• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.93-105
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• 2019

This study emphasizes the importance of the newly added Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) service as an important evolutionary step for 5G mobile communication, and proposes a remedial application. We analyze the requirements for the application of 5G mobile communication technology in high-precision vertical industries and applications, introduce the 5G URLLC design principles and standards of 3GPP, and summarize the current state of applied artificial intelligence technology in wireless communication. Additionally, we summarize the current state of research on ultra-reliable and low-latency machine learning-based wireless communication technology for application in ultra-high-precision vertical industries and applications. Furthermore, we discuss the technological direction of artificial intelligence technology for URLLC wireless communication.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.27-32
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• 2022

The fifth generation (5G) mobile communication technology is designed to meet all communication needs. Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are a new emerging network structure. HetNets have greater potential for radio resource reuse and better service quality than homogeneous networks since they can evolve small cells into macrocells. Effective resource allocation techniques reduce inter-user interference while optimizing the utilization of limited spectrum resources in HetNets. This article discusses resource allocation in 5G HetNets. This paper explains HetNets and how they work. Typical cell types in HetNets are summarized. Also, HetNets models are explained in the third section. The fourth component addresses radio resource control and mobility management. Moreover, future study in this subject may benefit from this article's significant insights on how HetNets function.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.120-122
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• 2021

최근 기후 변화와 사회적 위험 요인이 결합된 복합 재난의 발생이 급격하게 증가하고 있다. 이러한 재난에 신속하게 대응하기 위하여 통신망을 이용한 긴급재난문자 시스템에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 기존 LTE 기반의 긴급재난문자 서비스는 한정된 자원으로 인해 시스템의 한계가 있으며, 단순한 정보 전달의 기능만 제공하는 문제점이 있다. 5G 이동 통신 서비스가 상용화 되면서 다양한 서비스 제공이 가능하기 때문에 긴급재난문자 서비스를 고도화하기 위한 연구가 수행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 고도화된 5G 기반 긴급재난문자 서비스의 성능을 검증하기 위한 리빙랩을 설계한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.55-56
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• 2022

긴급재난문자는 재난상황을 전달할 때 가장 선호도가 높은 매체이다. 그러나 전송 채널의 용량이 비교적 작아 텍스트만 보낼 수 있고, 리턴 채널이 없어서 수신자의 응답을 받을 수 없다는 한계가 있다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해서 다대일 통신 기법 연구가 있었으나 이를 위해서는 5G 표준 개정이 필요하다는 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 5G 재난문자환경에서 활용하기 위한 긴급재난문자 답신서비스를 설계하였다. 표준 개정 없이 서비스를 제공하기 위하여 재난문자에 링크를 추가하고 답신서비스 웹페이지에 접근하여 수신자의 상태 또는 재난현장의 상태를 텍스트와 사진으로 신고할 수 있도록 하였다.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.160-165
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate a suitable substrate formulation for bag cultivation of Hypsizygus marmoreus. To determine the optimum media composition for H. marmoreus, chemical properties of various media and culture properties were investigated. The fastest primordia formation (9.0 days), the shortest fruiting body harvest period (18.0 days), and the highest yield (144.7 g/bag) were realized with the T6 formulation (55:15:20:5:5 mixing ratio of poplar sawdust, wheat bran, rice bran, dried soybean powder, and palm kernel, respectively). The chemical properties of the T6 formulation were pH, 6.0; total carbon, 19.0%; total nitrogen, 0.83%; C/N ratio, 22.8; P₂O₅, 0.61%; K₂O, 0.46%; and MgO, 0.29%. This is the first attempt using plastic bags for cultivation and will help expand the production of H. marmoreus.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose an efficient congestion control scheme for interworking between 5GS(5G system) and LTE(Long-Term Evolution), called ECC(Efficient Congestion Control). The proposed congestion control scheme (ECC) is considered for coexistence of 5GS and legacy LTE systems and provides a prompt service connectivity based on overriding method while the backoff timer is running in the UE. Also, we briefly introduce Rel-15 5GS from a congestion control perspective and the proposed ECC and simulation results for the existing legacy congestion control mechanism and ECC in the 5GS-LTE coexisting environment are presented. Lastly, the improvement direction is considered in future 3GPP 5GS phase 2 standard in this paper.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.539-549
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• 2008

This study was conducted to examine food and nutrient intakes of weekday and weekend with 329 high school boys residing in Seoul using the 3-day food record. Frequency for breakfast skipping was the highest as compared with lunch and dinner skipping. Frequencies for breakfast and lunch skipping were significantly higher in weekend than weekday (p<0.05). The daily average food, vegetable food and animal food intakes were 1,327.6 g, 800.5 g, and 425.8 g, respectively. Total food and vegetable food intakes of weekday were significantly higher than weekend(p<0.05). The dietary variety score(DVS) was 20.5 in daily average, 23.3 in weekday and 15.1 in weekend, which showed significantly higher in weekday than weekend(p<0.05). The daily averages of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate intake were 2244.9 kcal, 89 g, 72.6 g, and 311.2 g, respectively. Fat intake was significantly lower and carbohydrate, fiber, phosphate, iron, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, niacin, folate, and vitamin C intakes were significantly higher in weekday than weekend (p<0.05). The percentages of energy intake from carbohydrate, protein, and fat were 55.4%, 15.8%, 28.8% in daily average, 56.8%, 15.8%, 27.4% in weekday and 53.6%, 15.8%, 30.7% in weekend, respectively. The percentages of energy intake from carbohydrate in weekday and weekend were below 60%, and that from fat was above 27% in weekday and weekend. Carbohydrate intake was significantly higher and fat intake was significantly lower in weekday than weekend(p<0.05). Energy intakes of daily average, weekday and weekend were above 83% as compared with estimated energy requirement(EER). Intakes of dietary fiber, calcium, potassium, vitamin C, riboflavin and folate were below 75% as compared with adequate intake(AI) or recommended intake(RI). Mean adequacy ratios(MAR), an index of overall dietary quality were 0.78 in daily average, 0.80 in weekday and 0.75 in weekend. MAR of weekend showed significantly lower than weekday(p<0.05). This study revealed that the overall nutrient intake status was worse in weekend than weekday among high school boys.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.423-429
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• 2008

Throughout the world, rotavirus infections cause extensive morbidity in human infants and diarrhea in animals such as white scour caused by bovine rotavirus in calves. We isolated three rotavirus strains designated KV0407, KV0418, and KV0426 from 103 fecal samples of diarrheic calves. The genes coding for proteins VP4, VP6, VP7, and NSP4 from strain KV0407 were sequenced and compared with the nucleotide sequences of other known strains of rotavirus. The KV0407 VP4 gene was highly homologous to the OSU (99.4%) and JL94 (99.4%), but not the B223 (62.4%) and K33 (62.4%) VP4 genes. The KV0407 and KV0418 VP7 genes were most similar to the OSU and super-short type VMRI VP7 genes. Based on nucleotide sequence analysis, the KV0407 strain was tentatively assigned to A serogroup (SG I), G5P[7], NSP4 genotype B and the KV0418 and KV0426 strains were assigned to A serogroup (SG I), G6P[5], NSP4 genotype A. The genetic characterization of these bovine rotavirus isolates could be useful for the diagnosis and prevention of diarrhea in calves.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of Aster koraiensis Nakai as a natural health food source. To accomplish this, the general and antioxidative contents of A. koraiensis were measured. Total contents of carbohydrates, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash were 72.15%, 13.49%, 5.09%, and 9.27%, respectively. Caloric content of A. koraiensis was 349.70 kcal, while total dietary fiber was 49.79%. Total proteins consisted of 18 different kinds of amino acids. Contents of essential and non-essential amino acids were 4.6 and 5.5 g/100 g, respectively. Regarding mineral contents, P was the most abundant mineral, followed by K, Ca, and Na. Therefore, A. koraiensis is an alkali material. Total phenol contents of the hot water and 80% ethanolic extracts of A. koraiensis were $87.7{\pm}5.01$ and $112.4{\pm}3.41$ mg GAE/g, respectively. Total flavonoid contents of the hot water and 80% ethanolic extracts were $86.6{\pm}3.71$ and $95.1{\pm}8.00$ mg RE/g, respectively. The DPPH radical-scavenging activity and reducing power of the 80% ethanolic extract of A. koraiensis were higher than those of the water extract. Therefore, the general nutrients and antioxidant bioactive materials in A. koraiensis are potential materials for health foods.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.spc
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• pp.9-14
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• 2008

This experiment was carried out to clarify the effect of various transplanting dates and agroclimatic zones on quality of brown rice and yield of a pigmented rice variety ‘Josaengheugchal’. The black density of brown rice in Jecheon (central inland region) showed a slight difference among the transplanting dates, but in Cheongwon (western sobaek inland region) that had increased at the transplanting dates of June 10th to 20th. cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) content at the same transplanting date in Jecheon was higher than Cheongwon, and the overall C3G content was increased at the later transplanting dates. The optimum transplanting date estimated by brown rice yields and C3G content was May 11th (491 kg/10a) in Jecheon and June 16th (468 kg/10a) in Cheongwon.