• Atmosphere
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.585-597
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• 2019

This study evaluates the performance of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in simulating temperature over the COordinated Regional climate Downscaling EXperiment-East Asia (CORDEX-EA) Phase 2 domain for the reference period (1981~2005), and assesses the changes in temperature and its extremes in the mid-21st century (2026~2050) under global warming based on Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios. MPI-ESM-LR forced by two RCP scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) is used as initial and lateral boundary conditions. Overall, WRF can capture the observed features of temperature distribution reflecting local topographic characteristic, despite some disagreement between the observed and simulated patterns. Basically, WRF shows a systematic cold bias in daily mean, minimum and maximum temperature over the entire domain. According to the future projections, summer and winter mean temperatures over East Asia will significantly increase in the mid-21st century. The mean temperature rise is expected to be greater in winter than in summer. In accordance with these results, summer (winter) is projected to begin earlier (later) in the future compared to the historical period. Furthermore, a rise in extreme temperatures shows a tendency to be greater in the future. The averages of daily minimum and maximum temperatures above 90 percentiles are likely to be intensified in the high-latitude, while hot days and hot nights tend to be more frequent in the low-latitude in the mid-21st century. Especially, East Asia would be suffered from strong increases in nocturnal temperature under future global warming.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.103-109
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• 2018

One of the 5G goals is provide to high data rates for users moving at high speeds, such as trains. High mobility scenarios such as high speed train (HST) scenarios are expected to be typical scenarios for fifth generation communication systems. As the HST develops rapidly, it is necessary to transmit wireless communication data to train passengers, and the communication speed required by users is gradually increasing. HST users require high network capacity and stable communication services regardless of the location or speed of the HST communication system. Therefore, a transmission frame is constructed for the 5G mobile communication system in the mm band to be used for the fifth generation mobile communication, the HST communication system is implemented, and the performance of the wideband non-stationary MIMO HST channel is analyzed in the HST scenario.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.11
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• pp.737-749
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• 2023

In this study, we analyzed the hydrological impacts of future climate change on Jeju Island using SSP-based climate change scenarios from 18 climate models and watershed modeling (SWAT-K). Despite discrepancies among climate models, we generally observed an increase in evapotranspiration due to rising future temperatures. Furthermore, a significant increase in runoff and recharge was noted due to increased precipitation. These increasing trends were particularly pronounced in the SSP5-8.5 scenario, and differences among GCM models became more significant in the late 21 century. When compared to the historical period (1981-2010), the projected changes for the far-future period (2071-2100) in the SSP5-8.5 scenario showed a 21.4% increase in precipitation, a 19.2% increase in evapotranspiration, a 40.9% increase in runoff, and a 16.6% increase in recharge on an annual average basis. On a monthly basis in the SSP5-8.5 scenario, precipitation was expected to increase by 24.5% in September, evapotranspiration by 34.1% in April, runoff by 58.1% in October, and recharge by 33.8% in September. To further assess projections based on extreme climate scenarios, we selected two models, CanESM5 and ACCESS-ESM1-5, which represented the maximum and minimum future precipitation forecasts, and compared the hydrological changes in the future scenarios. The results indicated that runoff and recharge rates were relatively higher in the CanESM5 model with the highest precipitation forecast, while evapotranspiration rates were higher in the ACCESS-ESM1-5 model with the lowest precipitation forecast. Based on the climate change scenarios used in this study, the overall available water resources on Jeju Island are more likely to increase. However, since results vary by season and region depending on the climate model and scenario, it is considered necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis and develop response measures using various scenarios.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.789-794
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• 2006

The potential impacts of climate change on heating and cooling energy demand were investigated by means of transient building energy simulations and hourly weather data scenarios for Inchon. Future trends for the 21 st century was assessed based oil climate change scenarios with 7 global climate models(GCMs), We constructed hourly weather data from monthly temperatures and total incident solar radiation ($W/m^2$) and then simulated heating and cooling load by Trnsys 16 for Inchon. For 2004-2080, the selected scenarios made by IPCC foresaw a $3.7-5.8^{\circ}C$rise in mean annual air temperature. In 2004-2080, the annual cooling load for a apartment with internal heat gains increased by 75-165% while the heating load fell by 52-71%. Our analysis showed widely varying shifts in future energy demand depending on the season. Heating costs will significantly decrease whereas more expensive electrical energy will be needed of air conditioning during the summer.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2019

The paper presents the results of a multi-criteria comparative evaluation of 12 feasible Russian nuclear energy deployment scenarios with thermal and fast reactors in a closed nuclear fuel cycle. The comparative evaluation was performed based on 6 performance indicators and 5 different MCDA methods (Simple Scoring Model, MAVT / MAUT, AHP, TOPSIS, PROMETHEE) in accordance with the recommendations elaborated by the IAEA/INPRO section. It is shown that the use of different MCDA methods to compare the nuclear energy deployment scenarios, despite some differences in the rankings, leads to well-coordinated and similar results. Taking into account the uncertainties in the weights within a multi-attribute model, it was possible to rank the scenarios in the absence of information regarding the relative importance of performance indicators and determine the preference probability for a certain nuclear energy deployment scenario. Based on the results of the uncertainty/sensitivity analysis and additional analysis of alternatives as well as the whole set of graphical and attribute data, it was possible to identify the most promising nuclear energy deployment scenario under the assumptions made.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.37-49
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• 2023

Rainfall data is one of the most important data in hydrologic modeling. In this study, the impacts of spatial resolution of precipitation data on hydrological responses were assessed using SWAT in the Santa Fe River Basin, Florida. High correlations were found between the FAWN and NLDAS rainfall data, which are observed weather data and simulated weather data based on observed data, respectively. FAWN-based scenarios had higher maximum rainfall and more rainfall days and events compared to NLDAS-based scenarios. Downstream areas showed lower correlations between rainfall and peak discharge than upstream areas due to the characteristics of study site. All scenarios did not show significant differences in base flow, and showed less than 5% of differences in high flows among NLDAS-based scenarios. The impact of resolution will appear differently depending on the characteristics of the watershed and topography and the applied model, and thus, is a process that must be considered in advance in runoff simulation research. The study suggests that applying the research method to watersheds in Korea may yield more pronounced results, and highlights the importance of considering data resolution in hydrologic modeling.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.205-216
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• 2015

The CMIP5 climate change scenarios from 34 GCMs were analyzed to quantitatively assess future changes in temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation against the global region and the Northeast Asia region with a focus on South Korea, North Korea, or Japan. The resulting projection revealed that the Northeast Asia region is subjected to more increase in temperature and precipitation than the global means for both. In particular, temperature and precipitation in North Korea were projected to increase about $5.1^{\circ}C$ and 18%, respectively under the RCP 8.5 scenario, as compared to the historical means for 30 years (1971-2000), although a large uncertainty still exists among GCMs. For solar radiation, global mean solar radiation was predicted to decrease with time in all RCP scenarios except for the RCP 2.6 scenario. On the contrary, it was predicted that the amount of solar radiation in the Northeast Asia increases in the future period.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.35-43
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• 2015

Recently, internal information leaks is increasing rapidly by internal employees and authorized outsourcing personnel. In this paper, we propose a method to integrate internal control systems like system access control system and Digital Rights Managements and so on through expansion model of SIEM(Security Information Event Management system). this model performs a analysis step of security event link type and validation process. It develops unit scenarios to react illegal acts for personal information processing system and acts to bypass the internal security system through 5W1H view. It has a feature that derives systematic integration scenarios by integrating unit scenarios. we integrated internal control systems like access control system and Digital Rights Managements and so on through expansion model of Security Information Event Management system to defend leakage of internal information and customer information. We compared existing defense system with the case of the expansion model construction. It shows that expanding SIEM was more effectively.

• Journal of Wind Energy
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2014

Reviewing the capacity and timing of Southwest sea offshore wind farms, additional farms developing, and potential farms, we devised the long-term plan of domestic offshore wind farms development. In order to rank many wind farms, we determined evaluation indicators and weights of priority. We applied economic and preliminary factors such as wind grade, depth of water, distance from substations, farms scale, MOU signed, and feasibility studies. After deciding the ranking of wind farms by the scores, we planed domestic long-term scenarios of offshore wind farms development to meet national energy policy objectives.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.273-282
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• 2015

This study suggested the adaptable plant species according to the change of warmth index (WI) through the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 & 8.5 climate change scenarios from 2010 to 2099 in Seoul areas. From the scenario analysis results, we expected to change from the cool temperate souther forest zone to the warm temperate forest zone. We found the following adaptable 27 plant species: 6 species in the tree layer, Quercus serrata, Q. variabilis, Pinus densiflora, Q. acutissima, Styrax japonica and P. thunbergii etc.; 7 species in the shrub layer, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Rhus trichocarpa, Callicarpa japonica, Rubus crataegifolius, Rosa multiflora, and Zanthoxylum piperitum etc.; 3 species in the herb layer, Oplismenus undulatifolius, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum, and Commelina communis ect;, 11 species in the vine plants Smilax china, Cocculus trilobus, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Lonicera japonica, Paederia scandens, Celastrus orbiculatus, Clematis apiifolia, Rubus parvifolius, Dioscorea batatas, Hydrangea serrata for. acuminata, Zelkova serrata etc.