• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.82-88
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• 2007

Two experiments were conducted to see the effects of lacquer meal (Rhus verniciflua) on layer performance. In Exp. 1, seventy-two Hy-Line brown layers, 46 wk of age were fed 0, 1.5% and 3.0% lacquer added diets for 6 weeks. Diets contained 2,650 kcal/kg ME and 16.50% CP. In Exp. 2, high-energy diets were fed to 72 Hy-line brown layers of 46 wk age for 6 wk. The diets were: control (3,000 kcal/kg ME and 16.50% CP); T1 and T2 contained 1.5 and 3.0% lacquer respectively, in addition to high energy levels. Each treatment had four replicates with 6 birds each in both the experiments. During Exp.1, there was no effect on average daily feed intake, egg production and feed efficiency, however, egg weight was linearly (p=0.0128) decreased with the addition of lacquer in diets. The egg quality parameters measured at bi-weekly intervals did not reveal any particular trend. In Exp 2., high-energy diets have decreased the feed intake and egg production in all groups. However, feeding lacquer at 1.5% increased the egg production by 9% than control. The yolk fat content was increased due to treatments showing quadratic trend (p=0.0683). The liver fat content was decreased by 40-43% than control in lacquer added diets. Except palmitic, oleic and arachidonic acids, some yolk fatty acids showed a linear decreasing trend in lacquer diets. The serum triglycerides and total cholesterol levels were not influenced with lacquer in the diets; however, the serum glucose level was linearly decreased with the addition of lacquer. In conclusion, lacquer meal supplementation significantly affected the performance of layers fed high-energy diets.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.67 no.5
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• pp.493-504
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• 2018

In this paper, the tensile failure behaviour of transversally bedding layers was numerically simulated by using particle flow code in two dimensions. Firstly, numerical model was calibrated by uniaxial, Brazilian and triaxial experimental results to ensure the conformity of the simulated numerical model's response. Secondly, 21 circular models with diameter of 54 mm were built. Each model contains two transversely bedding layers. The first bedding layer has low mechanical properties, less than mechanical properties of intact material, and second bedding layer has high mechanical properties, more than mechanical properties of intact material. The angle of first bedding layer, with weak mechanical properties, related to loading direction was $0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $75^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ while the angle of second layer, with high mechanical properties, related to loading direction was $90^{\circ}$, $105^{\circ}$, $120^{\circ}$, $135^{\circ}$, $150^{\circ}$, $160^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$. Is to be note that the angle between bedding layer was $90^{\circ}$ in all bedding configurations. Also, three different pairs of the thickness was chosen in models; i.e., 5 mm/10 mm, 10 mm/10 mm and 20 mm/10 mm. The result shows that In all configurations, shear cracks develop between the weaker bedding layers. Shear cracks angel related to normal load change from $0^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$ with increment of $15^{\circ}$. Numbers of shear cracks are constant by increasing the bedding thickness. It's to be note that in some configuration, tensile cracks develop through the intact area of material model. There is not any failure in direction of bedding plane interface with higher strength.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.391-397
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• 2015

Two hundred and sixteen Institut de S$\acute{e}$lection Animale (ISA) brown layers (40 wks of age) were studied for 6 wks to examine the effect of microalgae powder (MAP) on egg production, egg quality, blood lipid profile, and fatty acid concentration of egg yolk. Dietary treatments were as follows: i) CON (basal diet), ii) 0.5% MAP (CON+0.5% Schizochytrium powder), and iii) 1.0% MAP (CON+1.0% Schizochytrium powder). From 44 to 46 wks, egg production was higher in 1.0% MAP treatment than in control treatment (linear, p = 0.034); however, there was no difference on the egg production from 40 to 43 wks (p>0.05). Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly reduced in the groups fed with MAP, compared to those in groups fed with control diets (Quadratic, p = 0.034 and p = 0.039, respectively). Inclusion of 0.5% MAP in the diet of layers improved egg yolk color, compared with hens fed with basal diet at 46 wks (quadratic, p = 0.044). Eggshell thickness was linearly increased in MAP-fed treatments at 46th wk (p<0.05). Concentration of yolk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) was increased in treatment groups fed with MAP (linear, p<0.05). The n-6 fatty acids, n-6/n-3 fatty acid, and unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid were decreased in treatment groups fed with MAP (linear, p<0.05). These results suggest that MAP improved the egg production and egg quality, and may affect serum lipid metabolites in the layers. In addition, MAP increases yolk DHA levels, and deceases n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 1974

Five cases of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia were repaired in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, during the period from 1967 to 1974. The first case, a 14-year aid girl, was diagnosed as diaphragmatic hernia during laparotomy because of jejunal perforation 3 days after traffic accident. Herniated stomach, transverse colon, spleen and left lobe of the liver were repositioned and the diaphragmatic rupture on left posterolateral portion was repaired with two layers of nonabsorbable sutures by transthoracic approach. The second case, a 26-year old man,was diagnosed immediately after traffic accident at a local clinic and transferred to this hospital 24 hours later. Herniated stomach, transverse colon and jejunum were repositioned amd diaphragmatic rupture,about 9 cm in length,from the posterolat.edge to the base of pericardium was sutured in two layers. The third case, a 26-year old man who had stab wound on the left lower lateral chest two years ago,was admitted with sudden abdominal pain and vomiting. Upper gastrointestinal series with barium meal revealed diaphragmatic hernia. The herniated stomach and transverse colon through the defect,about 3.5cm in diameter, at anterolateral portion on the left side,were repositioned and repaired with two layers of nonabsorbable sutures. The forth case, a 26-year old man, sustained blunt trauma to the chest by a roller and was transferred to the emergency room complaining of dyspnea 40 minutes after the accident. The diaphragmatic rupture extended from left midaxillary line to contralateral anterior axillary line,about 20cm long, at anterior portion of diaphragm, which was repaired with two layers, of nonabsorbable sutures. The fifth case, a 4-year old girl, had two separate diaphragmatic ruptures on both sides, which were caused by traffic accident. Immediate upper gastrointestinal series after injury showed herniated stomach, colon and spleen into left Chest cavity. Another small rupture with anterior edge of right lobe of the liver in chest cavity was noted. These were repaired with non-absorbable sutures via thoracotomy.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.5 no.1 s.14
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• pp.39-43
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• 2006

The polyvinyl series organic films as gate insulators of thin film transistor(TFT) have been processed and characterized on the polyether sulphone (PES) substrates . The poly-4-vinyl phenol(PVP) and polyvinyl toluene (PVT) were used as solutes and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate(PGMEA) as a solvent in the formation of organic insulators. The cross-linking of organic insulators was also attempted by adding the thermosetting material, poly (melamine-co-formaldehyde) as a hardener in the compound. The electrical characteristics measured in the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structures showed that insulating properties of PVP layers were generally superior to those of PVT layers. Among the layers of PVP series; copolymer PVP(10 wt%), 5wt% cross-linked PVP(10 wt%), copolymer PVP(20 wt%), 5 wt% cross-linked PVP(20 wt%) and 10 wt% cross-linked PVP(20 wt%), the 10 wt% cross-linked PVP(20 wt%) layer showed the lowest leakage current of 1.2 pA at ${\pm}10V$. The ms value of surface roughness and the capcitance per unit area are 2.41 and $1.76nF/cm^2$ in the case of 10 wt% cross-linked PVP(20 wt%) layer, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.32A no.5
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• pp.737-748
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• 1995

In this paper, we studyed the variables in the design of multichip memory modules with 4M$\times$1bit DRAM chips to construct high capacity and high speed memory modules. The configuration of the module was 8 bit, 16 bit, and 32 bit DRAM modules with employing 0.6 W, 70 nsec 4M$\times$1 bit DRAM chips. We optimized routing area and wiring density by performing the routing experiment with the variables of the chip allocation, module I/O terminal, the number of wiring, and the number of mounting side of the chips. The multichip module was designed to be able to accept MCM-L techiques and low cost PCB materials. The module routing experiment showed that it was an efficient way to align chip I/O terminals and module I/O terminals in parallel when mounting bare chips, and in perpendicular when mounting packaged chips, to set module I/O terminals in two sides, to use double sided substrates, and to allocate chips in a row. The efficient number of wiring layer was 4 layers when designing single sided bare chip mounting modules and 6 layers when constructing double sided bare chip mounting modules whereas the number of wiring layer was 3 layers when using single sided packaged chip mounting substrates and 5 layers when constructing double sided packaged chip mounting substrates. The most efficient configuration was to mount bare chips on doubled substrates and also to increase the number of mounting chips. The fabrication of memory multichip module showed that the modules with bare chips can be reduced to a half in volume and one third in weight comparing to the module with packaged chips. The signal propagation delay time on module substrate was reduced to 0.5-1 nsec.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.672-679
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• 2014

To improve sensing capability of infrared, heat-resistance and mechanical properties, the $SiO_2$ and $TiO_2$ anti-reflective layers were coated on sapphire substrate by MOCVD. The standard wavelength was 4,600nm, and the thickness of anti-reflective layers were 379 and 758nm in case of ${\lambda}/4$ and ${\lambda}/2$ of incident angle($65^{\circ}$), respectively. The $SiO_2$ and $TiO_2$ anti-reflective layers were coated 12.6 and 9.7nm/min of deposition rates by increasing oxygen pressure to set the ideal refractive index of 1.283. In case of $SiO_2({\lambda}/2)$ coating, the transmittance increased from 55.0 to 62.7%. The transmittance of $TiO_2({\lambda}/2)$ anti-reflective layer also increased from 55.0 to 64.8%. The flexural strength of $SiO_2({\lambda}/2)$ and $TiO_2({\lambda}/2)$ layer coated sapphire increased from 337.8 to 362.9 and 371.8MPa, respectively. The flexural strength at $500^{\circ}C$ of these materials also increased respectively to 304.5, 358.2MPa from 265.9MPa. From these results, we confirmed these materials can be used as transmission window of infrared light.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2000

As a semiconductor material for electronic devices operated under extreme environmental conditions, silicon carbides (SiCs) have been intensively studied because of their excellent electrical, thermal and other physical properties. The growth characteristics of single- crystalline 6H-SiC homoepitaxial layers grown by a thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were investigated. Especially, the successful growth condition of 6H-SiC homoepitaxial layers using a SiC-uncoated graphite susceptor that utilized Mo-plates was obtained. The CVD growth was performed in an RF-induction heated atmospheric pressure chamber and carried out using off-oriented ($3.5^{\circ}$tilt) substrates from the (0001) basal plane in the <110> direction with the Si-face side of the wafer. In order to investigate the crystallinity of grown epilayers, Nomarski optical microscopy, transmittance spectra, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, Photoluninescence (PL) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized. The best quality of 6H-SiC homoepitaxial layers was observed in conditions of growth temperature $1500^{\circ}C$ and C/Si flow ratio 2.0 of $C_3H_8$ 0.2 sccm & $SiH_4$ 0.3 sccm.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 2003

Three piston cores. obtained from the northwestern Ulleung Basin of the East Sea, are analyzed to study the tephrostratigraphy of the late Quaternary core sediments and to reveal the comparative characteristics of the tephra layers. The cores consist mainly of the muddy sediments that are partly interbedded with lapilli tephra and ash layers. The muds are further divided into hemipelagic and turbiditic mud facies. The hemipelagic facies is dominated by bioturbated mud and crudely laminated mud, whereas the turbiditic facies includes mainly thinly laminated mud and homogeneous mud, and often alternates with non-turbiditic muds. According to microscopic observation and EDX analysis, three tephra layers of the Ulleung-Oki (U-Oki; ca. 9.3 ka), Aira-Tanzawa (AT: ca. 22~24.7 ka) and Ulleung-Yamato (U-Ym; ca. 25~33 ka) are identified in the study cores. Among these, the U-Oki and U-Ym layers, originating from the Ulleung Island, consist mainly of massive-type glass shards with alkali feldspar. Both of the tephra layers contain a lower content of SiO$_2$ (57~66.5 wt.%) and a higher content of Na$_2$O+K$_2$O (11~16 wt.%) than the AT layer (SiO$_2$=75~78.5 wt.%, Na$_2$O+K$_2$O=6.5~9 wt.%) that consists of typical plane-type and/or bubble-wall glass grains. Compared with that of the U-Ym layer, a sedimentary facies of the U-Oki layer is very thick and contains three stratigraphic units, probably due to relatively large and different supplies of pyroclastic sediments. Thus, the eruption of Ulleung Volcano (ca. 7,300 B.C.) is thought to have had a more powerful effect on depositional environment than the U-Ym eruption.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1769-1774
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• 2005

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of feeding green tea powder on laying performance and egg quality in hens. A total 180 'Tetran Brown' laying hens aged 40 weeks were assigned to 6 treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment consisted of five replicates accommodating six layers per replication. The experimental diets were a negative control containing no green tea, a positive control diet containing antibiotics (0.05% chlortetracycline) and diets containing 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% green tea powder. Egg production rate of layers fed the diets containing green tea powder did not differ significantly from that of the negative and positive controls (p>0.05). Egg weight was decreased significantly in the group fed the diet containing 0.5% green tea powder (p<0.05). Feed intake of layers was significantly higher for the diet containing 1.5% green tea powder compared to that of negative and positive control diets (p<0.05). The eggshell thickness reduced significantly in the layer group fed the diets containing green tea powder regardless of dietary levels (p<0.05). Green tea powder tended to reduce egg yolk cholesterol in this experiment. Particularly, dietary 2% level of green tea powder significantly suppressed the cholesterol contents of the egg yolk (p<0.05). Thiobarbituric acid value (TBA) of egg yolk was significantly reduced by green tea diets (p<0.05). The yellowness of egg yolk was increased in the layers fed the 2.0% green tea diet compared with that of control diet (p<0.005). The Linoleic and $\alpha$-linolenic acids tended to increase in the group fed diets containing 1.5% green tea powder even though there were no significant differences among treatments (p>0.05). The oleic and docosahexaenoic acid contents of the egg yolk were similar among treatments (p>0.05). Based on the results of the experiment, it is concluded that green tea powder inclusion in the diet for layers at 2.0% level can reduce the cholesterol content and TBA value of the egg yolk, implying its potential effect on egg quality parameters.