• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to analyze the problem solving strategies of elementary school students and to find out correlations between the functional mental capacity, the perseveration error and the Creature Card Task solving ability. To study this purpose, four categories were selected through pilot test. The sample consisted of 231, the 4th grade students and the 5th grade students in Inchon, Korea and selected 32 students among them. Three instruments were used in this study, Creature Card Task, FIT(Figural Intersection Test) and WCST(Wisconsin Card Sorting Test). Researcher interviewed 32 students about Creature Card Task solving strategies and tests with FIT, WCST. Major findings of the study are as follows: 1. Creature Card Task solving strategies of the selected 4th & 5th grade students were different. Some students solved problems during individual interviews. 2. Creature Card Task solving abilities were significantly correlated with the functional mental capacity and the perseveration error.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.23-31
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• 1998

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the development of elementary school student's reasoning strategies used in proportional tasks. Three hundred and ninety elementary students were sampled to investigate their reasoning strategies used in Pouring Water Tasks. Results showed that 4 percentage of students used proportional reasoning strategy. By the way, about 80 % of students used qualitative guess or additive strategies to solve proportion tasks. Further, about fifth-grade or 11-year-old students began to use proportional reasoning strategy. Also, female and malt students' development of reasoning strategies improved from 1st grade across 5th grade and from 6-year-old across 11-year-old. However, female did not show the improvement of strategy development after 5th-grade or 11-year-old. However, male students showed a continuous improvement after the grade or age. In addition, students showed developmental patterns of spurts and plateau, ra thor than a linear developmental pattern. The present study also discussed educational implications of this findings in school curriculum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.97-110
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between internet addiction and mental health of 5-6th grade students in elementary schools and to provide some basic data to develop a program for prevention and treatment of internet addiction. The study is the research of the descriptive correlation and the subjects of the study were 643 students from 5th and 6th year children of four elementary schools in four districts which are located in G city. The data were analyzed by SAS program with frequency, percentage, means, standard deviation, x2-test, ANOVA and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. The results were as follows: 1. In the demographic characteristics of the subjects, the boys were 50.5%, girls 49.5% and 5th grade students were 48.4%, 6th grade 51.6%. The purposes of the internet using were e-mail 40.3%, game 37.5%. 2. In the degree of the internet addiction were 4.5% of addiction, 38.7% of addiction tendency and 56.8% of non-addiction. 3. The score range of the degree of the mental health index of the subjects' were 26-28, mean 47.8. 4. There were significant differences in mental health index(F=34.01, p= .000) to the degree of the internet addiction. 5. There were significant negative correlation between the degree of internet addiction and the mertal health index(r=0.342, p= .000). The result of the study showed the students who are in high-grade in elementary school have already addicted to using of the internet as much as the youth and the more they addicted to the internet, the lower mental health index they have. According to increasing of the using internet among the elementary school students, the internet addiction of them have increased. Therefore, it is necessary to develope a program for prevention and treatment of the internet addiction.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the effects of a safety education injury prevention program in elementary school students. Methods: To develop the safety education program, Dick & Carey's teaching model and Keller's ARCS theory were applied. A safety education programs was developed for lower grade students (1st-3rd) and for higher grade students (4th-6th). To evaluate the effect of the safety education program, a pre-post test questionnaire was used with experimental and control groups. The participants were 238 (119 in the experimental group, 119 in the control group) lower (3th) grade and 296 (148 in the experimental group, 148 in the control group) higher (5th) grade elementary school students. For students in each experimental group, safety education was provided for 40 min once a week for 10 weeks. Results: There were significant differences in the level of injury prevention knowledge, attitude, and practice between the experimental group and control group in both the lower and higher grade elementary students. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that safety education is an effective nursing intervention to improve injury prevention knowledge, attitude, and practice in elementary school students.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.167-185
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• 2000

The goal of this research was to provide the basic data of sexual education for late schooler by finding out what they want to know about sex, or to see, if any, its relevancy between female and male students and between each grade. The sample for this research was a total of 453 students in 4th, 5th and 6th grade from 12 different classes at two elementary schools which were located in C city and in B province. The children were requested to write down three points on what they want to know or to learn most about sex, and their answers were put through two analytical stages in order to classify and to examine. The followings are the conclusions from the data. 1. The female cluster took 44.2% out of the whole sample, and there were 151 students per each grade. The specific girl ratios for each grade were 42.4%, 50.3% and 39.7% respectively. 2. It was noted that a total of 1,195 questions were gathered from the students writings, 45% of the questions was raised by the female students. The 4th grade students raised 432questions (43.8% by the girl) while the 5th. and the 6th grade students raised 387 (53.2% by the girl) and 376 questions (42.3% by the girl) respectively. The average number of questions per students was 2.6 while the female students raised 2.8 questions which was more than the average 2.5 questions by male students. It was the 4th grade female student cluster, which raised the most question (3.0) while the 6th grade male students raised the least question (2.4) in average. 3. The questions raised by the children could be divided into seven categories of the knowledge need on sex. They were Reproduction (310 questions, 25.9%), Sexual Culture (230, 19.2%), Concept of sex (125, 18.0%), Changes of Puberty (172, 14.4%), Sexual Health (119, 10.0%), Anatomy and Physiology of Reproductive System (78, 6.5%) and Sexual Tendency and behavior (71, 5.9%). 4. 'Reproduction' was the most frequently raised questions not only by both sex groups but also by the 5th grade students. Both sexes in the 4th grade showed the highest interest in Sexual Culture while it was Changes in Puberty for the both sexes in the 6th grade. The knowledge need on sex of the children indicated what they understand sexuality. They apprehended sex as sex, gender and sexuality in an inclusive way. They showed a major interest in the biological sex and the sexual activities. It seems that the children managed to understand clearly the meaning of gender, furthermore, they even pointed out that the streotyped sex role, patrimonial system and the sexual discrimination were unreasonable. The students possessed not only the least but also the most negative understanding in regard of sexuality. Two suggestions were made from the above conclusions for the practical sex education as well as its research. 1. For the practice: The sex education for the elementary upper grade school student should be relevant with their cognitive characteristics, also it should be more specific on the reproductive organs of both sexes, the actual scenes of the pregnancy and child delivery procedures. The gender concept should be added to the biological sex education, which will lead them to understand the unreasonableness of today's male-superior phenomenon and correct them. It is also necessary to develop educational programs for this age group so as to help them to understand sex in the sense of sexuality as well. 2. For the research: It is not easy to draw out a through conclusion since this study was carried out as one-time data collection. Yet it is undeniably helpful for the sex education if we can understand what the children want to know about sex, how much they know about it by conducting deep-interview researches through a small number of sample.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.127-137
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to assess elementary student's ability of measuring length, area, and volume and reading metric scales. The findings of this study were as follows. All students were successful in measuring without scale, regardless of grades. But they were less successful in measuring the task using standard and nonstandard scales. Especially, in measuring area, lower grade students were not able to perform the task using nonstandard instruments, but higher grade students were able to perform the task. Measuring area using grade paper was least successful for sixth graders. In measuring volume, students under fifth grade read the upper scale when using graduated cylinder. In measuring by direct comparison, students were more successful in measuring length than in measuring area and volume using given material. The use of given nonstandard material was successful for 4th, 5th, and 6th grade students. In measuring using metric scale, lower grade students did not pay attention to the zero of the scale, but just read the end point. Higher grade students considered both zero and end points.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.331-340
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• 2005

In the present study, in order to improve elementary students’ nutrition knowledge and form correct eating habits, dietitian in charge executed nutrition education for 4th-, 5th- and 6th-grade students at Namchang Elementary School in Suwon, Gyeonggi-do using various educational media for five weeks and two sessions a week (a total of 10 sessions) through discretional activity classes. As for change in nutritional knowledge after nutrition education, 4th-grade students showed improvement by 24.3points(p<0.001), 5th-grade ones by 18.0(p<0.001), and 6th-grade ones by 16.7(p<0.001). With regard to change in dietary habits after education, no effect was observed in the improvement of dietary life but the score of dietary habits was improved as a whole. Nutritional knowledge and dietary habits were in a positive correlation with each other before education(r=0.406, p<0.001), but in no correlation after education. Nutritional knowledge and dietary habit practice plan were in a positive correlation after education(r=0.310, p<0.01). With regard to nutritional knowledge after nutrition education by children’s body type measured using Rohrer Index, knowledge increased significantly in normal children(p<0.001), obese children(p<0.001) and highly obese children(p<0.05) but not in slim children. the effect of education was not significant for children’s dietary habits. Practice plan showed significant changes in all of children(p<0.001). This suggests that nutrition education should be executed from early age. It is necessary to define the goals of systematic nutrition education fit for children’s level and to develop various education programs and teaching materials.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.258-272
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perception on sedimentary rock in elementary science 'Earth and Space' domain for elementary school students. For this purpose, questionnaires on the sedimentary rock perception were developed. And the sedimentary rock perception was examined for random sampling of 5th and 6th grade 656 students. As a result, students chosen incorrect answers of the average 53.8% for questions of sedimentary rock perception. Over the average rate of incorrect answers in 18 questions were 10 questions (3 in the creation of sedimentary rock, 5 in the classification of sedimentary rock, 2 in the sedimentary layer). When the results were stratified by residence, grade and gender, there were significant differences in 8 questions between students in urban and rural areas, in 6 questions between 5th and 6th grade students, and in 3 questions between male and female students. The study that understanding of elementary students for sedimentary rock can be provided for form the master planning the teaching strategy to student's scientific concepts in elementary school. The results are also contributed to find an effective ways for modify misconceptions of sedimentary rock to the scientific concepts.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.40-66
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to develop and applicate textbook relevant to school indoor air quality. To achieve the purpose, concrete study process are as follows. First, the survey research to teachers, supervisors, and students is conducted to grasp cognition of subjects in elementary school and management situation about school indoor air quality. Second, contents relevant to indoor air quality on textbooks in the 7th elementary curriculum and subsidiary textbooks is analysed through reference study. Third, environmental textbook relevant to school indoor air quality for 5th and 6th grade in elementary school is developed, applicated, and inspected its effect on the basis of implications from results of survey and reference study. The results of this study are as follows. First, the result of survey concerning school indoor air quality showed that three groups had negative attitude for its management even though they thought that it affected human's health and study by and large. Student group thought that each of students itself was a little influence to school indoor air pollution though all of three groups answered that' activities of students' was its main source. Efforts of students to improve school indoor air quality was not much, and its main reason was that they didn't know about school indoor air pollution well. Second, result of analysis into textbooks on the 7th elementary curriculum and subsidiary textbooks, contents concerning indoor air on the 7th elementary curriculum textbooks was little or nothing. And it trended to be included to subsidiary textbooks. However, education textbooks about indoor air for elementary students was insufficient still. Third, environmental textbook relevant to school indoor air quality for 5th and 6th grade in elementary school was developed. It was constructed for themes - importance, sources, effects, and management of school indoor air quality. After its application to the 6th grade students in elementary school, it was meaningful in the level of p<.05 that the result of knowledge and awareness in the pre-post test within experiment group. However, all of the results in comparison group didn't represent statistically meaningful difference. In conclusion, environmental textbook developed by necessity of education about school indoor air quality will play a role as useful tool for the 5th, 6th grade students in elementary school to understand relation of quality of health and life and school indoor air quality, to have attitude to make an effort to manage it by develop right awareness about it.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.25-32
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• 2014

In the current information and knowledge-based society, a nation's economy power heavily depends on IT-related industry and technology. In this sense, most countries are trying to foster IT industry by developing new and innovative IT technologies. Traditionally, only a few talented persons have been leading the whole IT industry. Thus, it is very important and necessary to identify and support the gifted children in IT in early ages for development of IT industry. The purpose of this paper is to investigate study performance of the gifted children in IT for different grades. Our research is focused on especially 4th grade students, 5th grade students, and 6th grade students in elementary schools. Among various abilities of the gifted children in IT, in this paper, we are interested in programming ability and logical thinking ability. To our best knowledge, there is no research work on study performance depending on different grades of the gifted children in IT. For this purpose, the gifted students in gifted science education center attached in a university at Seoul Metropolitan Area are selected and their test scores for 8 years were collected and analyzed. The statistical analysis results show that there is no significant difference among 4th grade students, 5th grade students, and 6th grade students for programming ability and logical thinking ability. We hope that this result can help suggest and propose study contents, curriculum, principles and laws for the gifted education in IT.