• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5721-5724
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• 2012

We conducted this study to detect associations between XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XPD Lys751Gln genotypes and survival of colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-FU/oxalipatin chemotherapy. We included 289 Chinese patients with advanced colorectal cancer, who had received 5-FU/oxalipatin chemotherapy as first-line treatment from January 2005 to January 2007. All patients were followed up till Nov. 2011. Genotyping for XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XPD Lys751Gln polymorphisms was based upon duplex polymerase-chain-reaction with the PCR-RFLP method. In our study, we found the XRCC1 399 Gln/Gln genotype to confer significantly higher rates of response to chemotherapy when compared to the Arg/Arg genotype [OR (95% CI)= 2.56(1.57-2.55)]. patients with the XPD 751 Gln/Gln genotype had significantly higher rates of response to chemotherapy [OR (95% CI)= 1.54(0.87-2.65)] and those with the XRCC1 399 Gln/Gln genotype had a longer average survival time and significantly lower risk of death than did those with the Arg/Arg genotype [HR (95% CI)= 0.66(0.36-0.95)]. Similarly, those carrying the XPD 751Gln/Gln genotype had 0.51-fold the risk of death of those with XPD 751Lys/Lys [HR (95% CI)= 0.51(0.33 -0.94)]. In conclusion, it is suggested that the XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XPD Lys751Gln polymorphisms should be routinely assessed to determine colorectal patients who are more likely to benefit from 5-FU/oxalipatin chemotherapy.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.70-72
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• 2017

A 41-year old woman with dysphagia visited, which was aggravated after eating. On physical examination, there was a palpable mass on the left supraclavicular area. Endoscopic examination revealed a mass on the distal esophagus with irregular mucosa, erythema and a whitish plaque with luminal narrowing. The patient was diagnosed with unresectable esophageal cancer (squamous cell carcinoma, T3N2M1, Stage IV). The patient received CCRT (total 63 Gy) with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). After CCRT, the patient took an additionally 2 cycles of chemotherapy for consolidation (cisplatin and 5-FU every 4 weeks). After additional chemotherapy, endoscopic examination showed no residual tumor, a chest CT scan revealed that the mass in the distal esophagus had decreased and there was no enlargement of the lymph nodes around the left supraclavicular area. The patient has been in complete remission for 5 years.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.243-247
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• 2006

$\underline{Purpose}$: To evaluate the treatment results and prognostic factors of palliative radiation therapy in the patients with unresectable advanced pancreatic cancer. $\underline{Materials\;&\;Methods$: Thirty-seven evaluable patients with unresectable advanced pancreatic cancer who were treated by palliative radiation therapy for pain relief at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Kangnam St. Mary's hospital, the Catholic University of Korea between March 1984 and February 2005 were analysed retrospectively. There were 22 men and 15 women. Age at diagnosis ranged from 30 to 80 (median 57) years. Twelve patients (32.4%) had liver metastases and 22 patients (59.5%) had lymph node metastases. Radiation therapy was delivered to primary tumor and regional lymph nodes with $1{\sim}2\;cm$ margin, and total dose was $3,240{\sim}5,580\;cGy$ (median 5,040 cGy). Chemotherapy with radiotherapy was delivered in 30 patients (81%) with 5-FU alone (21 patients) or gemcitabine (9 patients). The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 44 months. Survival and prognostic factors were analysed using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test respectively. $\underline{Results}$: Overall mean and median survival were 11 and 8 months and 1-year survival rate was 20%. Among 33 patients who were amenable for response evaluation, 7 patients had good response and 22 patients had fair response with overall response rate of 87.9%. Mild to moderate toxicity were observed in 14 patients with nausea, vomiting, and indigestion, but severe toxicity requiring interruption of treatment were not observed. Chemotherapy didn't influence the survival and symptomatic palliation, but the group containing gemcitabine showed a tendency of longer survival (median 12 months) than 5-FU alone group (median 5.5 months) without statistical significance (p>0.05). The significant prognostic factors were Karnofsky performance status and liver metastasis (p<0.05). Age, sex, tumor location, lymph node metastasis, and CA 19-9 level did not show any prognostic significance (p>0.05). $\underline{Conclusion}$: Radiation therapy was effective for symptomatic palliation in the patients with unresectable advanced pancreatic cancer and would play an important part in the survival benefit with gemcitabine or other targeted agents.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2004

Purpose: We reported our preliminary result in 2001. At that time, the follow-up period was too short to evaluate the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer without serosal invasion. Therefore, we followed those patients for 66 months to determine the long-term effects of adjuvant chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the recurrence pattern, the survival rate, and the disease-specific survival of 135 patients by reviewing their medical records and calling the patients or their relatives. All enrolled patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis of efficacy. Results: The follow-up rate was $89.6\%$ (121/135), and the median follow-up duration was 66 months. Among the 135 patients, 4 relapsed in group 1 (5-FU+cisplatin), 7 in group 2 (mitomycin C+oral 5-FU), and 6 in group 3 (oral 5-FU only). The overall survival rate was $89\%$ in group 1, $84\%$ in group 2, and $82\%$ in group 3. There were no differences in the overall survival rates and the disease-specific survival rates among the three groups. Conclusion: Oral chemotherapeutic agents have an acceptable effect for adjuvant chemotherapy compared with intravenous agent. However, a large-scale, prospective, randomized study, including a control group, is needed for an exact evaluation.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.205-210
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• 2008

Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) has been widely used as carriers in controlled release delivery systems due to its biodegradability and relatively good biocompatibility. However, Release pattern of carriers fabricated using PLGA have disadvantage an initial burst within a few days, lag time several days and then sudden release changes. To solve these problems of PLGA, we fabricated PLGA wafer including monomer. Also, drug release behavior restraint sudden burst effect using recrystallization of PLGA. Recrystallized PLGA was characterized the morphological difference by SEM and in vitro release behavior measured by HPLC. The PLGA molecular weight analyzed to recognize monomer influence during degradation process of polymer using GPC. In this study, drug release duration cut short up to three days and was eliminated the lag time based on the bulk erosion.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5231-5235
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• 2013

Objective: NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is activated in several human malignancies. However, the role of Nrf2 in gastric cancer (GC) remains incompletely understood. In this study, we therefore analyzed associations of Nrf2 expression status with clinical features and chemotherapeutic resistance in GC. Materials and Methods: A total of 186 samples from GC patients who underwent gastrectomy were used for prognostic assessment. A further 142 samples from GC cases who received first-line combination chemotherapy were applied for investigation of chemoresistance. The Nrf2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in GC samples, and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and chemotherapy sensitivity was analyzed. The effect of Nrf2 gene silencing on chemotherapy resistance was also examined by cell viability assay in vivo. Results: Of the 186 patients with GC, 104/186 (55.9%) showed high expression for Nrf2. The overexpression of Nrf2 was an independent predictor of overall survival [OS, hazard ratio (HR) 3.9; P=0.011] and disease-free survival (DFS, HR 4.3; P=0.002). The gene silencing of Nrf2 reduced resistance to cell death induced by 5-FU in GC cell lines. Conclusion: Our data show that Nrf2 is an independent prognostic factor in GC. Furthermore, Nrf2 confers resistance to chemotherapeutic drug 5-FU in GC cells. Taken together, Nrf2 is a potential prognostic marker and predictive for 5-FU resistance in GC.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.395-400
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• 1990

The FU-fat conjugates(4a-e) as a prodrug have been synthesized by condensing various fatty acids(1a-e) via isocyanates(2a-e) as carbamoyl group at $N^1-position$ of 5-fluorouracil and their structures characterized. Preliminary testing for their antitumor effect was carried out on leukemia L1210 cells in culture. Most of them(4a-d) like the parent FU exhibited less than 50% inhibition on grouth of the cultrued cells at the concentration of $1\;{\times\;10^{-7}M$. Only a dicarboxylic acid derivative, 4e, showed over 50% inhibition at the same level.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1983.05a
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• pp.5.2-5
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• 1983

It is well known that laryngeal papilloma is histopathological benign, but clinically one of the most troublesome disease in otolaryngologic department, usually seen in child age. Since Cleesmann reported papilloma of the vocal cord, 1817 first, the etiology had not been known exactly. The symptoms in children are dyspnea, dysphonia due to recurrence, and papilloma in adult can change into neoplasm. The papilloma is thought as real neoplastic lesion and there is not effective treatment, using now repeated removal and combined therapy. This report is based on the typical findings and progress of one case of laryngeal papilloma observed for the past 13 years with repeated removal and topical application of 5-FU at our department. Authors have experienced this subject is interesting that the change of the tumor region during the course than to any new therapeutic methods employed, and so report with some reviews of the literatures.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 1998

Purpose : To evaluate survival rate and prognostic factors affecting survival of patients with esophageal cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiation. Materials and Methods : Eligibility included biopsy proven invasive carcinoma of the cervical or thoracic esophagus, confined to esophagus and mediastinum with or without regional lymph node and supraclavicular lymph node, and ECOG Performance status $H_0-H_2$. Patients received radiation therapy with 5940cGy over 7 weeks and chemotherapy, consisted of 5-FU(1000 $mg/m^2/day$ in continuous infusion for 5 days, days 1 to 5 and days 29 to 33) and mitomycin C($8mg/m^2$ intravenous bolus at day 1). After concurrent chemoradiation, maintenance chemotherapy was followed with 5-FU(1000 $mg/m^2/day$ in continuous infusion for 5 days at 9th, 13th, and 17th weeks) and cisplatin($80mg/m^2$ intravenous bolus at the first day of each cycle). Results : From November 1989 to November 1995, 44 patients were entered in this study. After treatment, complete response rate and partial response rate were $59\%$ and $41\%$. Overall 1, 2, and 5-year survivals were $59\%$, $38\%$, and $9.6\%$(median 17 months), Prognostic factors affecting survival were response to treatment and T-stage. Among 26 complete responders, there were 6 local recurrences, 3 distant recurrences, 1 local and distant recurrence, and 2 unknown site recurrences Acute and chronic complication rates with grade 3 or more were $20\%$ and $13.0\%$ and there was no treatment-related mortality. Conclusion : Concurrent chemoradiation, compared with historical control groups that treated with radiation alone, improved median survival and did not significantly increase treatment-related complications. Complete responders had longer survival duration than partial responders. Predominant failure pattern was local failure. So, efforts to improve local control should be proposed.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.19-30
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• 1993

The influence of emulsion type of tegafur, an oral anticancer agent, on lymphatic transport was studied in rats. The water-in-oil-type of emulsion and the oil-in-water-type emulsion of tegafur each in 50 mg, calculated in terms of tegafur, were prepared by adding tegafur aqueous solution to sesame oil containing hydrogenated castor oil following ultrasonic treatment, and then the prepared emulsions and aqueous solution as a comparative formulation were administered orally to rats (50 mg/5 ml/kg). The concentration levels of tegafur in plasma of femoral artery and lymph from thoracic duct cannula were measured simultaneously along a time course after administration and the pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated. At the same time, we examined the above described factors of 5-FU which is known as an active metabolite of tegafur. In comparison with tegafur solution, AUC and mean residence time of plasma tegafur were significantly increased in w/o-emulsion but significantly decreased in o/w-emulsion. Lymph flow rates were similar in both solution and w/o-emulsion but half in o/w-emulsion. Ratios between area under the lymph and plasma concentration time curves were always less than 1 reflecting the passive lymphatic delivery after oral administration of the prepared tegafur emulsions, but those to the 5-FU in the case of w/o-emulsion were more than 1. These results suggested that lymphatic delivery of tegafur by w/o-emulsion was more effective than that by o/w-emulsion due to its differences of formation ability of chylomicrons.