• 제목/요약/키워드: 5-Layers

검색결과 3,621건 처리시간 0.025초

중간 광전극에 삽입된 산란층에 의한 염료감응 태양전지의 광수집 성능 향상 (Enhancement of the Light Harvesting of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell by Inserting Scattering Layer)

  • 남정규;김범성;이재성
    • 한국분말재료학회지
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    • 제16권5호
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    • pp.305-309
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    • 2009
  • The effect of light scattering layers (400 nm, TiO$_2$ particle) of 4 $\mu$m thickness on the dye-sensitized solar cell has been investigated with a 12 $\mu$m thickness of photo-anode (20 nm, TiO$_2$ particle). Two different structures of scattering layers (separated and back) were applied to investigate the light transmitting behaviors and solar cell properties. The light transmittance and cell efficiency significantly improved with inserting scattering layers. The back scattering layer structure had more effective transmitting behavior, but separated scattering layer (center: 2 $\mu$m, back: 2 $\mu$m) structure (9.83% of efficiency) showing higher efficiency (0.6%), short circuit current density (0.26 mA/cm$^2$) and fill factor (0.02). The inserting separating two scattering layers improved the light harvesting, and relatively thin back scattering layer (2 $\mu$m of thickness) minimized interruption of ion diffusion in liquid electrolyte.

사료내 고추(Capsicum annum)씨가 채란계 생산성과 난질에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Dietary Hot Pepper(Cap8icum annum) Seed on Performance and Egg Quality in Layers)

  • 허준무;고태송
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.21-30
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    • 1998
  • The effects of dietary levels and feeding period of Korean hot pepper (Capsicum annum) seed on the performance and egg quality were investigated. Rhode Island Red layers of 84 wk of age were fed the experimental diets containing O.O(Control), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0% of HPS, respectively, in individual cages during 10 wk of the feeding period. The dietary hot pepper seed significantly(P<0.05) improved hen-day egg production and daily egg rnass, but reduced egg weight(P<0.05). During the 10 wk of the feeding period, the egg production and daily egg mass improved after 6 or 7 wk of feeding 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0% hot pepper seed diets. When the layers were fed the 3.0% HPS diet, it only took 1 wk to improve the egg production and daily egg mass. In addition, the birds fed 3.0% hot pepper seed diet showed relatively constant egg weight while those of the Control increased gradually as the feeding period passed. The dietary hot pepper seed significantly improved the eggshell thickness, and redness and whole color of egg yolk. The results indicate that dietary hot pepper seed( $\geq$2.0%) may improve the egg production and egg shell thickness, and increase the redness of egg yolk in layers.

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복합재료 원통쉘의 구조해석을 이용한 신경회로망의 하중특성 추론에 관한 연구 (Prediction of the Loading Characteristics by Neural Networks Using Structural Analysis of Composite Cylindrical Shells)

  • 명창문;이영신;서인석
    • 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.137-146
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    • 2002
  • 본 연구에서는 복합재료 원통쉘의 정적 구조해석 결과를 신경회로망에 적용하여 원통쉘에 가해진 하중특성을 추론하였다. 신경회로망 알고리즘은 역전파 학습법의 학습율이 가변적으로 조정될 수 있도록 프로그램을 개발하였으며, 입력패턴은 원통쉘에 하중이 가해졌을 때, 원통쉘의 측면에서 발생하는 9지점의 변형률을 이용하였다 출력층은 가해진 하중특성으로 설정하였으며, 학습결과 원통쉘의 하중특성 추론 학습에 성공하였다. 은닉층의 층수를 1층에서 3층까지 학습결과를 비교분석하였으며, 하중특성은 0.5% 이내로 추론이 가능해졌다. 본 연구 결과 신경회로망을 이용한 복합재료 원통쉘의 역공학이 가능해졌다.

Simultaneous Evaluation of Cellular Vitality and Drug Penetration in Multicellular Layers of Human Cancer Cells

  • Al-Abd Ahmed Mohammed;Lee Joo-Ho;Kuh Hyo-Jeong
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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    • 제36권5호
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    • pp.309-314
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    • 2006
  • The multicellular layers(MCL) of human cancer cells is a three dimensional(3D) in vitro model for human solid tumors which has been used primarily for the assessment of avascular penetration of anti-cancer drugs. For anti-cancer drugs with penetration problem, MCL represents a good experimental model that can provide clinically relevant data. Calcein-AM is a fluorescent dye that demonstrates the cellular vitality in a graded manner in cancer cell culture system. In the present study, we evaluated the use of calcein-AM for determination of anti-proliferative activity of anti-cancer agents in MCL model of DLD-1 human colorectal cancer cells. Optical sectioning of confocal imaging was compromised with photonic attenuation and penetration barrier in the deep layers of MCL. By contrast, fluorescent measurement on the cryo-sections provided a feasible alternative. Cold pre-incubation did not enhance the calcein-AM distribution to a significant degree in MCL of DLD-1 cells. However, the simultaneous determination of drug penetration and cellular vitality appeared to be possible in drug treated MCL. In conclusion, these data suggest that calcein-AM can be used for the simultaneous determination of drug-induced anti-proliferative effect and drug penetration in MCL model.

순티타늄의 교류 불꽃 양극산화층 미세조직에 미치는 양극산화공정변수 및 대기산화온도의 영향 (The Effects of Anodizing Process Parameters and Oxidation Temperature under Atmospheric Environment on Morphology of the Pure Titanium by Alternating Current Arc-anodizing)

  • 양학희;박종성
    • 한국표면공학회지
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    • 제41권1호
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    • pp.16-22
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    • 2008
  • Anodizing to form oxide layers on the pure titanium was performed in the electrolyte containing 1.5M $H_2SO_4$, 0.2M $H_3PO_4$, and 2.5wt.% $CuSO_4$ using the ac-biased arc anodizing technique. Titanium oxide layers anodized with different applied voltages, voltage-elevating rates, and anodizing times were investigated. In addition, thermal oxidation test under an atmospheric environment for the arc-anodized specimens was carried out. The thickness of oxide layers were not affected by the voltage-elevating rates, but increased slightly with the increase of anodizing times. The thickness of oxide layers were increased with the increase of voltages, and increased remarkably in the condition of 200V. The size and number of the pore observed in the center of the porous cell were decreased with increase of applied voltage. From the result of thermal oxidation test, it revealed that oxide layer formed by arc anodizing more effective to prevent oxidation of pure titanium.

지표레이다 (GPR) 탐사에 의한 하상퇴적물 조사 (Survey of underwater deposits using ground penetrating radar)

  • 장현삼;정성태
    • 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지구물리탐사학회 2002년도 정기총회 및 제4회 특별심포지움
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    • pp.163-178
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    • 2002
  • 지표레이다 (GPR)를 이용하여 하상 퇴적물 조사를 수행하였다. 조사지역은 수심이 약 2.5 m 정도로 얕고, 물이 흐르지 않는 호수이며, 조사대상인 뻘 (mud)층의 두께가 얇아 GPR이 매우 효율적인 탐사방법이다. 조사결과 수심하부 층서구조, 즉 뻘층, 모래층, 자갈 및 기반암의 구조를 효율적으로 파악할 수 있었으며, 주 제거대상인 뻘층의 경우 여러개의 탐사 측선으로부터 그 분포 및 총 퇴적량을 추정하였다 이러한 결과는 향후 이 지역에서의 준설을 위한 기초자료로 매우 중요하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

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와이어 브러싱한 알루미늄 판재 표면 및 압연접합 계면의 미세조직 및 기계적 성질 (Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Wire-Brushed Surface and Roll-Bonded Interface of Aluminum Sheets)

  • 김수현;김형욱;강주희;어광준
    • 대한금속재료학회지
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    • 제49권5호
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    • pp.380-387
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    • 2011
  • Wire brushing, which is a typical surface preparation method for roll bonding, has recently been highlighted as a potentially effective method for surface nanocrystallization. In the present study, the microstructure evolution and hardness of the wire-brushed surface and roll-bonded interface of a 1050 aluminum sheet were investigated. Wire brushing formed protruded layers with a nanocrystalline structure and extremely high surface hardness. After roll bonding, the protruded layers remained as hard layers at the interface. Due to their hardness and brittleness the interface hard layers, can affect the interface bonding properties and also play an important role determining the mechanical properties of multi-layered clad sheets.

An analytical study on free vibration of magneto electro micro sandwich beam with FG porous core on Vlasov foundation

  • Kazem Alambeigi;Mehdi Mohammadimehr;Mostafa Bamdad
    • Advances in nano research
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    • 제15권5호
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    • pp.423-439
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    • 2023
  • The aim of this paper is to investigate the free vibration behavior of the micro sandwich beam composing of five layers such as functionally graded (FG) porous core, nanocomposite reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and piezomagnetic/piezoelectric layers subjected to magneto electrical potential resting on silica aerogel foundation. The effect of foundation has been taken into account using Vlasov model in addition to rigid base assumption. For this purpose, an iterative technique is applied. The material properties of the FG porous core and FG nanocomposite layers are considered to vary throughout the thickness direction of the beams. Based on the Timoshenko beam theory and Hamilton's principle, the governing equations of motion for the micro sandwich beam are obtained. The Navier's type solution is utilized to obtain analytical solutions to simply supported micro sandwich beam. Results are verified with corresponding literatures. In the following, a study is carried out to find the effects of the porosity coefficient, porous distribution, volume fraction of CNT, the thickness of silica aerogel foundation, temperature and moisture, geometric parameters, electric and magnetic potentials on the vibration of the micro sandwich beam. The results are helpful for the design and applications of micro magneto electro mechanical systems.

투명 금속 음극을 이용한 전면발광 적색 인광 OLEDs의 전기 및 광학적 특성 (Electrical and Optical Properties of Red Phosphorescent Top Emission OLEDs with Transparent Metal Cathodes)

  • 김소연;하미영;문대규;이찬재;한정인
    • 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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    • 제20권9호
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    • pp.802-807
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    • 2007
  • We have developed red phosphorescent top emission organic light-emitting diodes with transparent metal cathodes deposited by using thermal evaporation technique. Phosphorescent guest molecule, BtpIr(acac), was doped in host CBP for the red phosphorescent emission, Ca/Ag, Ba/Ag, and Mg/Ag double layers were used as cathode materials of top emission devices, which were composed of glass/Ni/2TNATA(15 nm)/${\alpha}$-NPD(35 nm)/CBP:BtpIr(acac)(40 nm, 10%)/BCP(5 nm)/$Alq_3$(5 nm)/cathodes. The optical transparencies of these metal cathodes strongly depend on underlying Ca, Ba, and Mg layers. These layers also strongly affect the electrical conduction and emission properties of the red phosphorescent top emission devices.

질소 이온주입법에 의한 BN 박막의 계면구조 개선 및 밀착력 향상 (Modification and adhesion improvement of BN interfacial layers by Post-N+ implantation)

  • 변응선;이성훈;이상로;이구현;한승희;이응직;윤재홍
    • 한국진공학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.157-164
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    • 1999
  • The post ion implantation has been applied to modify early-grown BN layer and improve the adhesion of the BN films. The effect of ion implantation doses on microstructure and interlayer was investigated by FTIR and HRTEM. And the hardness and delamination life time of N+-implanted BN films were measured. With increasing the ion dose up to $5.0\times10^{15}\textrm{atoms/cm}^2$,the change of IR spectrum is observed. At $5.0\times10^{16}\textrm{atoms/cm}^2$, a drastic transition of cubic phase into hexagonal phase is detected. The change of microstructure of early-grown layers by ion implantation is confirmed using HRTEM. Both microhardness and delamination life time of BN films increase with ion dose. The modification model of early-grown BN layers is briefly discussed based on the displacement per atom and excess boron in the BN film induced by ion irradiation.

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