• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2016

Purpose : This study was designed to provide basic data of effective sanitization method of sprout vegetable for microbiological safety. Methods : Sanitization treatments were performed by dipping the sprout into chlorine and vinegar water. Microbial analysis were composed of the total plate count(TPC) and coliform group count(CGC). Result : Among chlorine water sanitization, the microbial reduction was largest in 100ppm chlorine water, and its TPC and coliform group count decreased to 6.01 log CFU/g and 5.06 log CFU/g. The effective dipping time in 100ppm chlorine water treatment was 5.97 log CFU/g and 5.91 log CFU/g for 30min and 60min, in which TPC were below the microbiological safety limits of 6.00 log CFU/g. Coliform group counts were decreased to 5.44, 5.46, 5.42 log CFU/g in the dipping the spouts for 30min, 60min and 90min. As a result of sanitizing alfalfa spout by vinegar water, a microbial counts tended to decrease with increasing concentration and the dipping time. The effective concentration of vinegar water was 2% for TPC(6.00 log CFU/g) and 1% for coliform group count(5.20 log CFU/g). With 1% vinegar water treatment, TPC became below the microbiological safety limits in all samples and in particular, the sample treated for 60min and 90min(4.93, 4.54 log CFU/g). While coliform group counts were decreased to 3.91 log CFU/g in the dipping the sprouts for 90min, those were still beyond the permitted limit. Conclusion : To secure the food safety of food service facilities including kindergarten feeding, it is considered that along with the systematic study of effective disinfection method for microbiological control at the preconditioning level of spout vegetable within the range of secured maleficence to human body, and the study regarding the measures to lower the initial microbiological pollution of spout vegetable.

• 정보보호학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2023

IMT-2030(6G)은 IMT-2020(5G)에 비교하여 많은 서비스와 기능들이 추가되고 있다. IMT-2030(6G) 요소기술 개발은 산업계에서 매우 빠르게 진행되고 있으며, 이러한 기술을 기반으로 표준개발이 ITU-R WP 5D, 3GPP 등 여러 기구에서 동시다발적으로 진행이 되고 있다. Open RAN은 시점으로는 5G 이후에 출현한 기술이지만 5G를 기반으로 실현이 가능함을 산업계에서는 보여주고 있다. 이러한 기술들을 구분 짓고 체계화 하는 것이 표준기구의 역할이라고 할 수 있다. ITU-R WP 5D 제44차 회의(2023년 6월)에서 이번 회기(2020-2023)를 종료하며 완성한 IMT Framework 문서의 내용을 기반으로 AI와 정보보호가 융합한 지능형 보안관제의 필요성, 구조와 기능에 대하여 살펴본다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1558-1564
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• 2018

Objective: We report monitoring conservation effect for a Chinese indigenous chicken (Langshan) breed using major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and DNA barcords. Methods: The full length of MHC B-G gene and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene in generations 0, 5, 10, 15, 16, and 17 was measured using re-sequencing and sequencing procedures, respectively. Results: There were 292 single nucleotide polymorphisms of MHC B-G gene identified in six generations. Heterozygosity (He) and polymorphic information content (PIC) of MHC B-G gene in generations 10, 15, 16, and 17 remained stable. He and PIC of MHC B-G gene were different in six generations, with G10, G15, G16, G17 >G5>G0 (p<0.05). For the COI gene, there were five haplotypes in generations 0, 5, 10, 15, 16, and 17. Where Hap2 and Hap4 were the shared haplotypes, 164 individuals shared Hap2 haplotypes, while Hap1 and Hap3 were the shared haplotypes in generations 0 and 5 and Hap5 was a shared haplotype in generations 10, 15, 16, and 17. The sequence of COI gene in 6 generations was tested by Tajima's and D value, and the results were not significant, which were consistent with neutral mutation. There were no differences in generations 10, 15, 16, and 17for measured phenotypic traits. In other generations, for annual egg production, with G5, G10, G15, G16, G17>G0 (p<0.05). For age at the first egg and age at sexual maturity, with G10, G15, G16, G17>G5>G0 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Combined with the results of COI gene DNA barcodes, MHC B-G gene, and phenotypic traits we can see that genetic diversity remained stable from generations 10 to 17 and the equimultiple random matching pedigrees conservation population conservation effect of Langshan chicken was effective as measured by these criteria.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.395-399
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• 1994

Pichia stiJitis CBS5776를 이용하여 6탄당과 5 탄당을 함유한 혼합당 배지에서의 에탄올 발효 특성 을 알아 보기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. 탄소원으로 사용된 당 중 에탄올 수율변에셔는 포도당, man­n nose, galactose, xylose 순으로 5탄당보다는 6탄당 이 우수한 기절로 판명되었다. 포도당의 에탄올 수 율이 O.376g ethanol/g glucose로 제 일 높았으며, 다음으로 mannose의 에탄올 수율은 O.326g etha­nnol/g mannose이였다. Spent sulfite liquor와 같은 조성을 가진 혼합당 함유 배지에서 6탄당인 mannose, 포도당이 먼저 이용된 후 galactose와 5탄당인 xylose가 이용됨을 알 수 있었다. Arabinose가 단일 탄소원으로 존재할 경우, 일부가 균체 성장에 이용되였으나 혼합당 배지 에셔는 전혀 이용되지 못하였다. 발효 결과 최대 에 탄올 농도는 $12.2g/\ell$ 이었고, 에탄올 생산 수율은 0.332g ethanol/g sugar이었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.53.1-53.11
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• 2020

Objectives: This study investigated the incidence of root dentin defects after the use of different post space preparation (PSP) drills. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two bovine incisors were selected and obtained 14-mm-long root sections. Twelve roots served as controls with no intervention (G1). The 60 root canals remaining were instrumented using the crown-down technique with the ProTaper Next system and obturated using the lateral condensation technique. Specimens were randomly distributed into 5 groups (n = 12) according to the operative steps performed: G2, root canal instrumentation and filling (I+F); G3, I+F and PSP with Gates-Glidden drills; G4, I+FI+F and PSP with Largo-Peeso reamers; G5, I+F and PSP with Exacto drill; and G6, I+F and PSP with WhitePost drill. Roots were sectioned at 3, 6, 9, and 12 mm from the apex, and digital images were captured. The presence of root dentin defects was recorded. Data were analyzed by the χ² test, with p < 0.05 considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: Root dentin defects were observed in 39.6% of the root sections. No defects were observed in G1. G5 had significantly more cracks and craze lines than G1, G2, and G3 (p < 0.05), and more fractures than G1, G2, G3, and G4 (p < 0.05). When all root sections were analyzed together, significantly more defects were observed at the 12-mm level than at the 3-mm level (p < 0.05). Conclusions: PSP drills caused defects in the root dentin. Gates-Glidden drills caused fewer root defects than Largo-Peeso reamers and Exacto drills.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.25-32
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• 1979

한국(韓國) 식품가공(食品加工)에 상용(常用)하고 있는 식품첨가물중(食品添加物中)의 유해금속원소(有害金屬元素)의 함량(含量)을 조사검토(調査檢討)하기 위(爲)하여 착향과(着香料) 7종(種), 착색과(着色料)3종(種), 산미과(酸味料)4종(種), 팽장제(膨腸劑)4종(種), 유화제(乳化劑)(2종(種)), 호료(糊料)2종(種), 항산화제(抗酸化劑)2종(種), 강화제(强化劑)2종(種), 조미료(調味料(3종(種)), 식품품질개량제(食品品質改良劑)(10종(種)의 유해금속(有害金屬)을 APDC-MIBK추출법(抽出法)으로 측정(測定)한 결과(結果) 대부분(大部分)의 식품첨가물(食品添加物)은 유해금속(有害金屬을) 비교적(比較的) 적게 함유(含有)하고 있었으나 sodium, carbonate, 식용황색색(食用叢色色), 5호(號), 식용청색색소(食用靑色色素) 1호(號), 식용적색색소(食用赤色色素) 2호(號) 및 면류첨가알카리제는 다소(多少) 다량(多量)으로 함유(含有)하고 있다. 이들 식품첨가물(食品添加物의) 유해금속(有害金雇)의 함량(含量)은 다음과 같다. 1) sodium carbonate Cd: 16.77 $16.77{\mu}g/g.$ Pb: $61.55{\mu}g/g$이었다. 2) 식용황색색소(食用黃色色素) 5호(號)는 Cd: $1.67{\mu}g/g$, Pb: $23.46{\mu}g/g$이었다. 3) 식용청색색소(食用靑色色素) 1호(號)는 Cd: $1.16{\mu}g/g$, Pb: $12.13{\mu}g/g$이었다. 4) 식용적색색소(食用赤色色素) 2호(號)는 Cd: $1.91{\mu}g/g$, Pb: $23.08{\mu}g/g$이었다. 5) 면류 첨가(添加)알카리제는 Cd: $6.11{\mu}g/g$, Pb: $53.85{\mu}g/g$ 이었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.647-651
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• 1995

A tylosin-hyperproductive mutant of S. fradiae MNU20 was isolated among 3500 strains obtaincd from either MNNG- or UV-treated Streptomyces fradiae NRRL2702. The composition of optimal medium for tylosin production was formulated as followed as: 4 g soluble starch, 1 g glucose, 1 g corn steep liquor, 7.5 ml soy bean oil, 0.2 g KH$_{2}$PO$_{4}$, 1 g Na$_{2}$S$_{2}$O$_{3}$$\cdot $5H$_{2}$O, 2 g CaCO$_{3}$, 2 g NaCl, 0.001 g CoCl$_{2}$$\cdot $6H$_{2}$O in 1 liter of distilled water. With the optimal medium, S. fradiae MNU20 was able to produce 159 mg tylosin (g biomass)$^{-1}$, indicating that tylosin productivity of Streptomyces fradiae NRRL2702 was increased 14 times higher by mutation. When the effect of valine, succinate, and natural zeolite on tylosin production was investigated by using the optimal medium, these substances essentially enhanced tylosin production and their addition time during culture period appeared to be critical for the increase of tylosin production.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.251-255
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• 2008

굴비 가공 중 식염농도가 콜레스테롤 산화에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 염장시간을 5시간과 5일로 달리하여 건조 저장한 후 콜레스테롤 및 그 산화물의 함량을 분석하였다. 생 시료의 콜레스테롤 함량은 $133.4{\pm}5.20\;mg/100\;g$으로 정량되었으나 천일염으로 염장 후 콜레스테롤 함량은 5시간 염장하였을 때 $130.3{\pm}2.95\;mg/100\;g$, 5일간 염장한 시료에서 $87.2{\pm}3.49\;mg/100\;g$으로 염장시간에 따른 콜레스테롤의 감소가 현저하였으며 저장기간 동안 콜레스테롤의 함량은 점차 감소하였다. 7-ketocholesterol은 5시간 및 5일간 염장 후 각각 $75.2{\pm}2.70\;{\mu}g/100\;g$과 $82.4{\pm}3.30\;{\mu}g/100\;g$으로 정량되었다. 5시간 염장시료는 건조 2일까지는 7-ketocholesterol의 함량에 유의차가 없었으나 건조 5일에 급격히 증가하였고, 저장기간 동안에도 점차 증가하였다. $7{\alpha}$ 및 $7{\beta}-hydroxycholesterol$은 생 시료에서는 전혀 검출되지 않았으나 가공과정을 거치면서 점차 증가하였는데 $7{\alpha}-hydroxycholesterol$의 함량은 저장 21일 후는 5시간 염장한 시료($658.1{\pm}6.20\;{\mu}g/100\;g$)에서 5일간 염장한 시료($539.6{\pm}6.17\;{\mu}g/100\;g$)보다 $118.5\;{\mu}g/100g$ 더 많이 생성되었다. $7{\beta}-hydroxycholesterol$도 염장 및 저장 기간에 따라 그 함량이 증가하였으며 5일간 염장한 시료에서는 저장 7일과 14일 사이에 증가폭이 가장 컸다.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2021

Industrial networks has been developing various technologies from fieldbus technology to industrial Ethernet and time-sensitive networking. The industry expects that the 5G mobile network will solve the diverse and highly specific industrial site requirements. Accordingly, 3GPP has been developing standard functions to provide ultra-high reliability, ultra-high speed, ultra-connection, and ultra-low latency services, and 3GPP Rel-16 began developing ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability communication functions for 5G mobile networks to support vertical industries. In this paper, we show the related standardization trends and requirements to apply industrial IoT service scenarios to 5G mobile networks, and in particular, we introduce 5G system features and extended 5G system architecture to provide time sensitive communication and time synchronization services.

• Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.233-237
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• 2018

Background: Obesity is a complex, medical condition causally contributing to many chronic diseases and a number of efforts have been made to find the associated markers for novel prevention and treatment of obesity. Our study was to evaluate the relationship between gut immune response and obesity and overweight with use of fecal calprotectin (FC) both in adult and children groups. Methods: Fecal samples were obtained from 74 subjects: 14 non-obese and overweight children (PN), 13 obese and overweight children (PO), 20 non-obese and overweight adults (AN), and 27 obese and overweight adults (AO). FC was measured using a commercial Legend Max quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BioLegend). Mann-Whitney U-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Median FC concentration was $7.9{\mu}g/g$ (range, $1.9-28.9{\mu}g/g$) for PN, $5.0{\mu}g/g$ (range, $2.6-29.6{\mu}g/g$) for PO, $9.5{\mu}g/g$ (range, $0.8-28.9{\mu}g/g$) for AN, and $10.0{\mu}g/g$ (range, $1.6-25.6{\mu}g/g$) for AO, respectively. In both adults and children age groups, the FC showed no statistically significant difference between AO and AN or PO and PN. However, FC showed statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between AO and PO while not significant between AN and PN. Conclusion: FC level in AO was significantly higher than that in PO, suggestive of different pathophysiologic mechanism between children obesity and adults obesity.