• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.574-581
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• 2023

A scheme is proposed to generate triangular waveforms with alterable symmetry. The key component is a cascaded single-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (SD-MZM) and optical polarization beam splitter-combiner architecture. In this triangular waveform generator, the bias-induced phase shift, modulation index and controllable delay difference are changeable. To generate triangular waveform signals with different symmetry indexes, different combinations of these variables are selected. Compared with the previous schemes, this generator just contains one SD-MZM and the balanced photodetector (BPD) is not needed, which means the costs and energy consumption are significantly reduced. The operation principle of this triangular waveform generator has been theoretically analyzed, and the corresponding simulation is conducted. Based on the theoretical and simulated results, some experiments are demonstrated to prove the validity of the scheme. The triangular waveform signals with a symmetry factor range of 20-80% are generated. Both experiment and theory prove the feasibility of this method.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Small wetlands in an upland matrix can support diverse vegetation composition that increase both local and regional species richness. In this study we characterize the full range of wetland vegetation in an upland forest landscape at Dumyeong-ri, Gijang-gun, Busan. This wetland index can be calculated with species data, or with community type data as performed. Classified community types were used to describe vegetation at three wetlands and adjacent areas. The communities contained 28 species of vascular plants and 28 species were identified four plant community types. The Pinus densiflora type was dominated by Pinus densiflora and contained only four species. None of the plots had high proportion of standing water. The Carpinus laxiflora type had high obligate upland species (OU) and facultative upland species (FU). The Rhododendron mucronulatum type grew in over half of the plots included Pinus densiflora and Alnus japonica. Some species bother swampy areas adjacent to site C. The Miscanthus sacchariflorus type consisted of seasonal wetlands. The three sites contained nine species with the strongest indicator species being Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Miscanthus sinensis, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Sagittaria aginashi. This type had the highest proportions of obligate wetland species. Plant species richness averaged 5.069. Shannon-Weaver index of diversity also varied among the community types (F=22.7, df=4, 115), with the types FU having significantly higher value (2.746) than the others (1.057 for type FW and 1.600 for type OU). Regional plans including all of the diverse types of wetland vegetation in upland forests will contribute substantially to the conservation of plant diversity.

• CELLMED
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.16.1-16.5
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• 2012

Fever in cancer patients is often due to the following causes: evil qi and toxity stagnancy, disorders of qi and blood, deficiencies of zang and fu organs, and the disorder of yin and yang. The treatments given to cancer patients with a fever are according to five: (a) Excessive inner heat and toxicants: remove heat and the toxicant, induce purgation. We use Cheng-Qi-Tang plus Qing-Wen-Bai-Du-Yin. (b) Tangle of damp and heat, and qi stagnancy: remove damp and heat, smooth the qi channel. We use Gan-Lu-Xiao-Du-Dan or San-Ren-Tang. (c) Obvious blood and heat stagnancy: remove heat and blood stasis. We use Xue-Fu- Zhu-Yu-Tang. (d) Deficiency of spleen qi, inner heat caused by a yin deficiency: nourish spleen qi and yin to remove the inner heat. We use Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang or Xiao-Jian-Zhong-Tang. (e) Prominent yin deficiency and hectic fever: replenish yin and remove inner heat. We use Qing-Hao-Bie-Jia-Tang or Chai- Qian-Mei-Lian-San. The pathogenesis of fever in cancer patients is complicated. We can see both deficiency and excess in one differentiation. Therefore, we must make sure of it, then we can get the most effective treatment.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.108-116
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• 2012

In this study, to develop hair growth agents using natural products which has excellent ability to promote hair growth effect and fewer side effect, animal experiment and clinical trials was performed to evaluate hair growth promotion effect of herbal product containing $Rosa$ $mutiflora$ roots extracts as a main component (RMHP). 4-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were removed the dorsal hair using thioglycolate, and applied 15% EtOH solution as a negative control, 5% minoxidil as a positive control and RMHP to dorsal skin. In the results of macroscopy and photo-interpretation, RMHP group recorded 100% (+++++) of hair growth was proved to significantly stimulate hair growth against 80% (++++) negative control group. 37 patients were treated with RMHP and evaluated the therapeutic effect at 16 weeks. Hair density was significantly increased at 16 weeks after applying RMHP ($125.0{\pm}4.9\;FU/cm^2$) compared to before treatment ($104.3{\pm}4.7\;FU/cm^2$, p < 0.05), and hair thickness were also significantly increased ($0.066{\pm}0.003$ mm) than before treatment ($0.055{\pm}0.002$ mm, p < 0.05). The result of clinical photo-interpretation using 7-point rating scale assessment, after 16 weeks clinical symptoms were evaluated to significantly improve with $1.23{\pm}0.05$ (p < 0.05). Therefore, the results of this study were observed that RMHP have hair loss prevention effect and hair growth promotion effect to hair loss patients.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.5
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• pp.79-95
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• 1996

When we see normal gait, gait cycle is seperated as stance phase and swing phase. It needs 6 determinant of gait of pelvic rotation, pelvic tilt, knee joint of stance phase, ankle and foot motion, ankle and knee motion, and pelvic movement to be accomplished. In addition, a joint and muscle action is accomplished biomechanically at the same time with its gait cycle. In oriental medicine, the relationships between chang-fu physiology and meridian physiology are summaried as follows ; ${\bullet}$ chang-fu physiology : Spleen manages the extremities. Liver manages soft tissues. Liver stores blood. Kidney stores essences. Kidney manages bones. ${\bullet}$ meridian physiology : The Leg Greater Yang Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Yang-Myeong Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Lesser Yang Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Greater Yin Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Lesser Yin Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Absolute Yin Meridian and meridian soft tissues Especially, we can find out relations between in a "blood supplied feet can walk well" that explains "blood regulations and by liver nourishing effects"that is the closest concept of muscle. Abnormal gaits are due to three causes as following; first, physical defect secoud, pain third, nervous system or instability of muscle. In oriental medicine, we can know relationship in "atrophy, numbness, stroke, convulsion, muscular dystrophy of knee, rheumatoid arthritis, five causes of infantile growing defects, five causes of softening, sprain". Especially, atrophy is the most important symptom. Gait evaluation should be emphasized where a point can walk 8 feet to 10 feet considering stride width, stride length, the body weight center, stride number, flexion, extension, rotation of a joint as a standard factor. The point is we should find out something strange in a patient's side, front and back view. After that we should find out its cause as an index that we can observe abnormal findings in a joint and muscle.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.1230-1239
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• 2019

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi has been widely used in China for treatment of various diseases. This study investigated the effect of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts (SBE) against Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, Hela cells and primary myocardial cells were infected with CVB3 and treated with SBE ($50-800{\mu}g/ml$) and ribavirin ($200{\mu}M$) for 48 h and then determined by CCK8 assay. Real-time PCR and western blotting assays were performed. In vivo, a myocarditis model was induced in male BALB/c mice by injecting CVB3 suspension intraperitoneally for three times, followed by treatment with SBE (400 and 200 mg/kg) and ribavirin (100 mg/kg) for 28 days. SBE ameliorated the cytotoxicity of CVB3 in Hela cells, especially at $400{\mu}g/ml$ (39.93% vs 65.67%, p < 0.05) without influencing cell growth and also significantly reduced CVB3 replication in primary myocardial cells. The levels of AKT, ERK, and p38 were increased after CVB3 infection. SBE could downregulate the expressions of AKT and p38. In vivo, the mortality rate from CVB3 reached to 66.67%, while 10.00% and 23.33% of this came after 400 and 200 mg/kg SBE treatment, respectively (p < 0.05). The CVB3 replication was obviously reduced after SBE administration from day 5. Similarly, the levels of AKT, ERK, and p38 mRNAs and proteins were increased, and SBE suppressed the expression of AKT and p38. Our study indicates that SBE is a promising potent antiviral agent against CVB3-induced myocarditis by inhibition of virus replication via depressing AKT and p38 expressions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.959-963
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• 2015

Purpose: To find parameters that can increase alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) sensitivity and so help in accurate diagnosis and rapid management of hepatocullular carcinoma (HCC), as AFP has limited utility of distinguishing HCC from benign hepatic disorders for its high false-positive and false negative rates. Materials and Methods: Serum levels of AFP, 5'-nucleotidase enzyme activity (5-NU) and leucine aminopeptidase enzyme (LAP) activity were measured in 40 individuals. Results: LAP and 5'NU were elevated in HCC at p<0.001. Pearson correlation coefficients showed that changes in AFP exhibited positive correlation with both 5'-NU and LAP at (p<0.001). The complementary use of LAP only with AFP resulted in an increase in sensitivity of AFP from 75% to 90% in detecting HCC. The complementary use of both LAP and 5-NU with AFP resulted in an increased sensitivity of AFP in detecting HCC from 75% to 95%. Conclusions: LAP and 5-FU can be determined in HCC patients in combination with AFP to improve its sensitivity and decrease false negative results.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2011

The replication competent adenoviral vector (AV), AdLPCDIRESE1A was generated and reported previously to have cytotoxic effects in some cell lines. In AdLPCDIRESE1A, the expression of cytosine deaminse (CD) and E1A genes are under the control of tumor-specific L-plastin promoter. CD enzyme can deaminate the nontoxic prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to the toxic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). E1A gene is essential for viral replication. Primary liver cancer, most of which is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the third common leading cancer in Korea. Thus, we have conducted in vitro preclinical study to evaluate effectiveness of AdLPCDIRESE1A on HCC. The efficacy of cytotoxicity was measured by generation of cytopathic effect (CPE) and cell counting. We infected HepG2 cells with various MOI of vector alone or concurrent with 5-FC. Exposure of cells to AdLPCDIRESE1A generated a significant cytotoxic effect as compared to the control. Almost 83% of the cell had manifested the characteristic cytotoxic effect on day 9 after infection of cells with 10 MOI of vector. We also observed the additive cytotoxic effects when AdLPCDIRESE1A vector had been coadministrated with 5-FC. The results suggest that the use of AdLPCDIRESE1A/5FC may be value in treatment of liver cancer. Further animal studies are needed for clinical trial.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.600-606
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• 2012

A Bacillus sp. that produces fibrinolytic enzyme was isolated from Cheonggukjang, a traditional Korean soybean-fermented food. According to 16S rRNA gene base sequencing, the bacillus was identified as a variety of Bacillus subtilis, and named Bacillus subtilis IDCC 9204. Fibrinolytic enzyme NK-IL9204 was stable up to $60^{\circ}C$ and within pH range of 5-10. Purified NK-IL9204 was detected through fibrin zymography. The molecular weight and isoelectric point of the enzyme were estimated to be 27.7 kDa and 6.7 by SDS-PAGE and 2D electrophoresis, respectively. Its amino acid sequence was similar to that of nattokinase (identities 99.5%) and different from that of nattokinase BPN (identities 86.4%). The plasma fibrinolytic activity of NK-IL9204 was measured by euglobulin clot lysis times (ECLT). The NK-IL9204 was orally administered to SD rats for 3 weeks (1,000 FU/rat/day). The ECLT was significantly shortened by supplementation of NK-IL9204.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.118-124
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• 2013

Purpose: The optimal treatment of advanced maxillary sinus cancer has been challenging for several decades. Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) for head and neck cancer has been controversial. We have analyzed the long-term outcome of neoadjuvant IAC followed by radiation therapy (RT) and surgery. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven patients with advanced maxillary sinus cancer were treated between 1989 and 2002. Five-fluorouracil (5-FU, $500mg/m^2$) was infused intra-arterially, and followed by RT (total 50.4 Gy/28 fractions). A planned surgery was performed 3 to 4 weeks after completion of IAC and RT. Results: At a median follow-up of 77 months (range, 12 to 169 months), the 5-year rates of overall survival in all patients were 63%. The 5-year rates of overall survival of stage T3/T4 patients were 70.0% and 58.8%, respectively. Seven of fourteen patients with disease recurrence had a local recurrence alone. The 5-year actuarial local control rates in patients with stage T3/T4, and in all patients were 20.0%, 32.3%, and 27.4%, respectively. Overall response rate after the completion of IAC and RT was 70.3%. During the follow-up, seven patients (25.9%) showed mild to moderate late complications. The tumor extent (i.e., the involvement of either orbit and/or base of skull) appeared to be related with local recurrence. Conclusion: Neoadjuvant IAC with 5-FU followed by RT and surgery may be effective to improve local tumor control in the patients with advanced maxillary sinus cancer. However, local failure was still the major cause of death. Further investigations are required to determine the optimal treatment schedule, radiotherapy techniques and chemotherapy regimens.