection are required, particularly concerning use in epidemiological surveys.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6263-6267
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• 2014

Background: It is standard treatment to combine chemotherapy (CT) and thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) in treating patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC). However, optimal timing of TRT is unclear. We here evaluated the survival impact of early versus late TRT in patients with LS-SCLC. Materials and Methods: Follow-up was retrospectively analyzed for seventy consecutive LS-SCLC patients who had successfully completed chemo-TRT between January 2006 and January 2012. Patients received TRT after either 1 to 2 cycles of CT (early TRT) or after 3 to 6 cycles of CT (late TRT). Survival and response rates were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and comparisons were made using the multivariate Cox regression test. Results: Median follow-up was 24 (5 to 57) months. Carboplatin+etoposide was the most frequent induction CT (59%). Median overall, disease free, and metastasis free survivals in all patients were 15 (5 to 57), 5 (0 to 48) and 11 (3 to 57) months respectively. Late TRT was superior to early TRT group in terms of response rate (p=0.05). 3 year overall survival (OS) rates in late versus early TRT groups were 31% versus 17%, respectively (p=0.03). Early TRT (p=0.03), and incomplete response to TRT (p=0.004) were negative predictors of OS. Significant positive prognostic factors for distant metastasis free survival were late TRT (p=0.03), and use of PCI (p=0.01). Use of carboplatin versus cisplatin for induction CT had no significant impact on OS (p=0.634), DFS (p=0.727), and MFS (p=0.309). Conclusions: Late TRT appeared to be superior to early TRT in LS-SCLC treatment in terms of complete response, OS and DMFS. Carboplatin or cisplatin can be combined with etoposide in the induction CT owing to similar survival outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.515-519
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal firing condition and composition for $Al_2TiO_5$ crystal, which is suitable for stable coloration in glazes at high temperatures, using $Cr_2O_3$ as chromophore for the synthesis of $Al_2TiO_5$ system pigments. $Al_2TiO_5$ has a high refractive index and good solubility of chromophore in the $Al_2TiO_5$ lattice, making this structure a good candidate for the development of new ceramic pigments. Pigments were synthesized by using $Al_2O_3$ and $TiO_2$ mainly. Various amounts of $Cr_2O_3$ such as 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 mole were also added. Each compound was synthesized at $1300^{\circ}C$, $1400^{\circ}C$, and $1500^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours and cooled naturally. The crystal structure, solubility limit, and color of the synthesized pigments were analyzed by XRD, SEM, Raman spectroscopy, UV and UV-vis. The changes in color as the result of applying 6 wt% of the synthesized pigments to lime barium glaze were expressed as CIE-L*a*b* values. A $Cr_2O_3$ 0.03 mole doped $Al_2TiO_5$ brown pigment was successfully synthesize at $1400^{\circ}C$, and the values of CIE-L*a*b* parameters were L* = 44.62, a* = 3.10, and b* = 17.25. In the case of the pigment synthesized at $1500^{\circ}C$, the brown color was obtained at 0.01 mole and 0.02 mole $Cr_2O_3$, and the CIE-L*a*b* values were 55.34, 1.73, 28.64, and 49.39, 0.51, 21.33, respectively. At $1500^{\circ}C$, the maximum limit of solid solution was 0.03 mole $Cr_2O_3$. The glazed sample showed green color, and the values of the CIEL* a*b* parameters were L* = 45.69, a* = -0.98, and b* = 20.38.