• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 K 대학병원에 근무하는 방사선사들의 COVID-19 에 대한 일반적 특성, 감염 관련 특성, 지식 및 행위와 상관성이 있는 요인, 감염 예방 행위에 영향을 미치는 인자를 파악 하는 데 있다. 기본 연구는 서술적 조사연구로 2020년 3월 25일부터 6월 30일까지 K 대학병원에 근무하는 방사선사 50명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 대상자의 설문 조사로 일반적 및 감염 관련 특성은 빈도, 백분율을 산출하였고, Pearson's 상관계수 분석하였으며, 감염 예방 행위에 영향을 미치는 요인은 다중 회귀분석을 이용하였다. 통계 검정의 유의 수준은 0.05로 설정하여 P-값이 0.05 미만이면 유의하다고 해석하였다. 연구결과에서 나타난 COVID-19 감염 예방 행위 영향을 미치는 인자는 코로나 지식이 1점 오를 때 감염 예방 행위가 1.7점 올랐고, 전파경로 인식 수준이 1점 올랐을 때 감염 예방 행위가 11.3점 올랐으며, 불안정도 1점 올랐을 때 감염 예방 행위가 4.2 점 올랐다. 표준 회귀계수를 보면 예방하는데 지식, 전파경로 인식, 불안 중 가장 큰 영향을 주는 인자는 코로나의 전파경로 인식이었다. 감염 예방 행위의 영향요인으로는 코로나 지식, 전파 경로 인식과 불안이 감염 예방 가능성으로 나타나 코로나 유행 시 이 정보를 잘 이용하기를 기대한다.

• 대한작업치료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.57-72
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• 2018

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 지역사회 고령운전자의 인구사회학적 요인에 따른 자가보고식 운전능력 및 상관성을 파악하고 시각, 청각, 인지, 운동, 심리요인을 바탕으로 설정한 가설모형의 적합성을 검증하여 지역사회 고령운전자의 자가보고식 운전능력에 대한 경로모형을 제시하고자 함이었다. 연구방법 : 연구 대상은 만 65세 이상 지역사회 거주 고령운전자의 122명이었다. 대상자들의 시각과 청력, 운동기능, 인지기능, 우울 및 자가보고식 운전능력을 평가하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0을 사용하여 분석하고 가설모형의 검증을 위해 AMOS 22.0을 사용하여 경로분석을 시행하였다. 결과 : 연구결과 남성의 경우 여성보다 자가보고식 운전능력 점수가 높았으며 주간 운전일수 6~7일인 경우는 주 3일 이하에 비해 점수가 높았다. 면허취득 기간과 운전경력은 자가보고식 운전능력과 정적 상관성을 보였다. 경로모형의 적합성 결과 최종모형은 p값(.911)이 .05를 초과하며, TLI(1.202), NFI(.949), CFI(1.000)가 모두 .90이상이고 RMSEA(.000)는 0.1이하로 가설모형이 측정 자료에 잘 부합하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 첫째, 우울, 청력감퇴, 악력은 고령운전자의 자가보고식 운전능력에 직접적으로 영향을 주는 요인으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 나이는 우울, 악력에 직접적인 영향을 주고, 우울과 악력을 매개하여 자가보고식 운전능력에도 간접적으로 영향을 주고 있었다. 셋째, 우울은 인지처리지연과 악력에 직접적인 영향을 주었다. 결론 : 본 연구는 지역사회 고령운전자의 자가보고식 운전능력에 영향을 주는 요인들의 직 간접적인 관계를 파악하고 자가보고식 운전능력에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인들의 다차원적인 효과를 검증하였다는데 의의가 있었다.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2022

중금속은 첨가제 성분이나 오염으로 인해 식품용 플라스틱 기구 및 용기, 포장 제품에 유입되어 식품을 통해 인체로 노출될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 독성을 가진 7종의 중금속(납, 카드뮴, 니켈, 크롬, 안티몬, 구리, 망간)을 선정하고 국내 유통되는 16재질 137개 제품들에서의 이행량을 파악하여 위해도 평가를 수행하였다. 대상 검체들은 4% 초산을 식품모사용매(70℃, 30분)로 적용하여 이행시험을 수행하였다. 동시분석을 위해 유도결합플라즈마 질량분석법(ICP-MS)을 적용했으며 선형성, 검출 한계(LOD), 정량 한계(LOQ), 회수율, 정밀도를 측정하고 확장불확도를 산출하여 정량결과의 신뢰성을 확보하였다. 모니터링 결과, 전체적으로 불검출 (ND) ~ 8.76 ± 11.87 ㎍/L의 수준으로 검출되었으며, 대부분이 평균 1 ㎍/L 미만의 미량으로 확인되었다. 또한 안티몬이 PET 재질에서 다른 재질들에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높게(p < 0.05) 측정되었다. 마지막으로 위해도를 평가한 결과, 국내 유통되는 제품들의 중금속들은 인체안전기준 대비 모두 안전한 수준으로 유지되고 있는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.89-115
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• 1968

영양조건(營養條件)으로서 가리(加里)가 대사과정(代謝過程)의 활성화(活性化) 내지조정자(乃至調整者)라는 견지(見地)에서 가리공급수준과(加里供給水準) 생태적조정조건(生態的調整條件)이라고 볼 수 있는 온도주기성(溫度週期性)이 고구마 생육(生育)과 몇 가지 동위원소(同位元素) 동태(動態)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 살피었다. 역경배양하(礫耕培養下) 저수준가리구(低水準加里區)(3m.e/l)는 생장(生長)을 현저(顯著)히 억제(抑制)할 뿐 아니라 말기(末期)에는 대리(待異)한 생장점(生長點) 위조현상(萎凋現象) 등을 나타나게 하였다. 고수준가리구(高水準加里區)(14m.e/l) 특히 암기저온구(暗期低溫區)는 현저(顯著)한 초장(草丈), 마디수(數), 생체중증대(生體重增大)를 가져오고 질소효과와 비슷한 영양생장촉진생육상(營養生長促進生育相)을 나타냈으나 함유질소(含有窒素)를 분석(分析)한 결과 저수준가리구(低水準加里區)가 평균(平均) 2.86~3.23% 고수준가리구(高水準加里區)가 2.91~3.41%로서 큰 차이(差異)를 나타낸 것으로 볼 수 없다. 따라서 고수준가리구(高水準加里區)의 영양생장촉진형(營養生長促進型) 유도(誘導) 특히 초장촉진(草丈促進)은 가리(加里)가 질소흡수(窒素吸收)를 촉진(促進)한데 연유(然由)한 것이 아니라 가리자체(加里自體)의 효과로 보인다. 저수준가리구(低水準加里區)에서는 괴근형성(塊根形成)이 불능(不能)하였지만 고수준가리구(高水準加里區)에서는 영양생장촉진생육상(營養生長促進生育相)에 수반하며 질소효과와는 달리 후기(後期)에는 괴근형성(塊根形成)도 왕성(旺盛)하였다. 고수준가리구중(高水準加里區中)에서도 암기저온구(暗期低溫區)에서는 더욱 영양생장촉진경향(營養生長促進傾向)이 원저(願著)하고 암기고온구(暗期高溫區)에서는 지상부대지하부비(地上部對地下部比), 또는 괴근비(塊根比)가 월등(越等)하여 원래(元來)의 온도주기성(溫度週期性)의 효과가 고수준가리(高水準加里)에 의(依)하며 변화(變化)된 것으로 보인다. 인(燐)-32 가리(加里)-42의 개체당(個體當) 흡수(吸收) 및 흡수율(吸收率)은 고수준(高水準) 가리구(加里區)에서 현저(顯著)하고 특(特)히 괴근형성기(塊根形成期) 및 괴근생성(塊根生成)이 가장 왕성(旺盛)한 구(區)에서 증대(增大)되고 있나 p-32보다 k-42동태(動態)가 이점(點)에 관하여 더 활발(活潑)한 것을 볼 수 있다. 저수준가리구(低水準加里區)에서는 P-32, K-42의 지상부(地上部)로의 이동(移動)이 억제(抑制)되고 고수준가리구(高水準加里區)에서는 촉진(促進)되고 있다. 즉 가리(加里)가 인(燐)-32와 가리(加里)-42의 지상부전이(地上部轉移) 특(特)히 생장점(生長點)으로의 전이(轉移)에 밀접(密接)한 관계(關係)를 가지고 있다. 가리함량(加里含量)은 고수준가리구(高水準加里區)에서 높고 근신장기(根伸長期)보다 괴근형성기(塊根形成期)에 감에 따라 증가(增加)되고 있지만 인산함량(燐酸含量)은 별차이(別差異)가 없고 나토리움함량(含量)은 가리(加里)와 대조적(對照的)으로 정반대(正反對)의 경향(傾向)을 나타내고 있다. 가리(加里)는 온도주기성(溫度週期性)의 관여하(關與下) 고구마생장(生長)에 지리(持異)한 효과를 나타내고 또 P-32, K-42이동(移動)등 기본적(基本的) 대사과정(代謝過程)에 관여(關與)하기 때문에 공급량(供給量)이나 조건(條件)에 따라서 다양적효과를 가질 수 있는 영양요소(營養要素)라고 본다. 본연구(本硏究)를 지도(指導)하신 조백현원자력위원(趙伯顯原子力委員)과 협조(協調)하여주신 국제원자력기구(國際原子力機構) 및 가리연구회(加里硏究會)에 심사(深謝)한다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2007

목 적: 방사선치료 중 환자의 자세나 해부학적 구조상 장기의 움직임과 치료 시 환자를 조준하면서 치료부위의 변화가 다양하게 발생할 수 있다. 이와 같은 요인은 종양부위나 정상조직에 대한 선량분포에 영향을 미치게 된다. 이는 치료계획용전산 화장비에 의해 계산된 선량이 실제임상 치료 시 서로 다른 선량이 조사될 수 있다. 인체의 생리학적인 움직임과 장기 내의 움직임 등은 고정기구나 정확한 환자의 치료준비에 의해서 치료조준의 정확성을 높일 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 토모영상을 통해 육안적종양체적(Gross tumor volume, GTV)과 장기의 치료 간에 발생하는 차이점을 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 본원환자로서 직장풍선을 이용하여 치료하는 전립선암 환자 3명을 대상으로 하였고, 3달 동안 영상 자료를 수집 하였다. 각 환자마다 치료횟수 26회에 대한 토모영상을 획득하였고, 총 76회의 토모영상을 수집하였다. 각각의 토모영상은 전산화단층촬영모의치료(Computed tomography simulation, CT-simulation) 시의 중심점을 이용하였고, 매 치료 시 직장풍선에 60 cc의 공기주입 후 항문 가장자리에서 6 cm 깊이에 고정하여 전립선의 움직임을 고정시킨 후 치료 전에 토모영상을 획득하였다. 토모영상은 5 mm 두께로 영상을 획득하였다. 본 연구의 분석방법으로 CT-simulation와 MVCT (Megavoltage computed tomography, MVCT)의 융합을 위하여 납 볼을 이용하여, 토모치료의 3가지 영상융합방법으로 Bone technique, bone/tissue technique, full image technique을 이용하여 치료준비(setup)의 오차를 분석하였다. 영상융합은 눈에 보이는 납 볼 기준으로 융합하고, CT-simulation 시 획득한 영상에 MVCT에서 얻어진 영상을 융합하여, 뼈와 직장풍선, GTV을 매 치료 시 각각 비교하였다. 최초 CT-simulation 시 기준점을 중심으로 평균과 표준편차는 X, Y, Z, Roll에 대하여 각각의 환자를 분석하였다. 결 과: 분석결과 각각의 방법에 위해서 직장풍선의 변화는 확연히 다르게 나타났다. 정량적으로 뼈를 이용한 영상융합 결과 X방향으로 최대 8 mm, Y방향으로 4 mm의 움직임을 보였다. 직장풍선 기준으로 영상융합 한 결과 X, Y 방향으로 6 mm, 16 mm로 분석 되었다. 한 환자의 경우 16 mm 이상의 움직임을 보였는데, 이는 직장내의 공기나 분비물에 의한 움직임으로 분석 되었다. GTV 기준분석 결과 X 방향으로 2.7$\sim$6.6 mm, 4.3$\sim$7.8 mm가 Y방향으로 움직임을 보였다. 본 연구에서 Roll에 대한 분석결과 영상융합과 분석상에서 확연한 차이점은 없었다. 분석결과 뼈 기준의 분석결과 0.37$\pm0.36^{\circ}$, GTV 기준분석 결과 0.34$\pm0.38^{\circ}$의 회전을 보였다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2010

企业社会责任已经成为学者们进行研究的一个重要课题. 多数认为企业社会责任对企业去定义他们在社会中的责任是必要的, 并且为他们的商业活动提供社会和道德标准. 其结果是, 相当数量的零售商已经采用企业社会责任为一个战略工具来宣传他们的商业活动. 为此, 本研究企图探索美国消费者在他们对零售商主观的感知和评估的基础上在道德购买和消费中的态度和行为. 本文的目的包括: 1)测定参与者对零售商企业社会责任的认知度. 2)评定参与者如何评估零售商企业社会责任. 3)测定参与者对零售商企业社会责任的评估过程是否影响他们对零售商的态度. 4)评定参与者对零售商企业社会责任的态度是否影响他们的购买行为. 本文并没有关注实际的零售商企业社会责任表现. 因为消费者的决定过程是基于个体的评定而不是实际的事实. 本研究调查了美国大学生对零售商企业社会责任的认知和评估. 本研究的参与者是56名来自美国东南大学的大学生. 他们的年龄在18岁到26岁之间. 使用开放性译码和选择性译码进行内容分析. 我们收集和分析了超过100张单倍行距的答复. 使用两步骤的译码(即开放性译码和选择性译码. 译码结果和分析笔记用来理解参与者对企业社会责任的认知和从书写的回复中提炼出来包括直接引用的答案所支持的伦理购买行为. 为保护参与者隐私, 这里使用的都是化名. 参与者被要求写下有关零售商, 他们对企业社会责任问题的认识和评估一个零售商的企业社会责任表现. 大部分应答者(n=28)表明他们对企业社会责任有一定的认识但是不觉得需要按这个要求去做. 少数应答者(n=8)表明他们对企业社会责任有一定的认识但是基本不关心. 结果表明当大学生评估零售商的几页社会责任表现时, 他们使用企业社会责任的三个纬度: 员工支持, 社区支持和环境支持. 我们发现如何对待和支持员工是一个评估零售商的企业社会责任的重要准则. 应答者表明作为一个员工和零售商有好的经历会使他们对此零售商有积极的感知和态度. 和员工支持相关的有四个主题: 根据员工表现的奖励和惩罚, 工作环境, 员工教育和训练课程, 以及员工和员工家人折扣. 良好的赏罚机制被认为是一个重要的属性. 和工作环境相关的因素包括: 零售商如何良好的遵守与工作时间相关的规则, 午餐时间和休息同样被认为是重要的属性之一. 有关社区支持, 有三个方面: 对当地社区销售比率的贡献, 对慈善组织的财政贡献和对社区大型活动的支持. 在环境方面, 有两个主题: 循环利用和销售有机或绿色产品. 在回复中有提到, 零售商正在尝试去做对环境友好所能做的. 一位应答者提到这个公司正在创造有环保设计的店铺. 并且能在这家公司的网站上轻松的找到为帮助环境所做的事情的信息. 应答者还注意到这些店铺可提供有机和亲环境产品. 应答者在此类中还提到关于这个公司如何使用环保的杯子和他们如何帮助新奥尔良的居民重建家园. 应答者注意到零售商为购买产品的消费者提供可再使用的袋子. 一位应答者说一家零售商通过提供有机棉来使他们的产品帮助环境. 在分析应答者之后, 我们发现参与者对零售商的企业社会责任的评估影响他们对零售商的态度. 然而, 在态度和购买行为之间有显著的差异. 尽管参与者对零售商的企业社会责任有积极的态度, 但资金和时间的缺乏也影响他们的购买行为. 总体来看, 一半的应答者(n=28)提到在购物时企业社会责任表现影响他们的购买决定. 本研究的结果为零售商针对消费者提高他们的形象而考虑企业社会责任提供了支持. 本研究暗示出消费者根据员工, 社区和环境三方面的支持来评估零售商. 评估, 态度和购买行为似乎是密切相关的. 也就是说, 评估是基于消费者对零售商企业社会责任的认识. 这些认识可以影响他们对零售商的态度从而进一步影响他们的购买行为. 参与者同时表明企业社会责任会使他们对零售商印象良好但是并不会影响他们的购买行为. 在参与者中, 价格和便利似乎超越了企业社会责任的重要性. 本文还讨论了此研究的启示, 对未来研究的建议和研究的局限.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제89권5호
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• pp.618-629
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• 2000

난대림(暖帶林) 육림(育林)에 필요한 기초 자료를 제공(提供)하고자 붉가시나무군락(群落)이 가장 발달되어 있는 보길도(甫吉島)에서 1998년 7월부터 1998년 10월에 걸쳐 붉가시나무가 우점(擾古)하는 임분(林分)을 대상으로 군락생태(群落生態)를 조사하였으며, 본 연구(硏究)에 의해 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 붉가시나무군락지(群落地)의 종구성(種構成)은 54과(科) 91속(屬) 113종(種) 9변종(變種) 1품종(品種) 등 모두 123종류(種類)가 출현(出現)하였고, 이중 상록성(常綠性) 식물종(植物種)은 모두 45종(種)이었으며, 모든 조사구(調査區)에서 공통(共通)으로 출현(出現)한 종(種)으로는 동백나무, 광나무, 사스레피나무, 청미래덩굴, 마삭줄 및 그늘사초의 6종(種)이었고, 생달나무, 자금우, 보춘화, 족제비고사리, 덜꿩나무 등 5종(種)의 출현빈도(出現頻度)가 80% 이상으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 2. 임관(林冠) 상층(上層)의 교목층(喬木層) 식피율(植被率)은 85% 이상으로 붉가시나무, 잣밤나무류(類), 참가시나무, 곰솔, 산벚나무의 순(順)으로, 아교목층(亞喬木層)에서는 동백나무, 광나무, 붉가시나무, 사스레피나무, 잣밤나무류(類)의 순(順)으로, 하층(下層)의 관목층(灌木層) 식피율(植被率)은 20% 내외로 동백나무, 광나무, 청미래덩굴, 생달나무, 덜꿩나무의 순(順)으로, 초본층(草本層)에서는 마삭줄, 자금우, 그늘사초, 동백나무(치수(稚樹)), 붉가시나무(치수(稚樹))의 순(順)으로 각각 중요치(重要値)가 높게 나타났다. 3. 붉가시나무군락(群落)은 평균(平均) 토양산도(土壤酸度)(pH) 5.00, 평균(平均) 유기물함량(有機物含量) 6.42%인 토양환경에서 군락이 발달하고 있었으며, 본(本) 도(島)의 남사면(南斜面), 서사면(西斜面), 북사면(北斜面) 및 동사면(東斜面)의 분포(分布) 순(順)으로 생장(生長)이 양호하게 나타난 것으로 보아 양수(陽樹)의 특성(特性)을 갖고있는 것으로 사료(思料)된다. 4. 임내(林內)의 평균(平均) 상대조도(相對照度)(RI)는 0.89%로서 미명(未明)의 상태를 유지하고 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 붉가시나무의 엽면적(葉面積)이 다른 상록활엽수(常綠闊葉樹)들에 비해 크고, 분지(分技)된 맹아(萌芽)의 발달로 임관(林冠) 상층(上層)의 피복율(被覆率) 높아짐에 따라 임내(林內) 수광량(受光量)이 현저히 낮아져 나타난 결과이며, 지표층(地表層) 식생(植生)의 분포(分布)를 결정하는 가장 중요한 요인(要因)으로 작용하고 있는 것으로 사료(思料)된다. 5. 군락(群落) 내(內) 붉가시나무의 흉고직경(胸高直徑) 분포(分布)를 분석한 결과 교목층(喬木層), 아교목층(亞喬木層)모두 역J자형(逆J字形)의 분포(分布)를 보이고 있어 군락의 유지가능성(維持可能性)이 불투명(不透明)한 것으로 판단(判斷)된다. 6. 붉가시나무의 연륜폭(年輪幅)을 분석한 결과 년평균(年平均) 직경생장량(直徑生長量)은 2.44mm로, 맹아지(萌芽枝)의 발생초기(發生初期)인 1~12년 사이에는 완만하게 생장(2.04mm)하다 맹아지가 임관(林冠) 상층(上層)에 도달하는 13년 이후부터 22년까지 가장 높은 생장량(2.95mm)을 기록하였고, 이후부터는 생장량이 완만하게 감소(減少)하거나 정체(停滯)되는 경향(2.41mm)을 나타냈다.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.55-80
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• 2012

다른 기업과 거래관계를 형성하고 유지하는 것은 빠르게 변화하는 치열한 환경에서 대부분의 기업에게 불가피한 전략적 선택이다. 유통망 안의 모든 기업들도 결국 독립적 기업 간의 이러한 거래 계약으로 맺어져 있다. 하지만 모든 기업 간의 거래가 하나의 목표를 가지고 공동의 이익 창출을 위해 노력하여, 모두 효과적이고 효율적인 성과만을 낼 수는 없다. 대리인 이론에 따르면, 기업들은 모두 독립적 주체로서 각자의 이해를 추구하고, 위험을 회피하려하며, 제한된 합리성을 가지고 불충분한 정보를 처리하게 된다. 즉, 기업 간 거래관계는 그 속에서 신뢰와 협력을 기대하는 동시에, 갈등과 기회주의적 행위도 예측해야 한다. 이에 본 연구는 기업 간 거래의 갈등 원인을 확인하고, 실제 기업이 주로 활용하는 거래조정 방식의 갈등관리 효과를 밝히고자 한다. 이를 위해 관련된 기존 연구와 대리인 이론을 활용하여, 제조업자와 공급업자 간 갈등이 관계성과에 미치는 영향과 거래 위험요인(환경동태성, 자산특유화 수준)의 갈등 유발 효과, 그리고 국내 기업거래 연구에서 잘 다루어지지 않은 거래 조정방식의 갈등관리 효과를 가정하였다. 더불어 국내 중소기업 데이터 329개를 대상으로 연구모델을 검증하였다. 연구 결과, 구매기업(제조업자)의 환경 동태성과 자산 특유화 수준이 높을수록 더 큰 갈등이 유발되었으며, 이러한 B2B 갈등은 기업 간 관계질과 재무성과에 부정적 영향을 끼쳤다. 또한 사회적 조정방식과 법적 조정방식은 갈등의 관계질에 대한 부정적 영향을 매우 유의한 수준에서 완화시키는 조절효과가 검증되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 B2B갈등의 원인과 관리기법에 대하여 실증적으로 확인하였다는 의의가 있으며, 특히 국내 거래관리 연구에서 소홀히 다루어졌던 법적 계약 방식의 긍정적이고 유의한 효과를 확인하였다는 의의가 있다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.