• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.132-137
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• 2016

The genus Cypripedium, known as lady's slipper orchid, has been considered to have a considerable marketability as a potted and garden plant with beautiful flowers; however, this species is becoming endangered and, in some places extinct, due to habitat destruction and illegal collections. As such, an optimized artificial propagation system is necessary for its conservation and horticultural cultivation. For the establishment of the in vitro proliferation of the endangered Cypripedium macranthos Sw., native to Korea, the effects of medium strength and sucrose concentrations on germination, protocorm formation and seedling growth were investigated through asymbiotic seed culture. The highest germination rate and protocorm formation rate were obtained with a 1/4 MS medium; higher MS medium strengths did not generate the favorable conditions required for germination and protocorm growth. The overall growth characteristics of roots and buds developed from protocorms were best in cultures of 1/4 MS medium. On this medium containing $10g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sucrose, both the germination rate and protocorm formation rate increased significantly. The general growth properties of seedlings developed on the medium with $10g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sucrose were best, showing the highest bud formation rate and root number. Our results demonstrate that the 1/4 MS medium, supplemented with $10g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sucrose, could improve in vitro germination, and facilitate the growth of seedlings developed from the protocorms of C. macranthos Sw.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.06d
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• pp.217-219
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• 2006

4G mobile networks are expected to support various multimedia services over IP networks and also satisfy high spectral efficiency requirement. In cellular systems including 4G networks, hotspot cells can occur when available wireless resources at some location are not enough to sustain the needs of users. The hotspot cell can potentially lead to blocked and dropped calls, which can deteriorate the service quality for users. In a 4G mobile network, a band of users enjoying multimedia services can move around, which may generate heavy flows of traffic load. This situation can generate the hotspot cell which has a short life span of only a few minutes. In this paper, we propose a handover-based scheme which can effectively manage hotspot cells in 4G mobile networks. With the scheme, the current serving cell can recognize the load status of the target cell in advance before handover execution. Adaptive handover time control according to the amount of traffic load of cells can effectively and flexibly manage the hotspot cell in the network. And, through our hotspot cell management scheme, acceptable service quality can be supported as users continuously maintain connections with the network. In the simulation results, we find that our scheme generates smaller number of hotspot cells and supports higher service quality than the compared schemes.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.376-381
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• 2008

Anthocyanin contents of black soybean were analyzed for development of superior breeding lines with high anthocyanin contents. Total 292 genotypes of black soybean collected through the whole country were analyzed by HPLC in which C3G (Cyanidin-3-Glucoside), D3G (Delphinidin-3-glucoside), and Pt3G (Petunidin-3-Glucoside) were detected main anthocyanin pigments and each pigment contents were significantly different according to genotypes. C3G content showed the highest value in all materials and its variation was also wide, whereas D3G and Pt3G were not detected in 4 and 24 genotypes. Mean value of C3G, D3G, and Pt3G contents were $8.05{\pm}4.225$, $1.80{\pm}0.854$, and $1.15{\pm}0.781\;mg/g$, respectively. In case collected sites, genotypes collected in Chungnam region were higher the anthocyanin contents than other collections, which was $13.75{\pm}3.861\;mg/g$. It might be concluded that it takes more than 36 days for anthocyanin accumulation since beginning of seed-coat pigments formation, in that case it showed $13.09{\pm}4.190\;mg/g.$. Also total anthocyanin contents were present higher concentration in seed coat as maturation period was longer from flowering stage.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

This study was conducted to supplement new-normal strategies on management plans of rural groundwater resources in the era of Post COVID-19. Global outbreak of COVID-19 has damaged across all areas including public policy, economics, industrial services, and others without exception, which has resulted in establishing new-normal strategies in order to restore balance and functions as for these areas. The new-normal ones were represented as enhancing preventative management on infectious diseases, expanding non face-to-face services, enhancing protective trades and food securities, and preparing growth policies on public services using the 4^th industrial revolution techniques. In this study, G-WASH_AD (Groundwater supply, sanitation, and hygiene with attraction and digitization) was suggested to be new-normal strategies on rural groundwater resources. The G-WASH_AD was consisted of three detailed action plans: a preventative plan on waterborne-diseases of groundwater (PP), a groundwater-tourism plan with rural heritage (GP), and an application plan of the 4^th industrial revolution techniques to groundwater facilities and its data (P4). The PP can contribute to protect human health from waterborne-diseases and minimize hazardous effects on crop cultivation. The GP accompanied with high-quality groundwater resources is able to strengthen rural tourism, to promote marketing activities on local agricultural products, and to increase household incomes of rural communities. The P4 can reinforce fast, comfortable, and scientific management on groundwater facilities and its data, creating a virtuous cycle between innovative management on groundwater and growth of technology related to it. Results of the G-WASH_AD strategies can encourage a green growth engine in field of rural groundwater management keeping up with Post COVID-19.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.744-751
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• 2008

Physicochemical properties of Gugija-sugar leaching were investigated by adding sugar ratio on Gugija (Lycii fructus) raw fruit. Gugija were prepared by parboiling ($40{\sim}50$ sec at $85^{\circ}C$) and unparboiling. Gugija-sugar leaching were leached after preserving (5 months at $5^{\circ}C$) Gugija-sugar mixture (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% sugar based on raw Gugija). The yield increased with UPRGSL-4 (Gugija-sugar leaching adding 80% sugar) having the highest yield at 77.5%; in contrast, total acidity decreased with increasing ratio of sugar. The main organic acids of raw Gugija are tartaric acid (0.63%), citric acid (0.57%), malic acid (0.54%) and succinic acid (0.3%). Citric acid and succinic acid decreased with increasing ratio of sugar but malic acid and tartaric acid increased on Gugija-sugar leaching. Polyphenolics and betaine content of unparboiling Gugija-sugar leaching decreased as increase ratio of sugar but in term of used Gugija amount, betaine content of each Gugija-sugar leaching was equal to raw Gugija. Also, parboiling Gugija-sugar leaching decreased quickly with increasing ratio of sugar, especially PRGSL-4 and PRGSL-5 (parboiling Gugija-80 and 100% sugar leaching, respectively) was not determined. 15 types of free amino acids were detected in raw Gugija; the total content was 601.6 mg/100 g and the highest amino acid among them was serine, 218.1 mg/100 g. In PRGSL-4 prepared by parboiling, 9 kinds of free amino acid were detected and the total content was 383.3 mg/100g. Also, in UPRGSL-4 (unparboiling Gugija-80% sugar leaching), all 17 kinds were detected and its total content was 705.7 mg/100 g.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.579-582
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• 2009

A new red leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivar, "Mihong" which has late bolting and deep red leaf color was developed from a cross of "Danhongongchukmyeon" (deep red but early bolting and low yield) and "Hajicheongchukmyeon" (late bolting and high yield). The selection and breeding of advanced lines were done by pedigree method during 2000-2006. The advanced lines were evaluated for yield and adaptability in Korea (Gangwon, Kyunggi, Chungbuk, Kyungnam, Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, and Jeju) from 2007 to 2008. The "Mihong" has gray seed color, traverse elliptic leaves and deep red color. Compared to "Dukseomjeokchukmyeon", marketable yield of "Mihong" was higher by 2% (at 291 g per plant) as a 17.3 ton/ha, but with particularly improved good expression of deep red leaf color in high temperature cultivation in the field. The shelf-life of "Mihong" was three weeks longer than "Dukseomjeokchukmyeon" at $4^{\circ}C$. The amount of anthocyanin content of "Mihong" were higher than with "Dukseomjeokchukmyeon" at 28.9 mg/100 g. Especially the degree of leaf hardness in "Mihong" showed $26.9kg/cm^2$ compared to "Dukseomjeokchukmyeon". therefore, its taste is better, more crispy, and sweeter than "Dukseomjeokchukmyeon" This new cultivar "Mihong" can be cultivated in all year around even if summer time cultivation.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.230-234
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• 2019

This study was conducted to prepare healthy vinegars using the mycelia of various mushrooms (Cordyceps militaris, Phellinus baumi, Pleurotus cornucopiae, and Ganoderma lucidum). Analyses of the bioactive components of these vinegars revealed that those prepared using mushroom mycelial cultures on fermented brown rice had increased bioactive component levels compared to those cultured on unfermented brown rice. The highest beta-glucan contents (78.7 mg/g) were found in P. baumi cultures and 0.34mg/g of cordycepin was detected in C. militaris cultures. Regarding the chemical properties of these mushroom mycelia vinegars (MMVs), those prepared using C. militaris and P. cornucopiae cultures showed higher acidity and reduced sugar content. Sensory assessments of C. militaris and P. cornucopiae MMVs yielded scores of 7.3 and 6.6, respectively. Analyses of bioactive components revealed that C. militaris MMV contained high levels of polyphenols and 786 mg/L of cordycepin. P. cornucopiae MMV contained the highest amount of beta-glucan (20.9 mg/g).

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.94-99
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• 2016

To breed a new Korean Pleurotus eryngii cultivar with high quality and yield, single crosses between $24{\times}46$ and KNR2539 were performed, and a new cultivar, $6{\times}13$, was selected based on the days to harvest (14.6 days), quality (7.2), and yield (85.9 g/850 cc bottle). The strain was named Aeryni 5 and cultivated on a large scale at the mushroom farms to compare with Keuneutari 2ho. The yield of Aeryni 5 (82.2 g) was 122.7% of Keuneutari 2ho, and the quality of the new cultivar was 7.7 while reference cultivar was 6.3. The yield and quality of the two cultivars were statistically different. The lightness of the pileus of Aeryni 5 (61.7) was greater than that of Keuneutari 2ho by 3.4 points; thus, the pileus of Aeryni 5 looked brighter. PCR with URP2 was used to discriminate between Aeryni 5 and Kenneutari 2ho.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2013

Relationships among climate changes, early frost, and fruit growth were studied during the final month to harvest of late-maturing 'Fuyu' persimmon (Diospyros kaki) to assess the changes in fruit characteristics during this critical period. The heavy frost on Nov. 16 defoliated more than 70% of the leaves, but with little damage on the fruits. However, all the leaves were defoliated by the heavy frost on Nov. 20, and all the fruits were cold-damaged by $-3.3^{\circ}C$ on Nov. 21. Fruit weight increased by 8-25 g per week from Oct. 25 (142 days after full bloom) to Nov. 15, reaching to 250 g, but it decreased by 3-4 g per week after the frost. Hunter a value of fruit skin gradually increased until the last harvest on Nov. 29 with a temporary halt in early Nov. when temperature was high, whereas fruit firmness rapidly decreased after the frost on Nov. 21. Fruit soluble solids were $15.7-16.1^{\circ}Brix$ for the final month. When some branches were covered with non-woven fabrics to avoid direct contact with frost, the fruits on the branches were not visually damaged by the low temperature although 40-60% of their leaves were defoliated on Nov. 16. However, low temperature on Nov. 20 and 21 defoliated all the leaves, causing cold damage on the fruits. There was a highly significant correlation between the fruit diameter and its weight ($R^2$ = 0.73-0.91). So, the regression equations could be used to estimate weight from diameter of the fruits sampled from the branches with the non-woven fabrics. The calculated fruit weight reached to a maximum of 240 g on Nov. 15. Daily increases in fruit weight were 1.1-2.5 g from Oct. 25 to 31, 1.9-3.5 g from Oct. 31 to Nov. 7, and 1.4-1.6 g from Nov. 7 to 12. However, fruit weight decreased by 0.3-1 g per day after the cold damage on Nov. 21. The results indicate that the most appropriate harvest time could be dependent on relationship of fruit growth to climate.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.62-67
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• 2006

Pholiota nameko is one of the four major profitable mushrooms along with oak mushroom, winter mushroom, and oyster mushroom. It contains abundant proteins, carbohydrates, organic acids and vitamins. Its unique taste and flavor as well as its nutritional features make it widely favoured. Mushroom complete medium was the optimal medium for mycelial growth of Pholiota nameko. The optimal temperature and pH for the mycelial growth were $25^{\circ}C$ and 5.0, respectively. The best carbon sources for mycelial growth were glucose and mannose, and the best nitrogen sources were yeast extract, peptone, asparagine, etc. The 8:2 ratio mix of oak sawdust and wheat bran was the best for the bottle cultivation. The best mushroom was yielded after 30 days incubation. The best yield was produced with 850g of medium weight in a PP bag and bottle.