• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권3호
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• pp.686-691
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• 2023

면역글로불린(immunoglobulin; 이하 Ig) G4 연관 질환은 어떤 장기도 침범할 수 있는 섬유염증성 질환이며, 심근염의 형태로 발현되는 경우는 매우 드물다. 호흡곤란과 흉통이 있는 52세 남성이 심장자기공명영상에서 좌심실벽에 부종 및 심장간막과 심내막에 반점형과 결절형 지연 조영증강을 보이는 심근염 소견을 보였다. 혈액검사상 혈청 IgG4 상승과 호산구 증가증이 동반되었으며 심장 생검으로 호산구성 심근염과 IgG4 양성 세포가 확인되었다. 이에 저자들은 IgG4 연관 질환이 호산구성 심근염으로 발현된 드문 증례를 보고하고자 한다.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.639-647
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• 2018

3GPP 5G 시스템은 서로 다른 액세스 네트워크를 하나의 인터페이스로 수용하는 Common Core (코어) 네트워크 구조를 지향하고 있으며, 이를 기반으로 한 3GPP 5G 시스템 Phase 1 (Release 15) 규격에서는 Untrusted Non-3GPP 액세스를 3GPP 액세스와 동일한 인터페이스로 코어 네트워크와 연결되는 하나의 액세스 네트워크로 수용하고 있다. Untrusted Non-3GPP 액세스를 수용하기 위하여, 3GPP 5G 시스템은 RAN 위치에 N3IWF (Non-3GPP Inter-Working Function)을 두고 UE와 코어 네트워크 간의 인터페이스를 지원하며, Trusted Non-3GPP 액세스 네트워크의 수용은 Release 16를 목표로 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 3GPP 5G 시스템에서 Trusted Non-3GPP 액세스를 수용하기 위한 네트워크 구조 및 시그널링, 각 기능 구조 등의 설계 방안을 제안하고, 이를 기반으로 구현한 5G 시스템의 동작 결과를 보여준다. 제안된 방식은 N3IWF가 Untrusted/Trusted 액세스 네트워크를 모두 수용할 수 있도록 설계되었고, Untrusted/Trusted와 같이 서로 다른 종류의 Non-3GPP 액세스를 수용하더라도 N3IWF의 기능은 동일하다는 장점이 있다. 구현된 시스템 결과물은 3GPP 5G 시스템 Phase 1 구조를 그대로 수용하며 Trusted Non-3GPP 액세스 네트워크를 위한 별도의 추가기능 없이도, 액세스 독립적인 인터페이스를 코어 네트워크로 제공할 수 가능성을 보여준다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.323-333
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• 2011

Objectives : Zingberis Rhizoma (ZR) and Glycyrrihizae Radix (GR) have been widely used to prevent or treat allergic diseases. However, relatively little research has been conducted on the immune response to Senggang Gamcho-tang (SG) in a mixture of ZR and GR. The purpose of this study was to determine antiallergic effects of Senggang Gamcho-tang (SG) extracts ZR and GR on activity of murine splenocytes. Methods : This study was performed to investigate the effect of SG in mice, using in vitro experiments. Cells were treated with SG extract (1 ${\mu}g$/ml, 10 ${\mu}g$/ml and 100 ${\mu}g$/ml) plus Con A (2 ${\mu}g$/ml) and ZR (6.6 ${\mu}g$/ml and 66 ${\mu}g$/ml), GR (3.3 ${\mu}g$/ml and 33 ${\mu}g$/ml) respectively for 48 hrs. The production of IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-4 were determined by ELISA. Results : No toxicity was found in splenocytes treated with SG extract for 48 hrs at the concentration of 0 ${\mu}g$/ml, 1 ${\mu}g$/ml, 10 ${\mu}g$/ml and 100 ${\mu}g$/ml, respectively. The production of IFN-${\gamma}$ increased to 23,968.7 pg/ml (p<0.001) while that of IL-4 significantly decreased to 14.1 pg/m l(p<0.05) only at the SG concentration of 100 ${\mu}g$/ml. With the GR concentration of 33 ${\mu}g$/ml in SG extract, the production of IFN-${\gamma}$ rose to 32,102.2 pg/ml (p<0.001) while that of IL-4 (p<0.05) declined to 34.2 pg/ml. However, there was no significant observation with regard to the effect of ZR on production of IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-4. Conclusions : This study suggests an antiallergic effect of Senggang Gamcho-tang, which leads to the implication that SG extract may be used to enhance human immune function.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2015

In this paper there is an overview of some standards and security models which are implemented in such an IP-based and heterogeneous networks and we also present some security models in an open environment and finally we obtain that as a result of the nature of 4G networks there are still more security holes and open issues for expert to notice. Our survey shows that a number of new security threats to cause unexpected service interruption and disclosure of information will be possible in 4G due mainly to the fact that 4G is an IP-based, heterogeneous network. Other than that, it tells about the security issues and vulnerabilities present in the above 4G standards are discussed. Finally, we point to potential areas for future vulnerabilities and evaluate areas in 4G security which warrant attention and future work by the research and advanced technology industry.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37권7B호
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• pp.499-504
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• 2012

4G 이동통신 기지국에 있어서 최근에 DU (Digital Unit) 와 RU (Radio Unit) 로 분리되는 형상의 기지국이 많이 등장하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 차세대 4G LTE 및 LTE-Advanced 이동통신망에서 DU 와 RU 사이를 연결하는 CPRI (common public radio interface) 링크에 요구되는 통신망의 규격을 살펴보고 이를 WDM-PON 으로 구현하기 위한 요구규격을 분석하여 본 응용 시장에 뛰어들고자 하는 WDM-PON 시스템의 개발목표를 설정하고자 한다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1997

본 실험에서는 한우초유를 33% ammonium sulfate 포화용액으로 처리하여 조면역글로블린을 얻은 후 gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography를 이용하여 조면역글로블린의 분리 정도를 조사하고 affinity chromatography column을 이용하여 조면역글로블린으로 부터 Ig G의 결합정도를 알아보고 Protein G Sepharose fast flow system을 이용하여 신속하게 대량으로 Ig G의 분리를 꾀하여 얻어진 Ig G를 이용하여 ELISA방법으로 항체 생성유무를 측정하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. HPLC상에서 Superose 12 column을 이 용하여 한우초유의 조면역글로블린을 분리한 결과 Holstein초유의 조면역글로블린과 유사한 분리정도를 나타냈지만 약 84%의 Ig G를 한우초유의 조면역글로블린으로 부터 분리할 수 있었다. 2. Mono Q를 이용하여 HPLC에서 한우초유의 조면역글로블린을 gel filtration방법보다 짧은 시간에 분리할 수 있었지만 그다지 분리 정도가 좋지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 3. Hi-trap protein G column이 protein A sepharose CL-4B column보다 더 많은 양의 Ig G를 한우초유의 조면역글로블린으로 부터 얻을 수가 있었다. 4. Protein G Sepharose fast flow system을 이용하여 20mg의 sample양을 주입하여도 충분히 Ig G를 분리할 수 있었으며, ml 당 약 1.25mg의 Ig G를 얻을 수가 있었다. 5. ELISA방법을 이용하여 한우초유의 Ig G에 대한 항체 생성 유무를 측정한 결과, 면역화된 토끼에서 정상 토끼의 혈청에서보다 titer가 높게 나타났으므로 항체생성이 확인되었다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2005

In this paper, the life cycle assessment(LCA) methodology is applied to Personal Computer's basic materials in order to analyze the impact to the environment. LCA data collection is carried out taking into account on main materials of PC's parts and component. And the impact assessment is the environmental burden on three factor into air emission(CO2, SOx, NOx), five factor into water emission(BOD, COD, SS, N, P), and three factor on transported substance(cl, NH4, SO4). According to the result, the environmental burden of PC's basic materials was proved to be used total energy 6,285Mj and emitted CO2 259.8kg, SOx 3,571g, NOx 330g, COD 1,328g, P 246g, N 2,434g. And this paper was presented the problems of its disposition-incinerating, landfill, and recycling.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2017

Lamivudine belongs to the set of antiviral agents effective against hepatitis B virus infection. Given case reports on liver injuries after certain antiviral agent treatments, this study examined the effects of lamivudine on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin (TB) using a medical system database. A total of 1,321 patients taking lamivudine alone or with others were evaluated using laboratory hits in an electronic medical system at Seoul National University Hospital from 2005 through 2011. The patients were grouped according to prior ALT results: G#1, ALT < 40 IU/L; G#2, 40 IU/L ${\leq}$ ALT < 120 IU/L; G#3, 120 IU/L ${\leq}$ ALT < 240 IU/L; and G#4, ALT ${\geq}$ 240 IU/L. In G#1 and G#2 patients, lamivudine or adefovir treatment decreased ALT and TB compared to prior values. In G#3 and G#4 patients with three times the upper limit of normal (ULN) ${\leq}$ ALT < 15 times the ULN, both ALT and TB were decreased after treatment with lamivudine alone, or adefovir following lamivudine therapy, indicating that lamivudine therapy ameliorated liver functions. However, in G#4 patients who experienced severely advanced hepatitis (ALT ${\geq}$ 15 times the ULN, or ${\geq}$ 600 IU/L), lamivudine augmented TBmax ($6.3{\rightarrow}13.3mg/dL$) despite a slight improvement in ALT ($839{\rightarrow}783IU/L$), indicative of exacerbation of bilirubinemia. Patients who used adefovir after lamivudine also showed a high incidence of hyperbilirubinemia when they experienced severely advanced hepatitis. Treatment with adefovir alone did not show the effect. In conclusion, lamivudine may increase the risk of hyperbilirubinemia in patients with severely advanced hepatitis, implying that caution should be exercised when using lamivudine therapy in certain patient populations.

• Annals of Laboratory Medicine
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2019

Background: The Automated Fluorescent Immunoassay System (AFIAS) rotavirus assay (Boditech Med Inc., Chuncheon, Korea) is a new rapid antigen test for rotavirus detection. We evaluated the performance of this assay for detecting rotaviruses and their specific genotypes in clinical stool samples. Methods: AFIAS rotavirus assay was performed in 103 rotavirus-positive and 103 rotavirus-negative stool samples (confirmed by both PCR and ELISA), and its results were compared with those of PCR, ELISA, and immunochromatographic assay (ICA). We evaluated diagnostic sensitivity/specificity, the detectability of rotavirus subtypes, lower limit of detection (LLOD), reproducibility, cross-reactivity, and interference of AFIAS rotavirus assay. Results: Based on PCR and ELISA results, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the AFIAS rotavirus assay were both 99.0%. LLOD results showed that the AFIAS assay had sensitivity similar to or greater than ICA and ELISA. High reproducibility was confirmed, and no cross-reactivity or interference was detected. This assay could detect genotypes G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[6], G4P[8], G8P[4], G8P[8], G9P[4], and G9P[8]. Conclusions: The AFIAS rotavirus assay showed high reproducibility, sensitivity, and specificity as well as excellent agreement with ELISA, PCR, and ICA. It detected the most common as well as unusual genotypes of rotavirus prevalent in Korea. It could be a useful onsite assay for rapid, convenient, and cost-effective detection of rotavirus infection.

• 정보통신설비학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.43-59
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• 2006

A compact and broadband $4\times1$ array antenna was developed for 3G smart antenna system testbed. The $4\times1$ uniform linear away antenna was designed to operate at 1.885 to 2.2GHz with a total bandwidth of 315MHz. The array elements were based on the novel broadband L-probe fed inverted hybrid E-H (LIEH) shaped microstrip patch, which offers 22% size reduction to the conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna. For steering the antenna beam, a commercial variable attenuator (KAT1D04SA002), a variable phase shifter (KPH350SC00) with four units each, and the corporate 4-ways Wilkinson power divider which was fabricated in-house were integrated to form the beamforming feed network. The developed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 17.32% $(VSWR\leq1.5)$, 21.78% $(VSWR\leq2)$ with respect to center frequency 2.02GHz and with an achievable gain of 11.9dBi. The design antenna offer a broadband, compact and mobile solution for a 3G smart antenna testbed to fully characterized the IMT-2000 radio specifications and system performances.